Abstract
In this work, we describe a new species of Ludwigia from southern Brazil. We provide a detailed morphological account, field photographs and a distribution map. We also discuss the morphology and taxonomy of the new species in relation to morphologically similar species and assess its conservation status. Finally, we typify the name L. myrtifolia, which refers to the species morphologically most similar to the new species, and we discuss the distribution of this species.
References
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<p>Conti, E., Litt, A. & Sytsma, K. (1996) Circumscription of Myrtales and their relationships to other Rosids: evidence from <em>rbc</em>L sequence data. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 83: 221–233. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12700.x</p>
<p>Conti, E., Litt, A., Wilson, P., Grahm, S., Briggs, B., Johnson, L. & Sytsma, K. (1997) Interfamilial relationships in Myrtales: molecular phylogeny and patterns of morphological evolution. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 22: 629–647. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419432</p>
<p>Eyde, R. (1977) Reproductive Structures and Evolution in <em>Ludwigia</em> (Onagraceae). I. Androecium, placentation, meristem. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 64: 644–655. https://doi.org/10.2307/2395261</p>
<p>Eyde, R. (1979) Reproductive structures and evolution in <em>Ludwigia</em> (Onagraceae). II. Fruit and seed. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 66: 656–675. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398865</p>
<p>Eyde, R. (1981) Reproductive structures and evolution in <em>Ludwigia</em> (Onagraceae). III. Vasculature, nectaries, conclusions. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 68: 379–412. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398776</p>
<p>Ford, V.S. & Gottlieb, L.D. (2007) Tribal relationships within Onagraceae inferred from PgiC sequences. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 32: 348–356. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364407781179725</p>
<p>Funez, L.A., Farias, D.M., Hassemer, G. & de Gasper, A.L. (2020) <em>Ludwigia humboldtiana</em> (Onagraceae), a narrowly endemic new species from the subtropical Atlantic Forest, southern Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 470: 77–89. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.470.1.3</p>
<p>Hara, H. (1953) <em>Ludwigia</em> versus <em>Jussiaea</em>. <em>Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 28: 289–294.</p>
<p>Hoch, P., Crisci, J., Tobe, H. & Berry, P. (1993) A cladistic analysis of the plant family Onagraceae. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 18: 31–47. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419786</p>
<p>Hooker, W.J.H. & Arnott, G.A.W. (1833) Botanical Miscellany. Vol. III. John Murray, London. pp. 1–390.</p>
<p>IUCN [International Union for Conservation of Nature] (2012) <em>IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria</em>. Version 3.1, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. IUCN, Gland, 32 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN [International Union for Conservation of Nature] (2019) <em>Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria</em>. Version 14. IUCN, Gland, 113 pp.</p>
<p>Levin, R., Wagner, W.L., Hoch, P.C., Nepokroeff, M., Pires, C., Zimmer, E.A. & Sytsma, K.J. (2003) Family-level relationships of Onagraceae based on chloroplast <em>rbc</em>L and <em>ndhf</em> data. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 90: 107–115. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.1.107</p>
<p>Levin, R.A., Wagner, W.L., Hoch, P.C., Hahn, W.J., Rodriguez, A., Baum, D.A., Katinas, L., Zimmer, E.A. & Sytsma, K.J. (2004) Paraphyly in tribe Onagreae: insights into phylogenetic relationships of Onagraceae based on nuclear and chloroplast sequence data<em>. Systematic Botany</em> 29: 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364404772974293</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>, vol. 1. L. Salvius, Stockholm, pp. 1–560. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</p>
<p>Micheli, M. (1875) Onagraceae. <em>In</em>: von Martius, C.F.P. (Ed.) <em>Flora Brasiliensis</em>, vol. 3 (2). Munich and Leipzig, R. Oldenbourg, pp. 146–182, plates 28–38.</p>
<p>Munz, P. (1942) Studies in Onagraceae XII. A revision of the New World Species of <em>Jussiaea</em>. <em>Darwiniana</em> 4: 179–285.</p>
<p>Munz, P. (1947) Onagraceas. <em>In</em>: Hoehne, F.C. (Ed.) <em>Flora Brasílica</em>, fasc. 9, vol 41 I. S.A. Industrias ”Graphicars-F Lanzara”, São Paulo, pp. 1–62, 51 tab.</p>
<p>Nuttall, T. (1818) <em>The genera of North American plants</em>. D. Heartt, Philadelphia, 312 pp.</p>
<p>Pesamosca, S.C. (2015) <em>O gênero Ludwigia L. (Onagraceae) no Rio Grande do Sul.</em> Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. MSc. Dissertation. 138 pp.</p>
<p>Pesamosca, S.C. & Boldrini, I.I. (2015) <em>Ludwigia litoranea</em> (Onagraceae), a new species from coastal southern Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 230: 183–188. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.2.5</p>
<p>Ramamoorthy, T.P. (1979) A sectional revision of <em>Ludwigia</em> sect. <em>Myrtocarpus</em> sensu lato (Onagraceae). <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 66: 893–896. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398928</p>
<p>Ramamoorthy, T.P. & Zardini, E.M. (1987) The systematic and evolution of <em>Ludwigia</em> sect. <em>Myrtocarpus</em> sensu lato (Onagraceae). <em>Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 19: 1–120. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.154203</p>
<p>Raven, P.H. (1963) The Old World species of <em>Ludwigia</em> (including <em>Jussiaea</em>), with a synopsis of the genus (Onagraceae). <em>Reinwardtia</em> 6: 327–427.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) <em>Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih (accessed 17 February 2021)</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Wagner, W.L. & Hoch, P.C. (2005) Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family website. Available at: http://botany.si.edu/onagraceae/index.cfm (Accessed 19 July 2021)</p>
<p>Wagner, W.L., Hoch, P.C. & Raven, P.H. (2007) Revised classification of the Onagraceae. <em>Systematic Botany Monographs</em> 83: 1–240.</p>
<p>Zardini, E.M & Raven, P.H (1992) A new section of <em>Ludwigia</em> (Onagraceae) with a key to the sections of the genus. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 17: 481–485. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419486</p>
<p>Zeferino, L.C. & Echternacht, L. (2020) <em>Ludwigia</em> <em>in</em> Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB4035 (accessed 17 February 2021)</p>
<p>Conti, E., Fischbach, A. & Sytsma, K.J. (1993) Tribal relationships in Onagraceae: implications from <em>rbc</em>L sequence data. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 80: 672–685. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399853</p>
<p>Conti, E., Litt, A. & Sytsma, K. (1996) Circumscription of Myrtales and their relationships to other Rosids: evidence from <em>rbc</em>L sequence data. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 83: 221–233. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12700.x</p>
<p>Conti, E., Litt, A., Wilson, P., Grahm, S., Briggs, B., Johnson, L. & Sytsma, K. (1997) Interfamilial relationships in Myrtales: molecular phylogeny and patterns of morphological evolution. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 22: 629–647. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419432</p>
<p>Eyde, R. (1977) Reproductive Structures and Evolution in <em>Ludwigia</em> (Onagraceae). I. Androecium, placentation, meristem. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 64: 644–655. https://doi.org/10.2307/2395261</p>
<p>Eyde, R. (1979) Reproductive structures and evolution in <em>Ludwigia</em> (Onagraceae). II. Fruit and seed. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 66: 656–675. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398865</p>
<p>Eyde, R. (1981) Reproductive structures and evolution in <em>Ludwigia</em> (Onagraceae). III. Vasculature, nectaries, conclusions. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 68: 379–412. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398776</p>
<p>Ford, V.S. & Gottlieb, L.D. (2007) Tribal relationships within Onagraceae inferred from PgiC sequences. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 32: 348–356. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364407781179725</p>
<p>Funez, L.A., Farias, D.M., Hassemer, G. & de Gasper, A.L. (2020) <em>Ludwigia humboldtiana</em> (Onagraceae), a narrowly endemic new species from the subtropical Atlantic Forest, southern Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 470: 77–89. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.470.1.3</p>
<p>Hara, H. (1953) <em>Ludwigia</em> versus <em>Jussiaea</em>. <em>Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 28: 289–294.</p>
<p>Hoch, P., Crisci, J., Tobe, H. & Berry, P. (1993) A cladistic analysis of the plant family Onagraceae. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 18: 31–47. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419786</p>
<p>Hooker, W.J.H. & Arnott, G.A.W. (1833) Botanical Miscellany. Vol. III. John Murray, London. pp. 1–390.</p>
<p>IUCN [International Union for Conservation of Nature] (2012) <em>IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria</em>. Version 3.1, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. IUCN, Gland, 32 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN [International Union for Conservation of Nature] (2019) <em>Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria</em>. Version 14. IUCN, Gland, 113 pp.</p>
<p>Levin, R., Wagner, W.L., Hoch, P.C., Nepokroeff, M., Pires, C., Zimmer, E.A. & Sytsma, K.J. (2003) Family-level relationships of Onagraceae based on chloroplast <em>rbc</em>L and <em>ndhf</em> data. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 90: 107–115. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.1.107</p>
<p>Levin, R.A., Wagner, W.L., Hoch, P.C., Hahn, W.J., Rodriguez, A., Baum, D.A., Katinas, L., Zimmer, E.A. & Sytsma, K.J. (2004) Paraphyly in tribe Onagreae: insights into phylogenetic relationships of Onagraceae based on nuclear and chloroplast sequence data<em>. Systematic Botany</em> 29: 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364404772974293</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>, vol. 1. L. Salvius, Stockholm, pp. 1–560. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</p>
<p>Micheli, M. (1875) Onagraceae. <em>In</em>: von Martius, C.F.P. (Ed.) <em>Flora Brasiliensis</em>, vol. 3 (2). Munich and Leipzig, R. Oldenbourg, pp. 146–182, plates 28–38.</p>
<p>Munz, P. (1942) Studies in Onagraceae XII. A revision of the New World Species of <em>Jussiaea</em>. <em>Darwiniana</em> 4: 179–285.</p>
<p>Munz, P. (1947) Onagraceas. <em>In</em>: Hoehne, F.C. (Ed.) <em>Flora Brasílica</em>, fasc. 9, vol 41 I. S.A. Industrias ”Graphicars-F Lanzara”, São Paulo, pp. 1–62, 51 tab.</p>
<p>Nuttall, T. (1818) <em>The genera of North American plants</em>. D. Heartt, Philadelphia, 312 pp.</p>
<p>Pesamosca, S.C. (2015) <em>O gênero Ludwigia L. (Onagraceae) no Rio Grande do Sul.</em> Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. MSc. Dissertation. 138 pp.</p>
<p>Pesamosca, S.C. & Boldrini, I.I. (2015) <em>Ludwigia litoranea</em> (Onagraceae), a new species from coastal southern Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 230: 183–188. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.2.5</p>
<p>Ramamoorthy, T.P. (1979) A sectional revision of <em>Ludwigia</em> sect. <em>Myrtocarpus</em> sensu lato (Onagraceae). <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 66: 893–896. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398928</p>
<p>Ramamoorthy, T.P. & Zardini, E.M. (1987) The systematic and evolution of <em>Ludwigia</em> sect. <em>Myrtocarpus</em> sensu lato (Onagraceae). <em>Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 19: 1–120. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.154203</p>
<p>Raven, P.H. (1963) The Old World species of <em>Ludwigia</em> (including <em>Jussiaea</em>), with a synopsis of the genus (Onagraceae). <em>Reinwardtia</em> 6: 327–427.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) <em>Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih (accessed 17 February 2021)</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Wagner, W.L. & Hoch, P.C. (2005) Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family website. Available at: http://botany.si.edu/onagraceae/index.cfm (Accessed 19 July 2021)</p>
<p>Wagner, W.L., Hoch, P.C. & Raven, P.H. (2007) Revised classification of the Onagraceae. <em>Systematic Botany Monographs</em> 83: 1–240.</p>
<p>Zardini, E.M & Raven, P.H (1992) A new section of <em>Ludwigia</em> (Onagraceae) with a key to the sections of the genus. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 17: 481–485. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419486</p>
<p>Zeferino, L.C. & Echternacht, L. (2020) <em>Ludwigia</em> <em>in</em> Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB4035 (accessed 17 February 2021)</p>