Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2017-05-26
Page range: 103–118
Abstract views: 67
PDF downloaded: 1

Systematics of Eutropis rugifera (Stoliczka, 1870) (Squamata: Scincidae) including the redescription of the holotype

Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Gd. PAU Lt. 8.5, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russia. Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, 63 Nguyen Van Huyen Road, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Department of Life Sciences, Darwin Centre, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, England.
Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Gd. PAU Lt. 8.5, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Gd. PAU Lt. 8.5, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
Centrum für Naturkunde (CeNak), Zoologisches Museum Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
biogeography cryptic species rough-scaled sun skink species complex Sundaland Reptilia

Abstract

Eutropis rugifera has long been identified as a widespread species complex distributed in Nicobar, Peninsular Malaysia, Greater Sundaic Islands, Bali, Sulawesi and the Philippines. This skink was described by Stoliczka in 1870 from Nicobar Island based on a single specimen (holotype by monotypy). Later, Peters (1871), Bartlett (1895) and Werner (1896) described three more species which were morphologically similar to Euprepes percarinatus (from Java), Mabuia rubricollis (Borneo) and M. quinquecarinata (Sumatra) respectively, which are currently considered junior objective synonyms of Eutropis rugifera. We examined all the available synonym types and voucher specimens of Eutropis rugifera deposited at several museums. A morphological examination of the types of this species and mtDNA analysis (584 bp of 16S rRNA) of the samples from different biogeographic regions revealed that Eutropis rugifera from Nicobar Island, Bali Island, and Bawean Island are composed of a monophyletic species. However, the taxonomic status of the above population requires further clarification, and the population in Bawean Island may represent a cryptic species. Finally, we provide a complete redescription of E. rugifera based on its holotype.

References

  1. Amarasinghe, A.A.T., Campbell, P.D., Chandramouli, S.R., Deuti, K., Raha, S., Karunarathna, D.M.S.S. & Ineich, I. (2016) Taxonomy and natural history of Eutropis beddomei (Jerdon, 1870) (Reptilia: Scincidae), including a redescription of the holotype. Zootaxa, 4132 (4), 509–520.
    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4132.4.3

    Amarasinghe, A.A.T., Campbell, P.D., Chandramouli, S.R., Deuti, K., Raha, S., Karunarathna, D.M.S.S. & Ineich, I. (2016) Taxonomy of two endemic Indian skinks, Eutropis bibronii (Gray, 1838) and E. nagarjunensis (Sharma, 1969) (Reptilia: Scincidae), including redescriptions of their types. Zootaxa, 4154 (2), 155–168.
    http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4154.2.3

    Barley, A.J., Datta-Roy, A., Karanth, K.P. & Brown R.M. (2014) Sun skink diversification across the Indian–Southeast Asian biogeographical interface. Journal of Biogeography, 42, 292–304.
    http://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12397

    Bartlett, E. (1895) The crocodiles and lizards of Borneo in the Sarawak Museum, with descriptions of supposed new species, and the variation of colours in the several species during life. Journal of the Straits Branch Royal Asiatic Society Singapore, 28, 73–96.

    Boulenger, G.A. (1887) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytropsidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 575 pp.

    Chan-ard, T., Grossmann, W., Gumprecht, A. & Schulz, K.D. (1999) Amphibians and reptiles of peninsular Malaysia and Thailand - an illustrated checklist. Bushmaster Publications, Würselen, 240 pp.

    Cox, M.J., Van Dijk, P.P., Jarujin, N. & Thirakhupt, K. (1998) A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel, FL, 144 pp.

    Das, I. (1996) Biogeography of the Reptiles of South Asia. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, 87 pp.

    Das, I. (2004) Lizards of Borneo. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Borneo.

    Datta-Roy, A., Singh, M., Srinivasulu, C. & Karanth K.P. (2012) Phylogeny of the Asian Eutropis (Squamata: Scincidae) reveals an ‘into India’ endemic Indian radiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 63, 817–824.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.022

    Drummond, A.J. & Rambaut, A. (2007) Beast: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 7, 214.
    https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-7-214

    Elmaleh, A., Valet, J.-P., Quidelleur, X., Solihin, A., Bouquerel, H., Tesson, T., Mulyadi, E., Khokhlov, A. & Wirakusumah, A.D. (2004) Palaeosecular variation in Java and Bawean Islands (Indonesia) during the Brunhes chron. Geophys, 157, 441–454.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02197.x

    Felsenstein, J. (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution, 39, 783–791.
    https://doi.org/10.2307/2408678

    Gray, J.E. (1845) Cataloge of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 289 pp.
    https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5499

    Greer, A.E. (1977) The systematics and evolutionary relationships of the scincid lizard genus Lygosoma. Journal of Natural History, 11, 515–540.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937700770451

    Grismer, L.L. (2011) Lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and their adjacent archipelagos. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 728 pp.

    Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41, 95–98.

    Honda, M., Ota, H., Kohler, G., Eneich, I., Chirio, L., Chen, S. & Hikida, T. (2003) Phylogeny of lizard subfamily Lygosominae (Reptilia: Scincidae), with special reference to the origin of new world taxa. Genes & Genetic Systems, 78, 71–80.
    http://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.78.71

    Horton, D.R. (1973) A New scincid Genus from Southeast Asia. Journal of Herpetology, 7, 283–298.
    https://doi.org/10.2307/1563012

    Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Hillis, D.M. (1993) Success of phylogenetic methods in the four-taxon case. Systematic Biology, 42, 247–264.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/42.3.247

    Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogeny. Bioinformatics, 17, 754–755.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754

    Jobb, G., von Haeseler, A. & Strimmer, K. (2004) TREEFINDER: a powerful graphical analysis environment for molecular phylogenetics. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 4, 18.
    https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-4-18

    Malkmus, R., Manthey, U., Vogel, G., Hoffmann, P. & Kosuch, J. (2002) Amphibians and reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). A.R.G. Ganther Verlag, Rugell, 404 pp.

    Mausfeld, P., Vences, M., Schmitz, A. & Veith, M. (2000) First data on molecular phylography of scincid lizards of the genus Mabuya. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 17, 11–14.
    https://doi.org/10.1006/ mpev.2000.0809

    Mausfeld, P., Schmitz, A., Böhme, W., Misof, B., Vrcibradic, D. & Rocha, C.F.D. (2002) Phylogenetic Affinities of Mabuya atlantica Schmidt, 1945, Endemic to the Atlantic Ocean Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha (Brazil): Necessity of Partitioning the Genus Mabuya Fitzinger, 1826 (Scincidae: Lygosominae). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 241, 281–293.
    https://doi.org/10.1078/0044-5231-00081

    Mausfeld, P. & Schmitz, A. (2003) Molecular phylogeography, intraspecific variation and speciation of the Asian scincid lizard genus Eutropis Fitzinger, 1843 (Squamata: Reptilia: Scincidae): taxonomic and biogeographic implications. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 3, 161–171.
    https://doi.org/10.1078/1439-6092-00068

    Mertens, R. (1959). Amphibien und Reptilien von Karimundjawa, Bawean und den Kangean-Inseln. Treubia, 25, 1–15.

    Metcalf, I. (2011) Tectonic framework and Phanerozoic evolution of Sundaland. Gondwana Research, 19, 3–21.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2010.02.016

    Onn, C.K., van Rooijen, J., Grismer, L.L., Belabut, D., Muin, M.A., Akil, M. & Ja, H. (2010) First report on the herpetofauna of Pulau Pangkor, Perak, Malaysia. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 17, 139–146.

    Palumbi, S. R., Martin, A., Romano, S., McMillan, W. O., Stice, L. & Grabowski, G. (1991) The Simple Fool’s Guide to PCR. Version 2.0. Privately published document compiled by S. Palumbi, Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, 94 pp.

    Pellegrino, K.C.M., Rodrigues, M.T., Yonenaga-Yassuda, Y. & Sites, J.W.J. (2001) A molecular perspective on the evolution of microteiid lizards (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), and a new classification for the family. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 74, 315–338.

    https://doi.org/10.1006/bijl.2001.0580

    Peters, W. (1871) Uber neue Reptilien aus Ostafrika und Sarawak (Borneo), vorzüglich aus der Sammlung des Hrn. Marquis J. Doria zu Genua. Mber. k. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, 16 pp. [pp. 566–581]

    Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics, 14, 817–818.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817

    Poyarkov, N.A. Jr., Orlov, N.L., Moiseeva, A.V., Pawangkhanant, P., Ruangsuwan, T., Vassilieva, A.B., Galoyan, E.A., Nguyen, T.T. & Gogoleva, S.S. (2015) Sorting out moss frogs: mtDNA data on taxonomic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of the Indochinese species of the genus Theloderma (Anura, Rhacophoridae). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 22, 241–280.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00404.x

    Poyarkov, N.A. Jr., Rowley, J.J.L., Gogoleva, S.S., Vassilieva, A.B., Galoyan, E.A. & Orlov, N.L. (2015) A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from the western Langbian Plateau, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3931 (2), 221–252.
    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3931.2.3

    Reeder, T.W. & Wiens, J.J. (1996) Evolution of the lizard family Phrynosomatidae as inferred from diverse types of data. Herpetological Monographs, 10, 43–84.
    https://doi.org/10.2307/1466980

    Ronquist, F & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19, 1572–1574.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180

    Sambrook, J., Fritschi, E.F. & Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 1120 pp.

    Sabaj, M.H. (2016) Standard symbolic codes for institutional resource collections in herpetology and ichthyology: an Online Reference. Version 6.5 (16 August 2016). American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Washington D.C. Electronically accessible. Available from: http://www.asih.org/ (accessed 6 March 2017)

    Smith, M.A. (1935) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptiles and Amphibia, Vol. II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, 440 pp.

    Stoliczka, F. (1870) Observations on some Indian and Malayan Amphibia and Reptilia. Journal of Asiatic Society Bengal, 39, 134–228.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937008696209

    Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods. Molecular Biology & Evolution, 28, 2731–2739.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121

    Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D.G. (1997) The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research, 25, 4876–4882.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876

    Venugopal, P.D. (2010) An updated and annotated list of Indian lizards (Reptilia: Sauria) based on a review of distribution records and checklists of Indian reptiles. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 2, 725–738.

    https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o2434.848

    Werner, F. (1896) Zweiter Beitrag zur Herpetologie der indo-orientalischen Region. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 46, 6–24.
    https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.19752

    Whiting Jr., A.S., Sites, J.W., Pellegrino, K.C. & Rodrigues, M.T. (2006) Comparing alignment methods for inferring the history of the new world lizard genus Mabuya (Squamata: Scincidae). Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution, 38, 719–730.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.011

    Whiting, A.S., Bauer, A.M. & Sites, J.W. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships and limb loss in sub-Saharan African Scincine lizards (Squamata: Scincidae). Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution, 29, 582–598.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00142-8