Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Articles
Published: 2012-02-24
Page range: 26–40
Abstract views: 56
PDF downloaded: 4

A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes)

Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, Australia 2601 Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia
Department of Biology, MSC 3AF, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0001, U.S.A
Department of Biology, MSC 3AF, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0001, U.S.A
Department of Biology, MSC 3AF, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0001, U.S.A
Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, Australia 2601
Psittaciformes parrots nomenclature family-group

Abstract

The last 20 years have seen a resurgence in systematic studies of parrots (Aves: Psittaciformes). Principally but not solelymolecular in nature, this body of work has addressed the circumscription of higher level groupings within the Psittaciformesand relationships among them. Stability has now emerged on many formerly contentious matters at these levels. Accordingly,we consider it appropriate to underpin further work on parrot biology with a freshly revised classification at the taxonomicranks spanned by family-group nomenclature, i.e., between superfamily and tribe. In light of the body of recent work, we advo-cate a framework of three superfamilies among parrots (Strigopoidea, Cacatuoidea and Psittacoidea) within which Linnaeantaxonomy can accommodate present phylogenetic understanding by employing groupings at the ranks of family, subfamily andtribe. Just as importantly, we have addressed numerous issues of nomenclature towards stabilising the family-group names ofparrots. We erect two new subfamily names, Coracopseinae Joseph, Toon, Schirtzinger, Wright & Schodde, subfam. nov. andPsittacellinae Joseph, Toon, Schirtzinger, Wright & Schodde, subfam. nov. We stress that rankings we have applied reflect thestate of understanding of parrot phylogeny and how it can be summarized in a Linnaean system; comparisons with rankings in other groups are likely not appropriate nor relevant.

References

  1. Astuti, D., Azuma, N., Suzuki, H. & Higashi, S. (2006) Phylogenetic relationships within parrots (Psittacidae) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene sequences. Zoological Science, 23, 191–198.

    Bock, W.L. (1994) History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 222, 1–288.

    Boetticher, H. von (1959) Papageien. Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei. A. Ziemsen, Wittenberg Lutherstadt, 128 pp.

    Bonaparte, C.-L. (1849) Conspectus Systematis Ornithologiae, Editio altera reformata additis Synonymis Grayanis. M. & F.C. Westerman, Amsterdam, 2 pp. (unpaginated).

    Bonaparte, C.L. (1853) Classification ornithologique par series. Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris, 37, 641–647.

    Brown, D.M. & Toft, C.A. (1999) Molecular systematics and biogeography of the cockatoos (Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae). The Auk, 116, 141–157.

    Brisson, M.-J. (1760) Ornithologie ou Méthode contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes et leurs Variétés, vol. IV. J.-B. Bauche, Paris, liv+576 pp.

    Buffon, G.L.L. (1779) Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux, vol. VI. L’Imprimerie royale, Paris, xii+582 pp.

    Campbell, B. & Lack, E. (1985) A Dictionary of Birds. Buteo Books, Vermillion, South Dakota, xxx+670 pp.

    Chesser, R.T. (2004) Molecular systematics of New World suboscine birds. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 32, 11–24.

    Christidis, L., Schodde, R., Shaw, D. & Maynes, S. (1991) Relationships among the Australo-Papuan parrots, lorikeets and cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes): protein evidence. Condor, 93, 302–317.

    Christidis, L. & Boles, W.E. (1994) The Taxonomy and Species of Birds of Australia and its Territories. Monograph 2. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, Melbourne, 112 pp.

    Christidis, L. & Boles, W.E. (2008) Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 277 pp.

    Collar, N.J. (1997) Family Psittacidae. In: del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (Eds), Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 4, Sandgrouse to Cuckoos. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp. 280–479.

    Condon, H.T. (1975) Checklist of the Birds of Australia. Part 1 Non-Passerines. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, Melbourne, 311 pp.

    de Kloet, R. & de Kloet, S. (2005) The evolution of the spindlin gene in birds: sequence analysis of an intron of the spindlin W and Z gene reveals four major divisions of the Psittaciformes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 36, 706–721.

    Dickinson, E.C. (Ed) (2003) The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Third Edition. Christopher Helm, London, 1039 pp.

    Finsch, O. (1867) Die Papageien, Monographisch bearbeitet, Vol. 1. E.J. Brill, Leiden, xii+561 pp.

    Fjeldså, J., Zuccon, D., Irestedt, M., Johansson, U.S. & Ericson, P.G.P. (2003) Sapayoa aenigma: a New World representative of ‘Old World suboscines’. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B (Suppl.) 270, S238–S241.

    Forshaw, J.M. (1978) Parrots of the World. Second edition. Lansdowne Editions, Melbourne, 616 pp.

    Forshaw, J.M. (1981) Australian Parrots. Second edition. Lansdowne Editions, Melbourne, 312 pp.

    Forshaw, J. (1989) Parrots of the World. Third edition. Lansdowne and Kevin Weldon, New South Wales, 672 pp.

    Forshaw, J. (2002) Australian Parrots. Third edition. Robina Press, Queensland, 640 pp.

    Forshaw, J. (2006) Parrots of the World. An Identification Guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 172 pp.

    Gill, B.J., Bell, B.D., Chambers, G.K., Medway, D.G., Palma R.L., Scofield, R.P., Tennyson, A.J.D. & Worthy, T.H. (2010) Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica. Fourth Edition. Te Papa Press, Wellington, 501 pp.

    Gray, G.R. (1840) A List of the Genera of Birds, with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. R. & J.E. Taylor, London, viii+80 pp.

    Gray, G.R. (1859) List of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the British Museum. Part III. Section II. Psittacidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 110 pp.

    Groombridge, J.J., Jones, C.G., Nichols, R.A., Carlton, M. & Bruford, M.W. (2004) Molecular phylogeny and morphological change in the Psittacula parakeets. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31, 96–108.

    Higgins, P. (Ed) (1999) Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Vol. 4 Parrots to Dollarbird. Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1248 pp.

    Homberger, D.G. (1980) Funktionell-morphologische Untersuchungen zur Radiation der Ernährungs – und Trinkmethoden der Papageien (Psittaci). Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 13, 1–192.

    Homberger, D.G. (2003) The comparative biomechanics of a predator-prey relationship: The adaptive morphologies of the feeding apparatus of Australian black-cockatoos and their foods as a basis for the reconstruction of the evolutionary history of Psittaciformes. In: Bels, V.L., Gasc, J.-P. & Casinos, A. (Eds), Vertebrate Biomechanics and Evolution. BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford, pp. 203–228.

    Howard, R. & Moore, A. (1980) A Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Academic Press,

    London, viii+701 pp.

    Hume, J.P. (2007) Reappraisal of the parrots (Aves: Psittacidae) from the Mascarene Islands, with comments on their ecology, morphology, and affinities. Zootaxa 1513, 1–76.

    ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) (1985) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Third Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xx+338 pp.

    ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix+306 pp.

    Illiger, C. (1811) Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versonie germanica. C. Salfeld, Berlin, xviii+301 pp.

    International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1987) Official Lists and Indexes of Names and Works in Zoology. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, British Museum (Natural History), London, 366 pp.

    International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2001) Official Lists and Indexes of Names and Works in Zoology. Supplement 1986–2000. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, The Natural History Museum, London, iv+136 pp.

    ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System) (2006) http://www.itis.gov/Servlet/Single Rpt/Psittacidae.

    Joseph, L., Toon, A., Schirtzinger, E. & Wright, T. (2011) Molecular systematics of two enigmatic genera Psittacella and Pezoporus illuminate the ecological radiation of Australo-Papuan parrots. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59, 675–684. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.017

    Kundu, S., Jones, C.G., Prys-Jones, R.P. & Groombridge, J.J. (2012) The evolution of the Indian Ocean parrots (Psittaciformes): extinction, adaptive radiation and eustacy, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62, 296–305. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.09.025

    Lundberg, J., Sullivan, J., Rodiles-Hernandez, R. & Hendrickson, D.A. (2007) Discovery of African roots for the Mesoamerican Chiapas catfish, Lacantunia enigmatica, requires an ancient intercontinental passage. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 156, 39–53.

    Mathews, G.M. (1916) The Birds of Australia. Vol. 6, Pt.1. Witherby & Co., London, pp. 1–104.

    Mathews, G.M. (1917) The Birds of Australia. Vol. 6, Pt. 2. Witherby & Co., London, pp. 105–216.

    Mathews, G.M. (1927) Systema Avium Australasianarum. Part 1. British Ornithologists’ Union, London, x–xvii+426 pp.

    Mathews, G.M. (1946) A Working List of Australian Birds including the Australian Quadrant and New Zealand. Shepherd & Newman, Sydney, iv+183 pp.

    Mayr, G. (2008) The phylogenetic affinities of the parrot taxa Agapornis, Loriculus and Melopsittacus (Aves: Psittaciformes): hypotarsal morphology supports the results of molecular analyses. Emu, 108, 23–27.

    Mayr, G. (2010) Parrot interrelationships—morphology and the new molecular phylogenies. Emu, 110, 348–357.

    Miyaki, C.Y., Matioli, S.R., Burke, T. & Wajntal, A. (1998) Parrot evolution and paleogeographical events: mitochondrial DNA evidence. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 15, 544–551.

    Peters, J.L. (1937) Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 3. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 311 pp.

    Rafinesque-Schmaltz, C.S. (1815) Analyse de la Nature ou Tableau de l’univers et des corps organises. The author, Palerme, 224 pp.

    Reichenow, A. (1881) Conspectus Psittacorum. Systematische Uebersicht alle bekannten Papageienarten. Journal für Ornithologie, 29, 1–49, 113–177, 225–289, 337–398.

    Rowley, I. (1997) Family Cacatuidae. In: del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (Eds), Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 4, Sandgrouse to Cuckoos. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp. 246–279.

    Salvadori, T. (1891) Catalogue of the Psittaci, or parrots. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum, Vol. 20. British Museum, London, 658 pp.

    Schodde, R. (1997a) Cacatuidae. In: Houston, W.M.K. & Wells, A. (Eds), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 37. 2. Aves (Columbidae to Coraciidae). CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 64–108.

    Schodde, R. (1997b) Psittacidae. In: Houston, W.M.K. & Wells, A. (Eds), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 37. 2. Aves (Columbidae to Coraciidae). CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 109–218.

    Schodde, R., Joseph, L. & Bock, W.J. (submitted) Case 3572. PSITTACULINAE Vigors, 1825 (Aves): proposed conservation of usage. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature.

    Schweizer, M., Güntert, M., Seehausen, O. & Hertwig, S.T. (2010) The evolutionary diversification of parrots supports a taxon pulse model with multiple trans-oceanic dispersal events and local radiations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 54, 984–994. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.021 3

    Schweizer, M., Seehausen, O. & Hertwig, S.T. (2011) Macroevolutionary patterns in the diversification of parrots: effects of climate change, geological events and key innovations. Journal of Biogeography, 38, 2176–2194. doi:10.1111/j.1365–2699.2011.02555.x

    Smith, G.A. (1975) Systematics of parrots. Ibis, 117, 18–65.

    Stresemann, E. (1975) Ornithology from Aristotle to the Present. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, xii+432 pp.

    Sundevall, C.J. (1872) Methodi Naturalis Avium Disponendarum Tentamen. Part 1. Samson & Wallin, Stockholm, xlviii+72 pp.

    Tavares, E.S., Baker, A.J., Pereira, S.L. & Miyaki, C.Y. (2006) Phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of Neotropical parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae: Arini) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Systematic Biology, 55, 454–470.

    Tokita, M., Kiyoshi, T. & Armstrong, K.N. (2007) Evolution of craniofacial novelty in parrots through developmental modularity and heterochrony. Evolution and Development, 9, 590–601.

    Verheyen, R. (1956) Analyse du potential morphologique et projet d’une nouvelle classification des Psittaciformes. Bulletin du Institute Royale des Sciences Naturelles Belgique, 32 (55), 1–54.

    Vigors, N.A. (1825) On the arrangement of the genera of birds. The Zoological Journal, 2, 391–405.

    Wagler, J.G. (1832) Monographia Psittacorum. Abhandlungen der königl. Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, München, 1, 463–750.

    Wells, M.G. (1998) World Bird Species Checklist: with Alternative English and Scientific Names. Worldlist, Bushey, United Kingdom, 671 pp.

    White, N.E., Phillips, M.J., Gilbert, M.T.P., Alfaro-Núñez, A., Mawson, P.R., Spencer, P.B.S. & Bunce, M. (2011) The evolutionary history of cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 59, 615–622. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.011.

    WIKIPEDIA (2010) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category: Cacatuidae

    WIKIPEDIA (2011a) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_parrot

    WIKIPEDIA (2011b) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_parrots

    Wolters, H.E. (1975) Die Vogelarten der Erde. Part 1. Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin, 745 pp.

    Worthy, T.H., Tennyson, A.J.D. & Scofield, R.P. (2011) An early Miocene diversity of parrots (Aves, Strigopidae, Nestorinae) from New Zealand. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 31, 1102–1116.

    Wright, T., Schirtzinger, E., Eberhard, J., Graves, G., Sanchez, J., Capelli, S., Muller, H., Scharpegge, J., Chambers, G. & Fleischer, R. (2008) A multilocus molecular phylogeny of the parrots (Psittaciformes): support for a Gondwanan origin during the Cretaceous. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 25, 2141–2156.