Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 1 No. 3: September 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-09-26
DOI: 10.11646/mesozoic.1.3.4
Page range: 235-254
Abstract views: 470
PDF downloaded: 137

Investigation of Cretodorus (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Mimarachnidae) based on new adult and nymph fossils from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber

Section Palaeontology, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany; School of GeoSciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei 430100 China
Section Palaeontology, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany; Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Charles University, Prague 12843, Czech Republic; Senckenberg Forschungsstation Grube Messel, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt/M, Messel, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing 210008, China
Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing 210008, China; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Biocenter, Großhaderner Str. 2 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP50, 50 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France
Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology and Museum of Amber Inclusions, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PL80–308, Poland
Department of Palaeontology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, 19300, Prague 9, Czech Republic
Department of Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Myanmar Gems Museum, Nay Pyi Taw 15011, Myanmar
Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology and Museum of Amber Inclusions, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, PL80–308, Poland
Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha Mimarachnidae Planthopper Burmese amber Fossil Morphometrics Insecta

Abstract

Here we report a new species, Cretodorus lijuanae sp. nov., of extinct Mimarachnidae from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. C. lijuanae sp. nov. was described based on one adult and three nymphal fossils. The new adult specimen exhibits the diagnostic features of Cretodorus and possesses a unique number and arrangement of sensory pits in the pronotum: nine sensory pits on one side, with five sensory pits between median and pronotal carinae and four sensory pits between lateral carina and margin, which is consistent in the nymphs. We also conduct morphometric analyses of forewings of all known species of Cretodorus, demonstrating that morphometrics are effectively discriminative for identifying Cretodorus fossils featuring few longitudinal veins and minimal differences in venation. Additionally, we report the nymphal fossils of Mimarachnidae for the first time. Three nymphal fossils, preserved in the same piece of amber alongside the adult specimen, exhibit the same nodule pattern on the thoracic notum in dorsal view, suggesting a feature linking adult and nymph of Mimarachnidae. These new specimens show morphological characteristics of the different developmental stages of C. lijuanae sp. nov., increasing the diversity of the Mimarachnidae in mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar. The preservation of three nymphs of the same age with an adult in the same piece of amber likely indicates aggregation behaviour in Mimarachnidae.

References

  1. Bengtsson, J. (2008) Aggregation in non-social insects: an evolutionary analysis. Växtskyddsbiologi, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet. Alnarp, Sweden, 1–18.
  2. Bourgoin, T., Wang, R.R., Asche, M., Hoch, H., Soulier-Perkins, A., Stroiński, A., Yap, S. & Szwedo, J. (2015) From micropterism to hyperpterism: recognition strategy and standardized homology-driven terminology of the forewing venation patterns in planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Zoomorphology, 134, 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-014-0243-6
  3. Bourgoin, T. & Szwedo J. (2022) Toward a new classification of planthoppers Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha: 1. What do Fulgoridiidae really cover? Annales Zoologici, 72 (4), 951–962. https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2022.72.4.011
  4. Bourgoin, T. & Szwedo, J. (2023) Toward a new classification of planthoppers Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha: 2. Higher taxa, their names and their composition. Zootaxa, 5297 (4), 562–568. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.5
  5. Bräunig, P., Krumpholz, K. & Baumgartner, W. (2012) Sensory pits-Enigmatic sense organs of the nymphs of the planthopper Issus coleoptratus (Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoromorpha). Arthropod Structure & Development, 41 (5), 443–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2012.06.001
  6. Brysz, A.M. & Szwedo, J. (2019) Jeweled Achilidae—a new look at their systematics and relation to other Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera). Monographs of the Upper Silesian Museum, 19, 983–130. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3600279
  7. Bucher, M., Gignoux, G., Szwedo, J. & Bourgoin, T. (2024) Time-traveling through fossil planthopper tegmina in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Palaeoentomology 7 (1), 1–67. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.7.1.1
  8. Cruickshank, R.D. & Ko, K. (2003) Geology of an amber locality in the Hukawng Valley, Northern Myanmar. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 21 (5), 441–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00044-5
  9. Emeljanov, A.F. (2000) Larval characters and their ontogenetic development in Fulgoroidea (Homoptera, Cicadina). Zoosystematica Rossica, 9, 101–121.
  10. Emeljanov, A.F. & Shcherbakov, D.E. (2011) A new genus and species of Dictyopharidae (Homoptera) from Rovno and Baltic amber based on nymphs. Zookeys, 130, 175–184. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1775
  11. Emeljanov, A.F. & Shcherbakov, D.E. (2018) The longest-nosed Mesozoic Fulgoroidea (Homoptera): a new family from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Far Eastern entomologist, 354, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.354.1
  12. Emeljanov, A.F. & Shcherbakov, D.E. (2020) A new genus of Dictyopharidae (Homoptera) from Bitterfeld amber based on a nymph. Far Eastern entomologist, 403, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.403.1
  13. Fabrikant, D., Huang, D.Y., Haug, C., Haug, J.T. & Fu, Y.Z. (2024) Morphological features of the Upper Cretaceous planthopper Mimaeurypterus burmiticus suggest specialization for cryptic camouflage on tree bark. Mesozoic, 1 (2), 125–131. https://doi.org/10.11646/mesozoic.1.2.4
  14. Fu, Y.Z. & Huang, D.Y. (2020) New data on fossil mimarachnids (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Fulgoroidea) in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Palaeoentomology, 3 (3), 317–331. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.3.3.12
  15. Haug, C., Haug, J.T., Haug, G.T., Müller, P., Zippel, A., Kiesmüller, C., Gauweiler, J. & Hörnig, M.K. (2024) Fossils in Myanmar amber demonstrate the diversity of anti-predator strategies of Cretaceous holometabolan insect larvae. iScience, 27 (1), 108621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.108621
  16. Hörnig, M.K., Haug, C., Müller, P. & Haug, J.T. (2022) Not quite social—possible cases of gregarious behaviour of immatures of various lineages of Insecta in 100-million-year-old amber. Bulletin of Geosciences, 97 (1), 69–87. https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1818
  17. Jell, P.A. (1993) Late Triassic homopterous nymph from Dinmore, Ipswich Basin. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 33 (1), 360 pp.
  18. Jiang, H., Tomaschek, F., Muscente, A. D., Niu, C., Nyunt, T.T., Fang, Y., Schmidt, U., Chen, J., Lönartz, M., Mähler, B., Wappler, T., Jarzembowski, E.A., Szwedo, J., Zhang, H., Rust, J. & Wang, B. (2022) Widespread mineralization of soft-bodied insects in Cretaceous amber. Geobiology, 20 (3), 363–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12488
  19. Jiang, H., Chen, J. & Szwedo, J. (2023) A new Jaculistilus species of Mimarachnidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar, with geometric morphometric analysis of the mimarachnid genera. Cretaceous Research, 141, 105368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105368
  20. Jiang, H., Szwedo, J., Labandeira, C.C., Chen, J., Moulds, M.S., Mähler, B., Muscente, A.D., Zhuo, D., Nyunt, T.T., Zhang, H., Wei, C., Rust, J. & Wang, B. (2024) Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding. Nature Communications, 15, 376pp. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44446-x
  21. Jiang, T., Szwedo, J. & Wang, B. (2018) A giant fossil Mimarachnidae planthopper from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha). Cretaceous Research, 89, 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.03.020
  22. Kron, C. (2020) Keep an Eye Out for the Spotted Lanternfly. Retail Nursery & Garden Center IPM News, 10 (2), Summer 2020.
  23. Krstić, O., Cvrković, T., Mitrović, M., Toševski, I. & Jović, J. (2016) Dictyophara europaea (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae): description of immatures, biology and host plant associations. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 106 (3), 395–405. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485316000067
  24. Liu, X.J., Luo, C.H., Song, Z.S. & Xiao, C.T. (2023) Cretodorus multifoveatus sp. nov., a new species of Mimarachnidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidea) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar. Cretaceous Research, 144, 105442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105442
  25. Luo, C.H., Wang, B., & Jarzembowski, E.A. (2021) A bizarre planthopper nymph (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Insects, 12 (4), 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12040318
  26. Mengel, L., Linhart, S., Haug, G.T., Weiterschan, T., Müller, P., Hoffeins, C., Hoffeins, H.-W., Baranov, V., Haug, C. & Haug, J.T. (2023) The morphological diversity of dragon lacewing larvae (Nevrorthidae, Neuroptera) changed more over geological time scales than anticipated. Insects, 14 (9), 749. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14090749
  27. Nel, A., Prokop, J., Nel, P., Grandcolas, P., Huang, D.Y., Roques, P., Guilbert, E., Dostál, O. & Szwedo, J. (2012) Traits and evolution of wing venation pattern in paraneopteran insects. Journal of Morphology, 273 (5), 480–506. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.11036
  28. Ortega-Gómez, A., Selfa, J., Sendra A. & Hoch, H. (2022) Postembryonic development of the troglobitic planthopper species Valenciolenda fadaforesta Hoch & Sendra, 2021 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Kinnaridae), with a key to nymphal instars. Subterranean Biology, 44, 51–68. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.44.85604
  29. Schubnel, T., Desutter-Grandcolas, L., Legendre, F., Prokop, J., Mazurier, A., Garrouste, R., Grandcolas, P. & Nel, A. (2019) To be or not to be: postcubital vein in insects revealed by microtomography. Systematic Entomology, 45 (2), 327–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12399
  30. Sforza, R.F., Bourgoin, T., Wilson, S.W. & Boudon-Padieu, É. (1999) Field observations, laboratory rearing and descriptions of immatures of the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). European Journal of Entomology, 96 (4), 409–418.
  31. Shcherbakov, D.E. (2007) An extraordinary new family of Cretaceous planthoppers (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Russian Entomological Journal, 16 (2), 139–154.
  32. Shi, G., Grimaldi, D. A., Harlow, G. E., Wang, J., Wang, J., Yang, M., Lei, W., Li, Q. & Li, X. (2012) Age constraint on Burmese amber based on U-Pb dating of zircons. Cretaceous Research, 37, 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.014
  33. Stöckmann, M., Biedermann, R., Nickel, H. & Niedringhaus, R. (2013) The nymphs of the planthoppers and leafhoppers of Germany. WABV, Fründ, Scheeßel, 419 pp.
  34. Szwedo, J. (2007a) Nymphs of a new family Neazoniidae fam. n. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber. African Invertebrates, 48 (1), 127–143.
  35. Szwedo, J. (2007b) First discovery of Neazoniidae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) in the Early Cretaceous amber of Archingeay, SW France. Geodiversitas, 31 (1), 105–116.
  36. Waters, W.E. (1959) A quantitative measure of aggregation in insects. Journal of Economic Entomology, 52 (6), 1180–1184. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/52.6.1180
  37. Wilson, S.W. & Tsai, J.H. (1984) Ormenaria rufifascia (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Flatidae): Descriptions of nymphal instars and notes on field biology. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 92 (4), 307–315.
  38. Wilson, S.W. & Tsai, J.H. (1982) Descriptions of the immature stages of Myndus crudus (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 90, 166–175.
  39. Yang, C.T. & Yeh, W.B. (1994) Nymphs of Fulgoroidea (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha) with descriptions of two new species and notes on adults of Dictyopharidae. Chinese Journal of Entomology, 8, 1–189.
  40. Zenner, G.H., Stöckmann, M. & Niedringhaus, R. (2005) Preliminary key to the nymphs of the families and subfamilies of the German Auchenorrhyncha fauna (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha). Beiträge zur Zikadenkunde, 8, 59–78.
  41. Zhang, X., Yao, Y.Z., Ren, D. & Pang, H. (2021) A new species of Cretodorus (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidea: Mimarachnidae) from Upper Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. Cretaceous Research, 128, 104988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104988