Abstract
Jacaranda heterophylla M.M.Silva-Castro, a new species of Jacaranda, is described and illustrated. This species is only known from a restricted area of Caatinga located between Lençóis and Palmeiras, at the Chapada Diamantina (Bahia, Brazil). It resembles J. grandifoliolata by the elliptic to obovate leaflets and J. jasminoides by the leaves that are pinnate at the base and bipinnate at the apex. However, J. heterophylla differs from J. grandifoliolata by the higher number of leaflets (17–19 vs. 3–5) and from J. jasminoides by the longer leaflets (6–15 cm vs. 1–4 cm). Information on its conservation status, distribution, and phenology are provided.