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Issue: Vol. 43 No. 1: 30 June 2021
Type: Article
Published: 2021-06-30
DOI: 10.11646/bde.43.1.6
Page range: 14–71
Abstract views: 1469
PDF downloaded: 657

Checklist of fossil liverworts suitable for calibrating phylogenetic reconstructions

Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institute de Systematique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205), 75005 Paris, France
Amber Study Group, c/o Geological-Palaeontological Institute and Museum (CeNak) of the University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Department of Biology I, Systematic Botany and Mycology, Geobio-Center, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 Munich, Germany
Gantz Family Collections Center, Science & Education, Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA
Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276 Russia
Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
Mittlere Letten 11, 88634 Herdwangen-Schönach, Germany
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, 169, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang, 20131, Chonburi, Thailand
Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
Amber Cenozoic Cretaceous divergence time estimates fossil bryophytes leafy liverworts molecular paleontology

Abstract

The number of available liverwort fossils substantially increased within the past decade, which is mainly due to new findings from Cretaceous and Cenozoic amber deposits. Many of them, however, are fragmentary and not predestined for consideration in evolutionary analyses. Here, we list those liverwort fossils that we suggest as suitable for calibrating phylogenetic reconstructions, along with brief descriptions, justification of their use, and age information. Our recommendations are based on thorough microscopic investigation of available fossils from worldwide amber collections including recent findings. We recommend that the following 42 fossil taxa can be used as confident minimum age constraints in phylogenetic reconstructions: Acrolejeunea ucrainica (35 Ma), Anastrophyllum rovnoi (35 Ma), Bazzania polyodus (34 Ma), Blepharolejeunea obovata (15 Ma), the genus Bryopteris with B. bispinosa and B. succinea (15 Ma), Calypogeia stenzeliana (34 Ma), Cephaloziella nadezhdae (35 Ma), the genus Ceratolejeunea with C. antiqua, C. palaeomexicana, and C. sublaetefusca (15 Ma), Cheilolejeunea latiloba (34 Ma), Cheirorhiza brittae (158 Ma), Cololejeunea sp. (15 Ma), Cyclolejeunea archaica (15 Ma), Dibrachiella grollei (15 Ma), Diettertia montanensis (112 Ma), Drepanolejeunea eogena (15 Ma), the genus Frullania with F. baerlocheri, F. cretacea, and F. partita (99 Ma), Frullania subgen. Frullania with F. casparyi (34 Ma) and F. riclefgrollei (35 Ma), F. subgen. Trachycolea with F. rovnoi (35 Ma) and F. schumannii (34 Ma), Gackstroemia cretacea (99 Ma), Geocalyx heinrichsii (34 Ma), the genus Lejeunea with L. hamatiloba, L. miocenica, L. resinata, and L. urbanioides (15 Ma), Lopholejeunea subnigricans (15 Ma), Marchantites cyathodoides (228 Ma), Marchesinia brachiata (15 Ma), Metzgeriothallus sharonae (383 Ma), Microlejeunea nyiahae (52 Ma), Neurolejeunea macrostipula (15 Ma), Nipponolejeunea europaea (34 Ma), Notoscyphus balticus (34 Ma), Odontoschisma (sect. Iwatsukia) dimorpha (34 Ma), Plagiochila groehnii (34 Ma), Porella subgrandiloba (34 Ma), Protolophozia kutscheri (34 Ma), Radula (subgen. Odontoradula) cretacea (99 Ma), R. (subgen. Amentuloradula) heinrichsii (99 Ma), Scapania hoffeinsiana (34 Ma), Solenostoma berendtii (34 Ma), Spruceanthus polonicus (34 Ma), Stictolejeunea squamata (15 Ma), Tetralophozia groehnii (34 Ma), Thysananthus auriculatus (15 Ma), Thysananthus contortus (34 Ma). Furthermore, we transfer Lophozia kutscheri to Protolophozia, Archilejeunea grollei to Dibrachiella, Frullania ucrainica to Acrolejeunea, and Mastigolejeunea extincta to Spruceanthus, based on new fossil evidence and morphological revisions.

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