Abstract
The blister beetle (Coleoptera: Meloidae) fauna of Namibia is studied. The species are arranged within a catalogue containing information on their general distribution, including a list of localities and brief taxonomic remarks. Zoogeographic and ecological analyses were carried out and a photographic appendix, with images and maps of almost all Namibian species, is included. According to a chorological analysis, the Namibian blister beetle fauna appears to be zoogeographically distinct because of the dominance of western southern African elements. The faunistic levels of similarity among distinct areas in Namibia are also analysed. Several of the endemic species are related to the xeric ecosystems referable to the Namib Desert, Succulent Karoo and Nama Karoo biomes, but the highest diversity is related to the ecosystems referable to the Savannah biome. A total of 148 species belonging to 28 genera, eight tribes and three subfamilies (Eleticinae, Meloinae, Nemognathinae) are recorded from this southern African country. Five new genera (Namibeletica gen. nov., Eleticinae Eleticini; Dilatilydus gen. nov. and Desertilydus gen. nov., Meloinae Lyttini; Paramimesthes gen. nov. and Namylabris gen. nov, Meloinae Mylabrini) and a total of 13 new species are described: 11 new species from Namibia (Psalydolytta gessi sp.nov., Paramimesthes namibicus sp.nov., Namylabris adamantifera sp.nov., Hycleus arlecchinus sp.nov., H. planitiei sp.nov., H. dvoraki sp.nov., H. aridus sp.nov., H. san sp.nov., Nemognatha fluviatilis sp.nov., “Zonitoschema” deserticola sp.nov., Zonitoschema dunalis sp.nov.); a new Namibeletica from the Angolan Namib (N. angolana) and a new Afrolytta Kaszab, 1959 from the S African Namaqualand (A. namaqua), both close to Namibian borders. Fourty-eight species and the genus Apalus Fabricius, 1775 are recorded for the first time from Namibia, and a few other species from South Africa (1), Zambia (1), Botswana (1) and Congo (1). The following new synonymies are proposed: Lytta pleuralis var. inpleuralis Pic, 1911 = Lydomorphus (Lydomorphus) thoracicus (Erichson, 1843), syn. nov.; Lytta benguellana Pic, 1911 = Prionotolytta melanura (Erichson, 1843), syn. nov.; Actenodia amoena ssp.anthicoides Kaszab, 1955b = Hycleus amoenus (Marseul, 1872), syn. nov.; Decapotoma csikii Kaszab, 1953 = Hycleus benguellanus (Marseul, 1879), syn. nov.; Nemognatha capensis Péringuey, 1909 = Nemognatha peringueyi Fairmaire, 1883, syn. nov. Several new combinations in the genus Hycleus Latreille, 1817 are also established.
References
Allosopp, N., Colville, J.F. & Verboom, G.A. (2014) Fynbos. Ecology and conservation of a megadiverse region. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 382 pp.
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199679584.001.0001Agresti, A. (2010) Analysis of Ordinal Categorical Data. 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 405 pp.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470594001Amore, V. (2005) Ricerche autoecologiche e sinecologiche sui Coleotteri Meloidi della Namibia. Master thesis (tutor M.A. Bologna), University Roma Tre, Rome, 200 pp.
Barnard, P. (Ed.) (1998) Biological diversity in Namibia: a country study. Namibian national Biodiversity Task Force, Windhoek, 532 pp.
Batelka, J. & Bologna, M.A. (2014) A review of the Saharo-Sindian species of the genus Zonitoschema (Coleoptera: Meloidae), with description of new species from Tunisia, Yemen and Socotra Island. In: Hájek, J. & Bezděk, J. (Eds.), Insect biodiversity of the Socotra Archipelago 2. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 54 (Supplement), pp. 241–268.
Betrem, G. (1932) Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Tribus Horiini der familie der Meloidae (Col.).1. Die Systematik der Horiini. Treubia, 14, 85–101, 1 pl.
Biondi, M. (1985) Osservazioni comparative sul comportamento di tre indici di similarità per dati binari. Biogeographia, New Series, 11, 285–292.
Biondi, M. & D’Alessandro, P. (2006) Biogeographical analysis of the flea beetle genus Chaetocnema in the Afrotropical Region: distribution patterns and areas of endemism. Journal of Biogeography , 33, 720–730
Bologna, M.A. (1978) Alcuni Meloidi dell’Africa orientale e meridionale e descrizione di una specie nuova (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Zoological researches in Ethiopia, Part I. Quaderni dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Roma, 243 (1), 137–189.
Bologna, M.A. (1979) Meloidae di Turchia. I Contributo (Coleoptera). Fragmenta Entomologica, 15, 143–199.
Bologna, M.A. (1983) Utilizzazione dei dati biologici nella sistematica dei Meloidae (Coleoptera). Atti del XII Congresso nazionale italiano di Entomologia, Roma, 1980, 2, 21–36.
Bologna, M.A. (1990) Faunistica e zoogeografia dei Meloidae (Coleoptera) della Somalia. Biogeographia, New Series, 13, 375–457.
Bologna, M.A. (1991) Coleoptera Meloidae. Fauna d'Italia. XXVIII. Calderini, Bologna, XIV + 541 pp.
Bologna, M.A. (1994) Coleoptera Meloidae of Sierra Leone. Quaderni dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 267, 357–379.
Bologna, M.A. (2000a) Biodiversity of the Meloidae (Coleoptera) of the Brandberg Massif (Namibia). In: Kirk-Spriggs, A.H. & Marais, E. (Eds.), Daures-Biodiversity of the Brandberg Massif, Namibia. Cimbebasia, Memoir 9, 201–208.
Bologna, M.A. (2000b) Revision of the mylabrine genus Mimesthes Marseul, 1872 (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Europeran Jourmal of Entomology, 97, 75–84.
https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2000.015Bologna, M.A. (2003) Australytta, a new blister beetle genus from Southern Africa (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 39, 139–152.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2003.10697369Bologna, M.A. (2009) Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the Afrotropical tribe Morphozonitini (Coleoptera, Meloidae, Eleticinae) with the description of three new taxa and a key to the genera. African Entomology, 17, 34–42.
https://doi.org/10.4001/003.017.0105Bologna, M.A. & Aloisi, G. (1992) Systematics of Lydomorphus Fairmaire 1882, with a description of the first instar larva of L. dusaulti (Coleoptera Meloidae). Tropical Zoology, 5, 55–71.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.1992.10539182Bologna, M.A. & Di Giulio, A. (2002) Review of the Southern African genus Prolytta Kaszab, with a description of the first instar larva, and bionomic and taxonomic remarks (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 16, 177–194.--
https://doi.org/10.1071/IT01017Bologna, M.A. & Di Giulio, A. (2003) Eggs and first instar larval morphology of Prionotolytta binotata (Péringuey, 1888), an endemic southern African species (Coleoptera, Meloidae). African Entomology, 11, 199–203.
Bologna, M. A., Di Giulio A. (2011) Biological and morphological adaptations in the pre-imaginal phases of the beetle family Meloidae. Atti Accademia Nazionale Italiana di Entomologia, 59, 141–152.
Bologna, M.A. & Laurenzi, M. (1994) Descriptions of the triungulins of Synhoria testacea (Fabricius) and of another undetermined African species (Coleoptera: Meloidae) with data on Horiini larvae. African Entomology, 2, 155–162.
Bologna, M.A. & Pinto, J.D. (1998) A review of the Afrotropical species of Meloe (Coleoptera, Meloidae) with description of first instar larvae, a key to species and an annotated catalogue. Tropical Zoology, 11, 19–59.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.1998.10539352Bologna, M.A. & Pinto, J.D. (2001) Phylogenetic studies of the Meloidae (Coleoptera), with emphasis on the evolution of phoresy. Systematic Entomolomogy, 26, 33–72.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2001.00132.xBologna, M.A. & Pinto, J.D. (2002) The Old World genera of Meloidae (Coleoptera): a key and synopsis. Journal of Natural History, 36, 2013–2102.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930110062318Bologna, M.A. & Turco, F. (2007) The Meloidae (Coleoptera) of the United Arab Emirates with an updating of the Arabian checklist. Zootaxa, 1625, 1–33.
Bologna, M.A., Aloisi, G. & Vigna Taglianti, A. (1990) Phoretic association of some African Cyaneolytta with Carabids, and morphology of first instar larvae in Meloini (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Tropical Zoology, 3, 159–180.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.1990.10539459Bologna, M.A., Fattorini, S. & Pinto, J.D. (2001) Review of the primitive blister beetle genus Iselma with description of the first instar larva (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Meloidae). African Entomology, 9, 105–129.
Bologna, M.A., D'Inzillo, B., Cervelli, M., Oliverio, M. & Mariottini, P. (2005) Molecular phylogenetics of the Mylabrini blister beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 37, 306–311.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.03.034Bologna, M.A., Di Giulio, A. & Pitzalis, M. (2008a) Systematics and biogeography of the genus Actenodia (Coleoptera: Meloidae: Mylabrini). Systematic Entomology, 33, 319–360.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2007.00402.xBologna, M.A., Di Giulio, A. & Pitzalis, M. (2008b) Examples of disjunct distributions between Mediterranean and southern or eastern Africa in Meloidae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea). Biogeographia, New Series, 29, 81–98.
Bologna, M.A., Oliverio, M., Pitzalis, M. & Mariottini, P. (2008c) Phylogeny and evolutionary history of the blister beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 679–693.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.019Bologna, M.A., Turco, F. & Pinto, J.D. (2010) 11.19. Meloidae Gyllenhal 1810. In: Leschen, R.A.B., Beutel, R.G. & Lawrence, J.F. (Vol. Eds.), Coleoptera, Beetles. Vol. 2. Morphology and Systematics (Elateroidea, Bostrichiformia, Cucujiformia partim). In: Kristensen, N.P. & Beutel, R.G. (Eds.), Arthropoda: Insecta. Handbook of Zoology. De Gruyter, Berlin/New York, pp. 681–693.
Bologna, M.A., Turco, F. & Pinto, J.D. (2013) The Meloidae (Coleoptera) of Australasia: a generic review, descriptions of new taxa, and a challenge to the current definition of subfamilies posed by exceptional variation in male genitalia. Invertebrate Systematics, 27, 391–427.
https://doi.org/10.1071/IS12054Borchmann, F. (1928) Neue Meloiden (Col.) aus Damaraland. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 48, 152–154.
Borchmann, F. (1940) Neue Meloiden-Arten (Col.). Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 30, 592–621.
Borchmann, F. (1942) Neue Meloiden-Arten (Col.) II. Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32, 682–712.
Brown, J.H. & Lomolino, M.V. (1998) Biogeography. 2nd Edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, 691 pp.
Carpaneto, G.M. & Piattella, E. (1990) Analisi zoogeografica preliminare dei Coleotteri Scarabeidi della Somalia (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae s.s.tr.). Biogeographia, New Series, 14, 265–292.
Croizat, L. (1968) Introduction raisonnée à la biogéographie de l' Afrique. Memórias da Sociedade Broteriana, 20, 1–451.
Cros, A. (1924) Révision des espèces africaines et orientales des genres Horia Fabr. Et Cissites Latr., avec description de larves inédites. Bulletin de la Royale entomologique d’Egypte, 1924, 24–80.
Cros, A. (1937) Sur une larve Méloide d'espèce inconnue trouvée sur Anthia cavemosa Gerst. Bulletin de la Societe Royale d'Entomologie d'Egypte, 21, 153–166.
Cros, A. (1940) Essai de classification des Meloides algériens. VI Congreso Internacional de Entomologia, Madrid, 1935, 312–338.
De Moor, F.C. (1977) Lectotype designation and a redescription of Cylindrothorax optatus (Peringuey, 1892) (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Arnoldia, 8 (11), 1–4.
Di Giulio, A., Aberlenc, H.P., Vigna Taglianti, A. & Bologna, M.A. (2003) Definition and description of larval types of Cyaneolytta (Coleoptera Meloidae) and new records on their phoretic association with Carabidae (Coleoptera). Tropical Zoology, 16, 165–187.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2003.10531193Di Giulio, A. & Bologna, M.A. (2005) Verso una filogenesi di Ceroctis Marseul, genere a distribuzione afro-mediterranea, tramite lo studio della morfologia larvale (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Proceedings XX Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia, Assisi, 13–18 giugno, 2005, 41.
Di Giulio, A. & Bologna, M.A. (2007) Description of the first instar larva of Euzonitis rubida with remarks on the systematics of the subfamily Nemognathinae (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Entomologica Fennica, 18, 102–109.
Endrödy-Younga, S. (1978) Coleoptera. In: Werger, M.J.A. (Ed.), Biogeography and Ecology of Southern Africa. Vol. 2. Junk, The Hague, pp. 799–821.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9951-0_26Escherich, K. (1897) Revision der palaearktischen Zonitiden, einer Unterfamilie der Meloiden. Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereines in Brünn, 35, 96–132.
Franz, H. & Beier, M. (1970) Die Geographische Verbreitung der Insekten. In: Kükenthal, W. (Ed.) Handbuch für Zoologie, 4 (2), pp. 1–133.
Giess, W. (1971) A preliminary vegetation map of South West Africa. Dinteria, 4, 5–114
Gomes Alves, L. (1961) Meloideos da Guiné portuguesa e de Moçambique. Memórias da Junta de Investigaçoes do ultramar, Series 2, 23, 209–228, 5 tabs.
Griffin, R.E. (1998) Species richness and biogeography of non-acarine arachnids in Namibia. Biodiversity and Conservation, 7, 467–481.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008823527757Holze, H. & Ohm, P. (2002) Patterns of distribution of Afrotropical Chrysopidae. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 48 (Supplement), 121–140.
Irish, J. (1994) The biomes of Namibia, as determined by objective categorisation. Navorsinge van die nasionale Museum Bloemfontein, 10, 549–592.
Kaszab, Z. (1951) Neue Meloiden (Coleoptera) aus Südafrika. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 21, 429–437.
Kaszab, Z. (1952) Über neue un Wenig Bekannte Meloiden aus Südafrika. Annals of the Tramnsvaal Museum, 21, 429–437.
Kaszab, Z. (1953a) Revision der Meloiden-Gattung Cyaneolytta Pér. (Col.). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei nationalis Hungarici, New Series, 4, 81–93.
Kaszab, Z. (1953b) Studien über südafrikanischen Meloiden (Coleoptera). Annals of the South Africa Museum, 40, 61–79.
Kaszab, Z. (1953c) Revision der aethiopischen Arten der Meloiden-Gattung Epicauta Redtb. Acta biologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 4, 481–513.
Kaszab, Z. (1954a) Die aethiopischen Arten der Gattung Zonitis Fabr. (Coleoptera Meloidae). Revue de Zoologie et Botanique africaine, 50, 17–28.
Kaszab, Z. (1954b) Die Arten der Meloiden Gattung Psalydolytta Pér. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1, 69–103.
Kaszab, Z. (1955a) Die Arten der Meloiden-Gattung Cylindrothorax Escher. (Coleoptera). Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis Hungarici, New Series, 6, 225–258.
Kaszab, Z. (1955b) Neue südafrikanische Meloiden (Coleoptera) aus dem Transvaal Museum in Pretoria. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 2, 401–413.
Kaszab, Z. (1955c) Revision der Meloiden-Gattung Eletica Lac. (Coleoptera-Heteromera). Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge Tervuren (Belgique), (in 8°), Sciences Zoologiques, 41, 1–121, 11 pls.
Kaszab, Z. (1956) Coleoptera Meloidae. South African Animal Life. Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950–1951, 3, 273–294.
Kaszab, Z. (1959) Phylogenetische Beziehungen des Flügelgeäders Meloiden (Coleoptera), nebst Beschreibung neuer Gattungen und Arten. Acta zoologica Academiae scientiarum Hungaricae, 5, 67–114.
Kaszab, Z. (1960) Einige neue Meloiden (Coleoptera) des Museums G. Frey. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museums G. Frey, 11, 283–290.
Kaszab, Z. (1966) Revision der Triben Ertliini und Derideini (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei nationalis Hungarici, Pars Zoologia, 58, 343–360.
Kaszab, Z. (1967) Über Prolytta pallidipennis (Haag-R.) und seine verwandten (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, Pars Zoologica, 59, 284–289.
Kaszab, Z. (1969a) Eine neue Paractenodia-Art (Col. Meloidae) aus der wüste Namib. Scientific Papers of the Namib Desert Research Station, 50, 119–121.
Kaszab, Z. (1969b) The system of the Meloidae (Coleoptera). Memorie della Società entomologica italiana, 48, 241–248.
Kaszab, Z. (1978) Neue Meloiden aus Asien, Afrika uns Südamerika (Coleoptera). Acta Zoologica Academiae scientiarum hungaricae, 24, 331–342.
Kaszab, Z. (1981) Faunistische und taxonomische studien über Meloiden (Coleoptera). Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis Hungarici, 73, 159–181.
Kaszab, Z. (1983) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Coleoptera: Fam. Meloidae – A synopsis of the Arabian Meloidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 5, 144– 204.
Krijgsman, W., Hilgen, F.J., Raffi, I., Sierro, F.J. & Wilson, D.S. (1999) Chronology, causes and progression of the Messinian salinity crisis. Nature, 400, 652–655.
https://doi.org/10.1038/23231La Greca, M. (1964) Le categorie corologiche degli elementi faunistici italiani. Memorie della Società entomologica italiana, 43, 147–165.
La Greca, M. (1970) Considérations sur le peuplement animal terrestre de l’Afrique. Colloques sur le peuplement de l’Afrique. Comptes Rendus de la Société de Biogéographie, 409, 5–53.
La Greca, M. (1990) Considerazioni sul popolamento animale dell’Africa Orientale. Biogeographia, New Series, 14, 541–578.
Lamm, K.S. & Redelings, B.D. (2009) Reconstructing ancestral ranges in historical biogeography: properties and prospects Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 47, 369–382.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-6831.2009.00042.xMacSwain, J.W. (1956) A classification of the first instar larvae of the Meloidae (Coleoptera). University of California Publications in Entomology, 12, i–iv, 1–182.
Mansell, M.W. (2002) Monitoring Lacewings (Insecta: Neuropteran) in Southern Africa Acta Zoologica Acadenmiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 48 (Supplement 2), 165–173.
Mansell, M.W. & Erasmus, B.F.N. (2002) Southern African biomes and the evolution of Palparini (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 48 (Supplement 2), 175–184.
Marseul, S. A. de (1872) Monographie des Mylabrides. Mémoires de la Société royale des Sciences de Liège, 363–662, 9 pls.
Marseul, S.A. de (1879) Etudes sur les Insectes d’Angola qui se trouvent au Muséum National de Lisbonne. Journal de Sciences mathématiques, physiques et naturelles, 25, 43–67.
Mendelsohn, J. (2002) Atlas of Namibia: a portrait of the land and its people. New Africa Books (Pty) Ltd., Cape Town, 200 pp.
Meyers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B. & Kents, J. (2000) Biodiversity hot spots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853–858.
https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501Montalto, F. (2005) I Coleotteri Meloidae della Namibia: faunistica, biogeografia e studi tassonomici preliminari. Ms. thesis (tutor M.A. Bologna). University Roma Tre, Rome, 218 + 53 pp.
Moreau, R.E. (1952) Africa since the Mesozoic: with particular reference to certain biological problems. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 121, 869–913.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1952.tb00789.xMorrone, J.J. (2014) On biotas and their names. Systematics and Biodiversity, 12, 386–392.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.942717Pan, Z., Ren, G.-D., Wang, X.-P. & Bologna, M.A. (2013) Revision of the genus Pseudabris Fairmaire (Coleoptera, Meloidae), an endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, with biogeographic comments. Systematic Entomology, 38, 134–150.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00651.xPan, Z., Carosi, M. & Bologna, M.A. (2014) A new Eastern Asian Hycleus and key to the Chinese species of the phaleratus group (Coleoptera, Meloidae, Mylabrini). Zookeys, 463, 11–19.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.463.8261Pardo Alcaide, A. (1954) Études sur les Meloidae. V. Les Mylabrini du Maroc et du Sahara occidental espagnol (Col. Meloidae). Bulletin de la Société de Sciences naturelles et physiques du Maroc, 34, 55–88.
Pardo Alcaide, A. (1955) Estudios sobre Meloidae VI. Sobre algunos Mylabris (s. lat.) de la región etiópica Bulletin de l’Institut royal de Sciences naturelles du Belgique, 31 (49), 1–32.
Pardo Alcaide, A. (1958a) Études sur les Meloidae (Col.). IX. Observations sur quelques Mylabris (s.l.) des régions éthiopienne et orientale. Bulletin de l’Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 35 (13), 1–39.
Pardo Alcaide, A. (1958b) Études sur Meloidae (Col.) X. Quelques Mylabris nouveaux ou intéressants de la faune ethiopienne. Bollettino del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Trieste, 21, 63–76.
Pardo Alcaide, A. (1963) Coléoptères Méloïdes récoltés par M. J. Mateu dans l’Ennedi et au Tchad. Etudes sur les Meloidae, XII. Bulletin de l’Institut fondamental de l’Afrique Noire, (A), 25, 572–588.
Pardo Alcaide, A. (1966) Contribution à le faune du Congo (Brazzaville). Mission A. Villiers et A. Descarpentries. XXX. Coléoptères Meloïdae. Bulletin de l’Institut fondamental de l’Afrique Noire, (A), 38, 1196–1207.
Pardo Alcaide, A. (1968) Étude sur les Meloidae. XX. Sur le Genre Gorrizia Pardo et une nouvelle espèce soudanaise du group du brunnipes (Klug). EOS, Revista Española de Entomologia, 43, 623–629.
Pardo Alcaide, A. (1969) Études sur les Meloidae. XXI.Matèriaux pour une révision des Mylabrides de l’Afrique du Nord et du Moyen orient (2e partie). EOS, Revista Española de Entomologia, 54, 367–376.
Péringuey, L. (1886) Second contribution to the South-African Coleopterous Fauna. Transactions of South African Philosophical Society, 4, 67–194.
https://doi.org/10.1080/21560382.1884.9526202Péringuey, L. (1892) Third and fourth contributions to the South African Coleopterous Fauna. Transactions of South African Philosophical Society, 6, 1–94.
https://doi.org/10.1080/21560382.1889.9526255Péringuey, L. (1899) Fifth contribution to the South African Coleopterous Fauna. Annals of the South African Museum, 1, 240–329.
Péringuey, L. (1904) Sixth Contribution to the South-African Coleopterous Fauna. Description of new Species of Coleoptera of the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum, 3, 167–300.
Péringuey, L. (1909) Descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera of South Africa Family Meloidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 1, 165–297, 4 pls.
Pic, M. (1908) 8. Melyridae, Ptinidae, Mylabridae und Bruchidae. In. Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im Westlichen und Zentralen Südafrika. Vol.13. Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft zu Jena, Denkschriften pp.139–142.
Pic, M. (1911a) Diagnoses préliminaires de 30 Coléoptères exotiques. L’Echange, 27 (316), 122–124.
Pic, M. (1911b) Coléoptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. L’Echange, 27 (316), 127–128, 149–152.
Pic, M. (1915) Nouveautés rentrant dans diverses familles. Mélanges-exotique-entomologique, 14, 2–20.
Pic, M. (1931) Nouveaux Vésicants de la region du Congo. Revue de Zoologie ete Botanique Africaine, 21, 95–99.
Pic, M. (1941) Notes diverses, nouveautés. L’Echange, 52, 29–30.
Pinto, J.D., Bologna, M.A. & Bouseman, J.K. (1996) First-instar larvae, courtship and oviposition in Eletica: amending the definition of the Meloidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea). Systematic Entomology, 21, 63–74.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1996.tb00599.xPitzalis, M. (2007) Analisi filogenetica e biogeografica con approccio multidisciplinare: il fenomeno dell’endemizzazione nei Coleotteri Meloidi dell’Africa sud-occidentale, un hotspot della biodiversità. Ph.D. Thesis in Biology, University Roma Tre, Rome, 173 + 29 pp.
Pitzalis, M. & Bologna, M.A. (2008) Taxonomy and faunistics of the southern African genus Iselma, with the description of nine new species (Coleoptera: Meloidae: Eleticinae). Zootaxa, 1876, 39–59.
Pitzalis, M. & Bologna, M.A. (2010) Time of diversification in the Cape fauna endemisms inferred by phylogenetic studies of the genus Iselma (Coleoptera: Meloidae: Eleticinae). Systematic Entomology, 35, 739–752.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00530.xPitzalis, M., Amore, V., Montalto, F., Luiselli, L. & Bologna, M.A. (2014) Rarity of blister beetles in Southern Africa correlates with their phylogeny and trophic habits, but not body size. European Journal of Entomology, 111, 529–535.
https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2014.058Pitzalis, M., Amore, V., Montalto, F., Luiselli, L. & Bologna, M. (2016) What is driving the community structure of insects in arid ecosystem of Southern Africa? An example with blister beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Tropical Zoology, 29, 16–43.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2016.1142308Pitzalis, M., Montalto, F., Amore, V., Luiselli, L. & Bologna, M.A. (2017) The effects of biome and spatial scale on the Co-occurrence patterns of a group of Namibian beetles. Acta Oecologica, 83, 29–37.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2017.06.005Robertson, A., Jarvis, A.M., Brown, C.J. & Simmons, R.E. (1998) Avian diversity and endemism in Namibia: patterns from the Southern African Bird Atlas Project. Biodiversity & Conservation, 7, 495–511.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008827628666Schmidt, K. (1913) Zur Kenntnis der äthiopisch-afrikanischen Meloeformen (Coleopt.), Entomologische Zeitung herausgegeben von dem Entomologische Vereines zu Stettin, 74, 327–339.
Schultze, L. (Ed.) (1908) Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im Westlichen und Zentralen Südafrika. Vol.13. Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft zu Jena, Denkschriften, 494 pp.
Seely, M.K. (1990) Namib Ecology: 25 years of Namib research. Transvaal Research Monograph, 7, 1–230.
Seely, M. (Ed.) (2012) Namib Sand Sea World Heritage Nomination. Namibia National Committee for World Heritage, Windhoek, 195 pp.
Selander, R.B. (1964) Sexual behavior in blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) I. The genus Pyrota. The Canadian Entomologist, 96, 1037–1081.
https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent961037-8Selander, R.B. (1966) A classification of the genera and higher taxa of the meloid subfamily Eleticinae (Coleoptera). The Canadian Entomologist, 98, 449–481.
https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent98449-5Selander, R.B. (1986) An annotated catalog and summary of bionomics of blister beetles of the genus Cyaneolytta (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 112, 95–128.
Selander, R.B. (1988a) An annotated catalog and summary of bionomics of blister beetles of the genus Cylindrothorax (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 114, 15–70.
Selander, R.B. (1988b) An annotated catalog and a summary of bionomics of blister beetles of the genus Psalydolytta (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Insecta Mundi, 2, 1–15.
Selander, R.B. & Laurense, A.A. (1987) On the imature stages of Psalydolytta fusca (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 89, 489–499.
Selander, R.B. (1991) On the nomenclature and classification of the Meloidae (Coleoptera). Insecta Mundi, 5, 65–94.
Sindaco, R., Venchi, A., Carpaneto, G.M. & Bologna, M.A. (2000) The reptiles of Anatolia: a checklist and zoogeographical analysis. Biogeographia, New Series, 21, 441–554.
Tyson, P.D. (1978) Rainfall change over South Africa during a period of meteorological record. In: Werger, M.J.A. (Ed.), Biogeography and Ecology of Southern Africa. Vol. 1. W. Junk, The Hague, pp. 53–69.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9951-0_3Vigna Taglianti, A., Audisio, P.A., Biondi, M., Bologna, M.A., Carpaneto, G.M., De Biase, A., Fattorini, S., Piattella, E., Sindaco, R., Venchi, A. & Zapparoli, M. (2000) A proposal for a chorotype classification of the Near East fauna, in the framework of the Western Palearctic region. Biogeographia, New Series, 20, 31–59.
Wallace, R. (1876) The geographical distribution of animals. MacMillan, London, xxiv + 503 pp.
Wellman, F.C. (1908) On the Meloidae of Angola. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 60, 600–624.
Werger, M.J.A. (Ed.) (1978) Biogeography and Ecology of Southern Africa. Junk, The Hague, XVI + 1439 pp.
White, F. (1983) The vegetation of Africa. Unesco, Paris, 383 pp., 4 maps