Abstract
The Oriental species of the Bengalia peuhi species-group are revised and their male genitalia illustrated by means of digital colour photography. A key to males is presented, complete synonymies are given for all the species and their geographical distribution reconsidered. The 13 Oriental species making up the group are: Bengalia emarginata Malloch, 1927 (China, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam); B. emarginatoides sp. nov. (India, Sri Lanka); B. emdeniella (Lehrer, 2005), comb. nov. (China); B. fani Feng & Wei, 1998 (China); B. inermis Malloch, 1927 (Philippines); B. latro de Meijere, 1910 (Indonesia); B. lyneborgi James, 1966 (Philippines); B. pseudovaricolor Kurahashi & Tumrasvin, 1979 (Thailand); B. surcoufi Senior-White, 1923 (India, Nepal, Pakistan, Vietnam); B. taksina (Lehrer, 2005), comb. nov. (Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam); B. unicolor Séguy, 1946 (Pakistan); B. varicolor (Fabricius, 1805) (China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam); and B. weii sp. nov. (China). A lectotype is designated for Bengalia latro to fix the interpretation of the name. Bengalia bezzii Senior-White, 1923 is established as a junior synonym of Musca varicolor Fabricius, 1805, syn. nov. Bengalia chromatella Séguy, 1946 and Bengalia pallidicoxa Séguy, 1946 are treated as junior synonyms of Musca varicolor Fabricius, 1805, syn. nov. Afridigalia bezziella Lehrer, 2005 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia emarginata Malloch, 1927, syn. nov. Afridigalia pinatuba Lehrer, 2005 and Ashokiana ramsdalei Lehrer, 2005 are established as junior synonyms of Bengalia inermis Malloch, 1927, syn. nov. Ashokiana ramsdalei and Afridigalia laguna Lehrer, 2005 are both based on a holotype with a partly destroyed aedeagus. Afridigalia tenggeria Lehrer, 2006 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia latro de Meijere, 1910, syn. nov. Afridigalia thaisia Lehrer, 2008 is established as a junior synonym of Afridigalia taksina Lehrer, 2005, syn. nov. The Afrotropical Afridigalia walkeriana Lehrer, 2005 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia depressa Walker, 1858, syn. nov. The Afrotropical Afridigalia zouloupyga Lehrer, 2006 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia floccosa Wulp, 1885, syn. nov. Afridigalia arawakia Lehrer, 2006 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia peuhi Villeneuve, 1914, syn. nov. Bengalia taiwanensis Fan, 1965, not a member of the peuhi species-group, is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia fuscipennis Bezzi, 1913, syn. nov. Sri Lanka is deleted from the distributional range of this species. New morphological terms are introduced for the description of the aedeagus. The ovipositor is described for Bengalia emarginata and Bengalia lyneborgi. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis is performed using NONA and Pee-Wee.References
Altson, A.M. (1932) On the feeding habits and breeding of Ochromyia (Bengalia) depressa, R.-D., and O. peuhi, B. B. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 7, 36–40.
Bequaert, J.C. (1922) III.—The predaceous enemies of ants. In: Wheeler, W.M. (ed.), Ants of the American Museum Congo Expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 45, 271–331. Available from http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/932/ (accessed 2 April 2009).
Bezzi, M. (1911) Miodarii superiori raccolti dal signor C. W. Howard nell’Africa australe orientale. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della R. Scuola Superiore d'Agricoltura. Portici, 6 [1912], 45–104.
Bezzi, M. (1913) Einige Bemerkungen über die Dipterengattungen Auchmeromyia und Bengalia. Entomologische Mitteilungen, 2, 70–78.
Chiu, S.-c., Chou, L.-y. & Chou, K.-c. (1984) A check list of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) of Taiwan. Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Republic of China. iv + 67 pp. Only “Appendix of the Locality Records”, pp. 53-55 seen. Available from http://www.tari.gov.tw/taric/uploads/publication_no15-19.pdf (accessed 20 July 2009).
Cuthbertson, A. (1933) The habits and life histories of some Diptera in southern Rhodesia. Proceedings of the Rhodesia Scientific Association, 32, 81–111 + 4 pls.
de Jong, H. See Jong, H. de
Delfinado, M.D. & Hardy, D.E. (eds.) (1977) A catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Volume III Suborder Cyclorrhapha (excluding Division Aschiza). University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu. x + 854 pp.
de Meijere, J.C.H. See Meijere, J.C.H. de
Duponchel, P. (1842) Bengalie. In: Orbigny, C.V.D. d’ (ed.), Dictionnaire Universel d’Histoire Naturelle. Tome deuxième. C. Renard, Paris, p. 542.
Note. For bibliographic details on the Dictionnaire and the type designations therein, see Evenhuis & Thompson (1990).
Evenhuis, N.L. & Thompson, F.C. (1990) Type designations of genus-group names of Diptera given in d’Orbigny’s Dictionnaire Universel d’Histoire Naturelle. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 30, 226–258.
Fabricius, I.C. (1805) Systema antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. Reichard, Brunsvigae [= Brunswick]. xiv + 15–372 + [1 (Errata)] + 30 pp.
Fan, Z.-d. (ed.) (1965) Key to the common synanthropic flies in China. Academy of Science, Peking [= Beijing], xv + 330 pp. + 40 pls. [In Chinese.]
Fan, Z.-d. (ed.) (1992) Key to the common flies of China. Second edition. Academia Sinica, Shanghai, xlviii + 992 pp. + 40 pls. [In Chinese with English notes on the new taxa.]
Fan, Z.-d. (ed.) (1997) Diptera: Calliphoridae. Fauna Sinica, Insecta, 6, xii + 707 pp. [In Chinese with English summary, key to subfamilies, tribes, genera and species, and summary of new taxa.]
Farrow, R.A. & Dear, J.P. (1978) The discovery of the genus Bengalia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology, 17, 234.
Feng, Y., Chen, H.-w. & Xue, W.-q. (1998) Calliphoridae. In: Xue W.-q. & Chao C.-m. (eds), Flies of China. Vol. 2. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, Shenyang [1996], pp. 1366–1517. [In Chinese, with English summaries of new species.]
Goloboff, P.A. (1993) NONA. Version 2.0 (for Windows). Published by the author, Tucumán, Argentina. Available from http://cladistics.com/ (accessed 2 April 2009).
Goloboff, P.A. (1993–1997) Pee-Wee. (P)arsimony and (I)mplied (WE)ights. Version 3.0 (for Windows). Published by the author, Tucumán, Argentina. Available from http://www.zmuc.dk/public/phylogeny/Nona-Pee-Wee/ (accessed 2 April 2009).
Heo, C.C., Kurahashi, H., Marwi, M.A., Jeffery, J., Chen, C.D., Zuha, R.M. & Omar, B. (2008) A new record of Bengalia emarginata Malloch, 1927 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine, 25, 262–263.
Hennig, W. (1941) Verzeichnis der Dipteren von Formosa. Entomologische Beihefte aus Berlin-Dahlem, 8, 1–239.
Inder Singh, K., Kurahashi, H. & Kano, R. (1979) A preliminary key to the common calliphorid flies of peninsular Malaysia (Insecta: Diptera). The Bulletin of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 26, 5–24.
Jacobson, E. (1910) Pheidologeton diversus Jerdon und eine myrmecophile Fliegenart. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 53, 328–335.
James, M.T. (1966) The blow flies (Diptera, Calliphoridae) collected in the Philippine Islands by the Noona Dan expedition. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 34, 463–488.
James, M.T. (1977) Family Calliphoridae. In: Delfinado, M.D. & Hardy, D.E. (eds), A catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Volume III Suborder Cyclorrhapha (excluding Division Aschiza). University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, pp. 526–556.
Jong, H. de (2000) The types of Diptera described by J.C.H. de Meijere. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, vii + [1] + 271 pp.
Kano, R. & Shinonaga, S. (1968) Fauna Japonica Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera). Biogeographical Society of Japan, Tokyo, 181 pp. + 23 pls.
Note. On title page the publisher is given as Biological Society of Japan.
Kurahashi, H. (1967) Studies on the calypterate muscoid flies from Japan VI. Revision of the tribes Bengaliini and Polleniini of the subfamily Calliphorinae and the subfamilies Chrysomyiinae and Rhiniinae (Diptera, Calliphoridae). Science Reports of the Kanazawa University, 12, 255–302.
Kurahashi, H. & Afzal, M. (2002) The blow flies recorded from Pakistan, with the description of one new species (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Medical Entomology and Zoology, 53, 213–230.
Kurahashi, H., Benjaphong, N. & Omar, B. (1997) Blow flies (Insecta: Diptera: Calliphoridae) of Malaysia and Singapore. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 5, 1–88.
Kurahashi, H. & Chowanadisai, L. (2001) Blow flies (Insecta: Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Indochina. Species Diversity, 6, 185–242.
Kurahashi, H. & Magpayo, F.R. (2000) Blow flies (Insecta: Diptera: Calliphoridae) of the Philippines. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 9, 1–78.
Kurahashi, H. & Thapa, V.K. (1994) Notes on the Nepalese calliphorid flies (Insecta: Diptera). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 45 (Supplement), 179–252.
Kurahashi, H. & Tumrasvin, W. (1979) Six new species of calliphorid flies from Thailand (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 30, 297–304.
Lehrer, A.Z. (2005) Bengaliidae du Monde (Insecta, Diptera). Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Moscow, 192 pp.
Lehrer, A.Z. (2006a) Contributions taxonomiques et zoogéographique sur la famille des Bengaliidae (Diptera). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Mulhouse, 62, 1–11.
Lehrer, A.Z. (2006b) Un autre point de vue taxonomique sur les types porte-noms. Fragmenta dipterologica, 5, 1–8.
Lehrer, A.Z. (2008) Une nouvelle espèce thaïlandaise du genre Afridigalia Lehrer (Diptera, Bengaliidae). Fragmenta dipterologica, 16, 28–29.
Lewis, C.T. & Pollock, J.N. (1975) Engagement of the phallosome in blowflies. Journal of Entomology, Ser. A., 49, 137–147.
Malloch, J.R. (1927) LV.—Exotic Muscaridæ (Diptera).—XX. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 20, 385–424.
Maschwitz, U. & Schönegge, P. (1980) Fliegen als Beute und Bruträuber bei Ameisen. Insectes Sociaux, 27, 1–4.
Meijere, J.C.H. de (1910) Über drei von Jacobson auf Java bei Pheidologeton diversus Jerdon beobachtete Fliegen. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 53, 336–340.
Merritt, D.J. (1989) The morphology of the phallosome and accessory gland material transfer during copulation in the blowfly, Lucilia cuprina (Insecta, Diptera). Zoomorphology, 108, 359–366.
Merritt, D.J., Yin, C.-m. & Stoffolano, J.G. (1994) Copulatory apparatus and deposition of male accessory secretion in Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87, 97–103.
Nixon, K.C. (2002) WinClada. Version 1.00.08. Published by the author, Ithaca, NY, USA. Available from http://cladistics.com (accessed 2 April 2009).
Pont, A.C. (1980) 90. Family Calliphoridae. In: Crosskey, R.W. (ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 779–800.
Rickenbach, A., Hamon, J. & Mouchet, J. (1960) Description de deux Calliphoridae nouveaux de la région éthiopienne: Bengalia roubaudi n. sp. et Tricyclea colasbelcouri n. sp. (Diptera, Cyclorhapha). Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Éxotique, 53, 155–158.
Robineau-Desvoidy, J.-B. (1830) Essai sur les Myodaires. Mémoires présentés par divers savants à l’Académie Royale des Sciences de l’Institut de France, Sciences Mathémathiques et Physiques, 2, 1–813.
Rognes, K. (1991) Blowflies (Diptera, Calliphoridae) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna entomologica Scandinavica, 24, 1–272.
Rognes, K. (1997) The Calliphoridae (blowflies) (Diptera: Oestroidea) are not a monophyletic group. Cladistics, 13, 27–66.
Rognes, K. (1998) 3.51. Family Calliphoridae. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (eds.), Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera 3: Higher Brachycera. Science Herald, Budapest, pp. 617–648.
Rognes, K. (2006) Bengalomania – A review of Andy Z. Lehrer’s book on Bengalia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 and related works (Diptera, Calliphoridae). Studia dipterologica, 12 [2005], 443–471.
Rueda, L.M. (1985) Some Philippine blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) I. Subfamily Calliphorinae. Philippine Entomologist, 6, 307–358.
Séguy, E. (1946) Calliphorides d’Extreme-Orient. Encyclopédie entomologique. Série B. Mémoires et Notes. II. Diptera, 10, 81–90.
Senior-White, R.A. (1923a) The Muscidæ testaceæ of the Oriental Region. (With descriptions of those found within Indian limits.) Spolia zeylanica, 12, 294–314 + pls. I–XI.
Senior-White, R.A. (1923b) Notes on Indian Muscidæ. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India, 8, 35–52 + pls. II–IV.
Senior-White, R.A. (1924) New and little known Oriental Tachinidae. Spolia ceylanica, 13, 103–119.
Senior-White, R.A. (1926) A revision of the sub-family Calliphorinae in the Oriental Region. Records of the Indian Museum, 28, 127–140.
Senior-White, R.A. (1930) Distributional records of Indian muscoids, with descriptions of two new species. Records of the Indian Museum, 32, 65–75.
Senior-White, R.A., Aubertin, D. & Smart, J. (1940) The fauna of British India, including the remainder of the Oriental Region. Diptera. Vol. VI. Calliphoridæ. Taylor & Francis, London, xiii + 288 pp.
Smith, K.G.V, Crosskey, R.W. & Pont, A.C. (1980) Bibliography of cited literature. In: Crosskey, R.W. (ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 889–1196.
Surcouf, J.M.R. [1920] Révision des Muscidæ testaceæ. Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris, (5) 6 (‘1914’, ‘1919’), 27–124.
Note. According to information in a letter from Surcouf to Austen (cf. Senior-White 1923a: 313) this work was completed at the outbreak of WWI, but was not published until 1920. Smith, Crosskey & Pont (1980: 1154) cited notes from the same letter on a BMNH copy to the effect that the actual publication date was “c. May 1920”. They also explained that “[t]he journal cover has two printed dates, ‘1914’, and the statement ‘Ce fascicule a été publié en Décembre 1919’.”.
Surcouf, J.M.R. & Guyon, L. (1912) Nouvelles espèces de Calliphorinæ de l’Afrique occidentale. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 18, 418–428.
Thompson, F.C. & Pont, A.C. (1994) Systematic database of Musca names (Diptera). Theses zoologicae, 20 [1993], 1–219 (+ postscript of 2 unnumbered pages).
Note. The publication date of this work is 11 March 1994 (Thompson & Pont 2008).
Thompson, F.C. & Pont, A.C. (2008) Systematic database of Musca names (Diptera): Publication date and proper name for the Carrot Rust fly (Diptera: Psilidae). Studia dipterologica, 14, 269–270.
Townsend, C.H.T. (1931) XLIX.—Notes on Old-World œstromuscoid types.—Part I. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (10) 8, 369–391.
Tumrasvin, W., Kurahashi, H. & Kano, R. (1979) Studies on medically important flies in Thailand VII. Report on 42 species of calliphorid flies, including the taxonomic keys (Diptera: Calliphoridae). The Bulletin of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 26, 243–272.
Verves, Yu.G. (2005) A catalogue of Oriental Calliphoridae (Diptera). International Journal of Dipterological Research, 16, 233–310.
Villeneuve, J. (1914) Liste d’espèces africaines du genre Bengalia Rob.-Desv. [Dipt.]. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1914, 253–255.
Villeneuve, J. (1926) Myodaires supérieurs de l’Afrique nouvaux ou peu connus. Revue Zoologique Africaine, 14, 64–69.
Walker, F. (1858) Characters of undescribed Diptera in the collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c. [part]. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, N. Ser. 4, 190–235.
Wiedemann, C.R.W. (1819) Beschreibung neuer Zweiflügler aus Ostindien und Afrika. Zoologisches Magazin (Kiel), 1 (3), 1–39.
Wulp, F.M. van der (1885) Quelques Diptères exotiques. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 28 [1884], CCLXXXVIII–CCXCVII.
Zimsen, E. (1964) The type material of I. C. Fabricius. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 655 pp.
Zumpt, F. (1956) Calliphoridae (Diptera Cyclorrhapha) Part 1: Calliphorini and Chrysomyiini. Exploration du Parc National Albert Mission G. F. de Witte (1933–1935), 87, 1–200.