Abstract
The samples for this study were collected from terrestrial mosses and lichens growing on palm tree trunks and concrete walls in the city of Rio de Janeiro, south-eastern Brazil. During the investigation on diatom diversity, a new species from the genus Luticola was found. The new species occurred individually at all sampling sites. The aim of this paper is to provide a morphological and ecological description of Luticola minutissima sp. nov. from an aerophytic environment. The species is characterized by a small valve size (5.2–16.8 μm length and 3.7–4.4 wide) and abruptly hooked proximal raphe endings (ca. 90-degree angle). Additionally for comparison, type material of the most similar species, Luticola neglecta Zidarova, Levkov & Van de Vijver, was studied and new information for the ultrastructure of the latter species is provided as well.
References
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<p>Bąk, M., Kociolek, J.P., Lange-Bertalot, H., Łopato, D., Witkowski, A., Zgłobicka, I. & Seddon, A.W.R. (2017) Novel diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from the freshwater discharge site of Laguna Diablas (Island Isabela = Albemarle) from the Galapagos. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 311 (3): 201–224. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.311.3.1</p>
<p>Bąk, M., Kryk, A., Peszek, Ł., Kociolek, J.P., Bemias, J. & Bemanaja, E. (2019) New and interesting <em>Luticola</em> species (Bacillariophyta) from the mangroves of Nosy Be Island, NW Madagascar. <em>Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies</em> 48 (1): 13–22. https://doi.org/10.2478/ohs-2019-0002</p>
<p>Bustos, S., Morales, M.R. & Maidana, N.I. (2017) Diversidad del género <em>Luticola</em> (Bacillariophyceae) ensedimentos holocénicos de la Puna Jujeña, Argentina. <em>Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica </em>52 (1): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v52.n1.16904</p>
<p>Chattová, B., Lebouvier, M., De Haan, M. & Van De Vijver, B. (2017) The genus <em>Luticola</em> (Bacillariophyta) on Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul (Southern Indian Ocean) with the description of two new species. <em>European Journal of Taxonomy</em> 387: 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.387</p>
<p>Coste, M., Riaux-Gobin, C., Riaux, J., Saenz-Agudelo, P.,Massuel, S., Ector, L., Calvez, R. & Aïssa, B. (2019) Aïn Bou Rkhiss and Aïn KiBrit, two springs from the Merguellil Basin (Kairouan, central Tunisia): Diatom assemblages, Biological polluosensitivity índices, hydrogeology and societal aspects. <em>Vie et Milieu</em> 69 (1): 1–17.</p>
<p>Glushchenko, A.M. & Kulikovskiy, M.S. (2015) Species of the genus <em>Luticola</em> in waterbodies of Laos and Vietnam. <em>Botanicheskiy Zhurnal</em> 100 (8): 799–804.</p>
<p>Glushchenko, A.M., Kulikovskiy, M.S. & Kociolek, J.P. (2017) New and interesting species from the genus <em>Luticola</em> (Bacillariophyceae) in waterbodies of Southeastern Asia. <em>Nova Hedwigia Beiheft</em> 146: 157–173. https://doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2017/157</p>
<p>Kale, A., Levkov, Z. & Karthick, B. (2017) Typification of two species of <em>Luticola</em> (Bacillariophyta) from aerophilic habitats of the Western Ghats, India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 298 (1): 29–42. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.298.1.3</p>
<p>Kohler, T.J., Kopalová, K., Van de Vijver, B. & Kociolek, J.P. (2015) The genus <em>Luticola </em>D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyta) from the McMurdo Sound Region, Antarctica, with the description of four new species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 208: 103–134. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.208.2.1</p>
<p>Kociolek, J.P. & Spaulding, S.A. (2003) Symmetrical naviculoid diatoms.<em> In: Freshwater algae of North America. Ecology and classification</em> <em>In: </em>Wehr, J.D. & Sheath, R.G. (Eds.) Academic Press, San Diego & London, pp. 637–653.</p>
<p>Lange-Bertalot, H, Hofmann, G, Werum, M & Cantonati, M. (2017) <em>Freshwater benthic diatoms of central europe: over 800 common species used in ecological assessment</em>. <em>English edition with updated taxonomy and added species. In:</em> Cantonati, M., Kelly, M.G. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (Eds.) Koeltz Botanical Books, Schmitten.</p>
<p>Levkov, Z., Metzeltin, D. & Pavlov, A. (2013) <em>Luticola</em> and <em>Luticolopsis</em>. Diatoms of the European inland waters and comparable habitats. <em>Diatoms of Europe</em> 7: 1–698.</p>
<p>Levkov, Z., Tofilovska, S., Wetzel, C.E., Mitić-Kopanja, D. & Ector, L. (2017) Diversity of <em>Luticola</em> D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyceae) species on halomorphic soils from Gladno Pole, Central Macedonia. <em>Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft</em> 146: 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2017/175</p>
<p>Liu, B., Williams, D.M., Blanco, S. & Jiang, X. (2017) Two new species of <em>Luticola</em> (Bacillariophyta) from the Wuling Mountains Area, China. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 146: 197–208.</p>
<p>Lowe, R.L., Kociolek, P., Johansen, J.R., Van de Vijver, B., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Kopalová, K. (2014) <em>Humidophila</em> <em>gen. nov.</em>, a new genus for a group of diatoms (Bacillariophyta) formerly within the genus <em>Diadesmis</em>: species from Hawai’i, including one new species. <em>Diatom Research</em> 29 (4): 351–360. https://doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2017/197</p>
<p>Metzeltin, D. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1998) Tropical diatoms of South America I. About 700 predominantly rarely known or new taxa representative of the neotropical flora. <em>Iconographia Diatomologica</em> 5: 1–320.</p>
<p>Metzeltin, D. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (2007) Tropical diatoms of South America II. Special remarks on biogeographic disjunction. <em>Iconographia Diatomologica</em> 18: 1–877.</p>
<p>Metzeltin, D., Lange-Bertalot & H. &García-Rodrígues, F. (2005) Diatoms of Uruguay. <em>Iconographia Diatomologica</em> 15: 1–736.</p>
<p>Peszek, Ł., Rybak, M., Lange-Bertalot, H., Kociolek, J.P. & Witkowski, A. (2021) Three new <em>Luticola</em> D.G.Mann (Bacillariophyta) species from Rapa Nui (Easter Island) found in terrestrial diatom assemblages dominated by widely distributed taxa. <em>PeerJ</em> 9: e11142. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11142</p>
<p>Pouličková, A. (2008) Morphology, cytology and sexual reproduction in the aerophytic cave diatom <em>Luticola dismutica</em> (Bacillariophyceae). <em>Preslia</em> 80: 87–99.</p>
<p>Rumrich, U., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Rumrich, M. (2000) Diatomeen der Anden von Venezuela bis Patagonien/Feuerland und zweiweitere Beiträge. Diatoms of the Andes. From Venezuela to Patagonia/Tierra del Fuego and two additional contributions. <em>Iconographia Diatomologica</em> 9: 1–673.</p>
<p>Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990) <em>The Diatoms. Biology and morphology of the genera</em>. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.</p>
<p>Rybak, M., Peszek, Ł., Skoczylas, Ł., Noga, T., Ector, L., Wetzel, C.E. (2020) <em>Achnanthes</em> Bory sensu stricto (Bacillariophyta) from terrestrial habitats of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), with description of <em>Achnanthes pseudoinflata</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> <em>Diversity</em> 12 (10): 375. [15 pp.] https://doi.org/10.3390/d12100375</p>
<p>Rybak, M., Kochman-Kędziora, N. & Peszek, Ł. (2021a) Description of four new terrestrial diatom species from <em>Luticola</em> and <em>Microcostatus</em> genera from South Africa. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 182: 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.181.65326</p>
<p>Rybak, M., Witkowski, A., Peszek, Ł., Kociolek, J.P., Risjani, Y., Nguyen, D.H., Zhang, J., Yunianta, Nguyen, V.D., Gastineau, R., Duong, T.T., Rosa, P. & Meleder, V. (2021b) Marine and brackish <em>Luticola</em> D.G.Mann (Bacillariophyta) species from the Java Sea and South China Sea coasts with the description of three new species. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 183: 115–142. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.71049</p>
<p>Silva-Lehmkuhl, A.M., Ludwig, T.A.V, Tremarin & P.I. & Bicudo, C.D. (2019) On <em>Luticola</em> Mann (Bacillariophyceae) in southeastern Brazil: taxonomy, ecology and description of two new species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 402 (4): 165–186. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.4.1</p>
<p>Straube, A., Tremarin, P.I. & Ludwig, T.A.V. (2017) Species of <em>Luticola</em> D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyceae) in the Atlantic Forest rivers from southern Brazil. <em>Diatom Research</em> 32 (4): 417–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2017.1389771</p>
<p>Taylor, J.C. & Cocquyt, C. (2016) Diatoms from the Congo and Zambezi Basins – Methodologies and identification of the genera. <em>Abc Taxa</em> 16: 1–355. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2019.1628702</p>
<p>Wetzel, C.E., Van de Vijver, B. & Ector, L. (2010) <em>Luticola deniseae</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> a new epizoic diatom from the Rio Negro (Amazon Hydrographic Basin). <em>Vie Et Milieu – Life and Environment</em> 60 (3): 177–184.</p>
<p>Zidarova, R., Levkov, Z. & Van de Vijver, B. (2014) Four new <em>Luticola</em> taxa (Bacillariophyta) from Maritime Antarctica. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 170 (3): 155–168. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.170.3.2</p>
<p>Zidarova, R., Kopalová, K. & Van de Vijver, B. (2016) Diatoms from the Antarctic Region: Maritime Antarctica. <em>Iconographia Diatomologica</em> 24: 154–213.</p>
<p>Bąk, M., Kociolek, J.P., Lange-Bertalot, H., Łopato, D., Witkowski, A., Zgłobicka, I. & Seddon, A.W.R. (2017) Novel diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from the freshwater discharge site of Laguna Diablas (Island Isabela = Albemarle) from the Galapagos. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 311 (3): 201–224. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.311.3.1</p>
<p>Bąk, M., Kryk, A., Peszek, Ł., Kociolek, J.P., Bemias, J. & Bemanaja, E. (2019) New and interesting <em>Luticola</em> species (Bacillariophyta) from the mangroves of Nosy Be Island, NW Madagascar. <em>Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies</em> 48 (1): 13–22. https://doi.org/10.2478/ohs-2019-0002</p>
<p>Bustos, S., Morales, M.R. & Maidana, N.I. (2017) Diversidad del género <em>Luticola</em> (Bacillariophyceae) ensedimentos holocénicos de la Puna Jujeña, Argentina. <em>Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica </em>52 (1): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v52.n1.16904</p>
<p>Chattová, B., Lebouvier, M., De Haan, M. & Van De Vijver, B. (2017) The genus <em>Luticola</em> (Bacillariophyta) on Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul (Southern Indian Ocean) with the description of two new species. <em>European Journal of Taxonomy</em> 387: 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.387</p>
<p>Coste, M., Riaux-Gobin, C., Riaux, J., Saenz-Agudelo, P.,Massuel, S., Ector, L., Calvez, R. & Aïssa, B. (2019) Aïn Bou Rkhiss and Aïn KiBrit, two springs from the Merguellil Basin (Kairouan, central Tunisia): Diatom assemblages, Biological polluosensitivity índices, hydrogeology and societal aspects. <em>Vie et Milieu</em> 69 (1): 1–17.</p>
<p>Glushchenko, A.M. & Kulikovskiy, M.S. (2015) Species of the genus <em>Luticola</em> in waterbodies of Laos and Vietnam. <em>Botanicheskiy Zhurnal</em> 100 (8): 799–804.</p>
<p>Glushchenko, A.M., Kulikovskiy, M.S. & Kociolek, J.P. (2017) New and interesting species from the genus <em>Luticola</em> (Bacillariophyceae) in waterbodies of Southeastern Asia. <em>Nova Hedwigia Beiheft</em> 146: 157–173. https://doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2017/157</p>
<p>Kale, A., Levkov, Z. & Karthick, B. (2017) Typification of two species of <em>Luticola</em> (Bacillariophyta) from aerophilic habitats of the Western Ghats, India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 298 (1): 29–42. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.298.1.3</p>
<p>Kohler, T.J., Kopalová, K., Van de Vijver, B. & Kociolek, J.P. (2015) The genus <em>Luticola </em>D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyta) from the McMurdo Sound Region, Antarctica, with the description of four new species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 208: 103–134. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.208.2.1</p>
<p>Kociolek, J.P. & Spaulding, S.A. (2003) Symmetrical naviculoid diatoms.<em> In: Freshwater algae of North America. Ecology and classification</em> <em>In: </em>Wehr, J.D. & Sheath, R.G. (Eds.) Academic Press, San Diego & London, pp. 637–653.</p>
<p>Lange-Bertalot, H, Hofmann, G, Werum, M & Cantonati, M. (2017) <em>Freshwater benthic diatoms of central europe: over 800 common species used in ecological assessment</em>. <em>English edition with updated taxonomy and added species. In:</em> Cantonati, M., Kelly, M.G. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (Eds.) Koeltz Botanical Books, Schmitten.</p>
<p>Levkov, Z., Metzeltin, D. & Pavlov, A. (2013) <em>Luticola</em> and <em>Luticolopsis</em>. Diatoms of the European inland waters and comparable habitats. <em>Diatoms of Europe</em> 7: 1–698.</p>
<p>Levkov, Z., Tofilovska, S., Wetzel, C.E., Mitić-Kopanja, D. & Ector, L. (2017) Diversity of <em>Luticola</em> D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyceae) species on halomorphic soils from Gladno Pole, Central Macedonia. <em>Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft</em> 146: 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2017/175</p>
<p>Liu, B., Williams, D.M., Blanco, S. & Jiang, X. (2017) Two new species of <em>Luticola</em> (Bacillariophyta) from the Wuling Mountains Area, China. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 146: 197–208.</p>
<p>Lowe, R.L., Kociolek, P., Johansen, J.R., Van de Vijver, B., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Kopalová, K. (2014) <em>Humidophila</em> <em>gen. nov.</em>, a new genus for a group of diatoms (Bacillariophyta) formerly within the genus <em>Diadesmis</em>: species from Hawai’i, including one new species. <em>Diatom Research</em> 29 (4): 351–360. https://doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2017/197</p>
<p>Metzeltin, D. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1998) Tropical diatoms of South America I. About 700 predominantly rarely known or new taxa representative of the neotropical flora. <em>Iconographia Diatomologica</em> 5: 1–320.</p>
<p>Metzeltin, D. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (2007) Tropical diatoms of South America II. Special remarks on biogeographic disjunction. <em>Iconographia Diatomologica</em> 18: 1–877.</p>
<p>Metzeltin, D., Lange-Bertalot & H. &García-Rodrígues, F. (2005) Diatoms of Uruguay. <em>Iconographia Diatomologica</em> 15: 1–736.</p>
<p>Peszek, Ł., Rybak, M., Lange-Bertalot, H., Kociolek, J.P. & Witkowski, A. (2021) Three new <em>Luticola</em> D.G.Mann (Bacillariophyta) species from Rapa Nui (Easter Island) found in terrestrial diatom assemblages dominated by widely distributed taxa. <em>PeerJ</em> 9: e11142. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11142</p>
<p>Pouličková, A. (2008) Morphology, cytology and sexual reproduction in the aerophytic cave diatom <em>Luticola dismutica</em> (Bacillariophyceae). <em>Preslia</em> 80: 87–99.</p>
<p>Rumrich, U., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Rumrich, M. (2000) Diatomeen der Anden von Venezuela bis Patagonien/Feuerland und zweiweitere Beiträge. Diatoms of the Andes. From Venezuela to Patagonia/Tierra del Fuego and two additional contributions. <em>Iconographia Diatomologica</em> 9: 1–673.</p>
<p>Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990) <em>The Diatoms. Biology and morphology of the genera</em>. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.</p>
<p>Rybak, M., Peszek, Ł., Skoczylas, Ł., Noga, T., Ector, L., Wetzel, C.E. (2020) <em>Achnanthes</em> Bory sensu stricto (Bacillariophyta) from terrestrial habitats of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), with description of <em>Achnanthes pseudoinflata</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> <em>Diversity</em> 12 (10): 375. [15 pp.] https://doi.org/10.3390/d12100375</p>
<p>Rybak, M., Kochman-Kędziora, N. & Peszek, Ł. (2021a) Description of four new terrestrial diatom species from <em>Luticola</em> and <em>Microcostatus</em> genera from South Africa. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 182: 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.181.65326</p>
<p>Rybak, M., Witkowski, A., Peszek, Ł., Kociolek, J.P., Risjani, Y., Nguyen, D.H., Zhang, J., Yunianta, Nguyen, V.D., Gastineau, R., Duong, T.T., Rosa, P. & Meleder, V. (2021b) Marine and brackish <em>Luticola</em> D.G.Mann (Bacillariophyta) species from the Java Sea and South China Sea coasts with the description of three new species. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 183: 115–142. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.71049</p>
<p>Silva-Lehmkuhl, A.M., Ludwig, T.A.V, Tremarin & P.I. & Bicudo, C.D. (2019) On <em>Luticola</em> Mann (Bacillariophyceae) in southeastern Brazil: taxonomy, ecology and description of two new species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 402 (4): 165–186. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.4.1</p>
<p>Straube, A., Tremarin, P.I. & Ludwig, T.A.V. (2017) Species of <em>Luticola</em> D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyceae) in the Atlantic Forest rivers from southern Brazil. <em>Diatom Research</em> 32 (4): 417–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2017.1389771</p>
<p>Taylor, J.C. & Cocquyt, C. (2016) Diatoms from the Congo and Zambezi Basins – Methodologies and identification of the genera. <em>Abc Taxa</em> 16: 1–355. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2019.1628702</p>
<p>Wetzel, C.E., Van de Vijver, B. & Ector, L. (2010) <em>Luticola deniseae</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> a new epizoic diatom from the Rio Negro (Amazon Hydrographic Basin). <em>Vie Et Milieu – Life and Environment</em> 60 (3): 177–184.</p>
<p>Zidarova, R., Levkov, Z. & Van de Vijver, B. (2014) Four new <em>Luticola</em> taxa (Bacillariophyta) from Maritime Antarctica. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 170 (3): 155–168. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.170.3.2</p>
<p>Zidarova, R., Kopalová, K. & Van de Vijver, B. (2016) Diatoms from the Antarctic Region: Maritime Antarctica. <em>Iconographia Diatomologica</em> 24: 154–213.</p>