Abstract
Three species of Conocephalus and two of Euxiphidion from several localities of the Central-West Region of Brazil were studied. Conocephalus goianus Piza, 1977, C. saltator (Saussure, 1859) and C. versicolor (Redtenbacher, 1891) are recorded for the first time from Mato Grosso do Sul, one new species Euxiphidion veroni sp. nov. is described, and a new combination, Euxiphidion caizanum comb. nov. is proposed. The calling songs of C. saltator, C. versicolor, and E. veroni sp. nov. are described. All these three species call very continuously, also in the daytime. The three species of Conocepha-lus have mitotic metaphases with 2n♂ = 33 = 32 + X and 2n♀ = 34 = 32 + XX. Euxiphidion caizanum comb. nov. and E. veroni sp. nov. have 2n♂ = 31 = 30 + X and 2n♀ = 32 = 30 + XX. Most of the autosomes of C. saltator and C. versicolor are meta/submetacentric, differing from C. goianus that has seven biarmed and nine monoarmed autosomes. Both Euxiphidion species present mostly telo/subtelocentric autosomes. The X chromosome is metacentric, and the largest element of the karyotype in the five species. No interstitial telomeric site (ITS) was observed in mitotic metaphases submitted to telomeric fluorescent in situ hybridization. Ecological aspects of the studied species are discussed.
References
Araujo, D., Rheims, C.A., Brescovit, A.D. & Cella, D.M. (2008) Extreme degree of chromosome number variability in species of the spider genus Scytodes (Araneae, Haplogynae, Scytodidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 46, 89–95.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2007.00457.x
Asana, J.J., Makino, S. & Niiyama, H. (1938) A chromosomal survey of Indian insects. 1. morphology of the chromosomes in eight species of the Locustidae. Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido University, 6, 221–234.
Bruner, L. (1915) Notes on tropical American Tettigonoidea (Locustodea). Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 9 (3–4), 284–404.
Chamorro-Rengifo, J., Olivier, R.S. & Araujo, D. (2016) Bucrates lanista Rehn 1918 (Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae): The first record from the Brazilian Pantanal, the first description of the male, the first karyotypic report for the genus, and the first telomeric hybridization of the subfamily. Zoological Science, 33 (5), 537–544.
https://doi.org/10.2108/zs150176
Cigliano, M.M., Braun, H., Eades, D.C. & Otte, D. (2017) Orthoptera Species File. Version 5.0/5.0. Available from: http://Orthoptera.SpeciesFile.org (accessed 8 November 2017)
De Geer, C. (1773) Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des insectes. P. Hesselberg, Stockholm, 696 pp.
Fabricius, J.C. (1793) Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. Proft & Storch, Hafniae (Copenhagen), 572 pp.
Genet, M.D., Cartwrirght, I.M. & Kato, T.A. (2013) Direct DNA and PNA probe binding to telomeric regions without classical in situ hybridization. Molecular Cytogenetics, 6 (Article ID 42), 1–5.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1755-8166-6-42.
Giglio-Tos, E. (1897) Viaggio del Dott. A. Borelli nel Chaco boliviano e nella Republica Argentina. X. Ortotteri. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino, 12 (302), 1–47.
Green, D.M. & Sessions, S.K. (1991) Appendix I, Nomenclature for chromosomes. In: Green, D.M. & Sessions, S.K. (Eds.), Amphibian cytogenetics and evolution. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 431–432.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-297880-7.50021-4Haan, W. (1843) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Orthoptera. Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlansche Overzeesche Bezittingen, 19/20, 165–228.
Hareyama, S. (1932) On the chromosomes of some insects belonging to Locustidae. Zoological Magazine, 44, 83–84.
Hareyama, S. (1939) Variation of the chromosome number in the Locustidae. Zoological Magazine, 51, 124–125.
Hareyama, S. (1941) Studies on the chromosomes in Locustidae. Journal of the Hiroshima University, Series B, 9, 1–157.
Hemp., C, Heller, K.G., Kehl, S., Warchałowska-Śliwa, E., Wägele, J.W. & Hemp, A. (2010) The Phlesirtes complex (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae, Conocephalini) reviewed: integrating morphological, molecular, chromosomal, and bioacoustic data. Systematic Entomology, 35, 554–580.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00512.x
Latreille, P.A. (1804) Histoire Naturelle, genérale et particuliere, des Crustacés et des Insectes. F. Dufart, Paris, 424 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.15764
Le Guillou, E.J.F. (1841) Description des orthoptères nouveaux, recueillis pendant son voyage de circumnavigation sur la corvette la Zélée. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée, 1841, 291–295.
Levan, A., Fredga, K. & Sandberg, A.A. (1964) Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas, 52, 201–220.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1964.tb01953.x
Kim, D.H., Lee, J.W. & Park, W.H. (1987) A cytotaxonomic study of six species of the Korean Orthoptera. Korean Journal of Entomology, 17 (4), 215–223.
King, R.L. (1924) Material for demonstration of accessory chromosomes. Science, 60 (1555), 362–363.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.60.1555.362
Makino, S. (1951) An atlas of the chromosome number in animals. Ames: Iowa State College, 1, 98–99.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7295McClung, C.E. (1908) The spermatogenesis of Xiphidium fasciatum. Kansas University Science Bulletin, 4 (11), 255–262.
Morse, A.P. (1901) New North American Orthoptera. Canadian Entomologist, 33 (5), 129–131.
https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent33129-5
Naskrecki, P. (2000) Katydids of Costa Rica. Vol. 1. Systematics and bioacoustics of the cone-head katydids Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae sensu lato. The Orthopterists’ Society at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, iv + 164 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.270035Piza, S.T. (1977) Alguns novos tettigoniídeos brasileiros. Revista de Agricultura, 52 (2–3), 65–70.
Ohmachi, F. (1939) Chromosomes and taxonomy in the subfamily Xiphidiinae. Japanese Journal of Genetics, 15, 343–344.
https://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.15.343Ohmachi, F. & Sokame, C. (1935) On the taxonomical significance of the chromosomes in the genus Xiphidion. Japanese Journal of Genetics, 11, 197–198.
https://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.11.197Rasband, W.S. (2017) ImageJ, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD. Available from: https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/ (accessed 8 November 2017)
Redtenbacher, J. (1891) Monographie der Conocephaliden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 41, 315–562.
Rehn, J.A.G. & Hebard, M. (1915) Studies in American Tettigoniidae VI. A synopsis of the species of the genus Conocephalus found in America South of the Southern border of the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 41, 225–290.
Rentz, D.C.F. (2010) A guide to the katydids of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, x + 214 pp.
Ribeiro, J.F. & Walter, B.M.T. (1998) Fitofisionomias do bioma Cerrado. In: Sano, S.M. & Almeida, S.P. (Eds.), Cerrado: Ambiente e Flora. Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, Brasília, DF, pp. 89–166.
Sakamoto, Y. & Zacaro, A.A. (2009) LEVAN, an ImageJ plugin for morphological cytogenetic analysis of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes. National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD. Available from: http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/ (accessed 08 November 2017)
Saussure, H. (1859) Orthoptera Nova Americana (Diagnoses praeliminares). Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée, 2 (11), 201–394.
Thunberg, C.P. (1815) Hemipterorum maxillosorum genera illustrata plurimisque novis speciebus ditata ac descripta. Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg, 5, 211–301.
Walker, F. (1869) Catalogue of the specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum. British Museum of Natural History, 2, 225–423.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8149Warchałowska-Śliwa, E. (1984) Karyological studies on polish Orthoptera species of the Tettigonioidea superfamily. I. Karyotypes of families: Eppiphigeridae, Phaneropteridae, Meconemidae, Conocephalidae. Folia Biologica, 32 (3), 253–269.
Warchałowska-Śliwa, E. (1998) Karyotype characteristics of katydid orthopterans (Ensifera, Tettigoniidae), and remarks on their evolution at different taxonomic levels. Folia Biologica, 46 (3–4), 143–176.