Abstract
Based on literature survey, examination of type specimens and fieldwork, seven names of Carex are synonymized in the present paper: viz. Carex hypoblephara reduced to a synonym of C. glossostigma; C. dayunshanensis and C. wuyishanensis to synonyms of C. graciliflora; C. dolichogyne to a synonym of C. truncatigluma; C. kwangtoushanica to a synonym of C. tatsiensis; and C. martini to a synonym of C. rhynchophora. The holotype of Carex fokienensis is identified and confirmed at P. The putative endemic species Carex macrosandra (basionym: C. lanceolata var. macrosandra) is synonymized to C. lanceolata, whereas C. cavaleriensis, considered a synonym of the former, is here recognized as a distinct species. A lectotype is designated for C. lanceolata var. macrosandra.
References
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<p>Clarke, C.B. (1904) An enumeration of all the plants known from China proper, Formosa, Hainan, Corea, the Luchu Archipelago, and Island of Hongkong, and their distribution and synonymy (Cyperaceae). <em>Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany</em> 36: 202‒319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1904.tb00654.x</p>
<p>Dai, L.K. (1994) New taxa of <em>Carex</em> L. (Cyperaceae) from China. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica </em>32: 173–189.</p>
<p>Dai, L.K., Liang, S.Y., Zhang, S.R., Tang, Y.C., Koyama, T. & Tucker, G.C. (2010) <em>Carex</em>. <em>In: </em>Wu, C.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China 23</em>. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, pp. 285–461.</p>
<p>Diels, L. (1905) Beiträge zur Flora des Tsin ling shan andere zusätze zur Flora von Central-China. <em>Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeshiche und Pflanzengeographie</em> 36: 1–111.</p>
<p>Dunn, S.T. (1908) A botanical expedition to central Fokien.<em> Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany</em> 38: 350–373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1908.tb00858.x</p>
<p>Franchet, A. (1895) De <em>Carex</em> nouveaux pour la flore de l’Asie orientale. <em>Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris sér 8</em>, 7: 27‒53.</p>
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<p>Institutum Botanicum Academiae Sinicae (1976) <em>Iconographia Cormophytorum Sinicorum 5</em>. Science Press, Beijing, 1144 pp.</p>
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<p>Jin, X.F. (2017) Taxonomic revision of <em>Carex chungii</em> (Cyperaceae; sect. <em>Mitratae</em>) and allied species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 317: 29–41. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.317.1.3</p>
<p>Jin, X.F., Liu, Y.D., Lu, Y.F., Sun, W.Y. & Wang, H. (2020b) Notes on <em>Carex</em> (Cyperaceae) from China (VII): the identity of <em>Carex retrofracta</em> Kük. (sect. <em>Confertiflorae</em>). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 429: 135–147. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.4</p>
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<p>Jin, X.F., Zhang, Y.J., Zheng, C.Z. & Ding, B.Y. (2007) The identity of <em>Carex fokienensis</em> (Cyperaceae). <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 45: 363–368. https://doi.org/10.1360/aps050015</p>
<p>Jin, X.F. & Zheng, C.Z. (2013) <em>Taxonomy of Carex sect. Rhomboidales (Cyperaceae)</em>. Science Press, Beijing.</p>
<p>Koyama, T. (1954) Taxonomic study of Carex in the Eastern Asia. (1). <em>Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 29 (2): 41–48.</p>
<p>Koyama, T. (1956) New or noteworthy species of Cyperaceae from China. <em>Japanese Journal of Botany</em> 15: 164‒185.</p>
<p>Kreczetowicz, V.I. (1946) Cyperacearum novitates II. <em>Notulae Systematicae ex Herbario Instituti Botanici Nomine V. L. Komarovii Academiae Scientiarum SSSR</em> 9: 187–196.</p>
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<p>Léveillé, H. (1905) Contribution a la Caricologie orientale.<em> Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles et Mathématiques de Cherbourg</em> 35: 213–220.</p>
<p>Léveillé, H. (1907) Decades plantarum novarum I. <em>Repertorium Novarum Specierum Regni Vegetabilis</em> 4: 225–227.</p>
<p>Léveillé, H. (1907) Novitates sinenses. <em>Repertorium Novarum Specierum Regni Vegetabilis</em> 3: 349–351.</p>
<p>Léveillé, H. & Vaniot, E. (1902) <em>Carex</em> de Chine. <em>Bulletin de l’Académie Internationale de Géographie Botanique</em> 11 (148): 57–74.</p>
<p>Liang, S.Y., Dai, L.K., Tang, Y.C. & Li, P.C. (2000) <em>Carex. In:</em> Dai, L.K. & Liang, S.Y. (Eds.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 12</em>. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 56–528.</p>
<p>Liang, S.Y. (1996) New taxa of <em>Carex</em> Linn. from Fujian. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 34: 92–97.</p>
<p>Liang, S.Y., Dai, L.K., Tang, Y.C. & Li, P.C. (2000) <em>Carex</em>. <em>In:</em> Dai, L.K. & Liang, S.Y. (Eds.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em> 12. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 56–528.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum 2</em>. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, pp. 972–979.</p>
<p>Martín-Bravo, S., Jiménez-Mejías, P., Villaverde, T., Escudero, M., Hahn, M., Spalink, D., Roalson, E.H., Hipp, A.L. & Global Carex Group (2019) A tale of worldwide success: Behind the scenes of <em>Carex</em> (Cyperaceae) biogeography and diversification. <em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</em> 57: 695–718. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12549</p>
<p>Maximowicz, C.J. (1887) Diagnoses de nouvelles plantes de l’Asie. VI. <em>Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg</em> 31: 12–121.</p>
<p>Meyer, C.A. (1831) Cyperaceae novae descriptionibus et iconibus illustratae. <em>Mémoires Présentés a l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg par Divers Savans et lus dans ses Assemblées</em> 1: 25–230.</p>
<p>Nelmes, E. (1951) The genus <em>Carex</em> in Malaysia. <em>Reinwardtia</em> 1: 221–450.</p>
<p>Ohwi, J. (1936) Plantae novae Japonicae (III). <em>Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 12: 652–665.</p>
<p>Ohwi, J. (1936) Cyperaceae Japonicae I. A synopsis of the Caricoideae of Japan, including the Kuriles, Saghalin, Korea, and Formosa. <em>Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University (Series B)</em> 11: 229–530.</p>
<p>Schmidt, F. (1868) <em>Reisen im Amur-Lande und auf der Insel Sachalin: im Auftrage der Kaiserlich-Russischen Geographischen Gesellschaft ausgeführt</em>. Acad. Imperiale, St.-Pétersbourg, pp. 1–250.</p>
<p>Scopoli, J.A. (1772)<em> Flora Carniolica Exhibens Plantas Carniolae Indigenas et Distributas in Classes Naturales cum Differentiis Specificis, Synonymis Recentiorum, Locis Natalibus, Nominibus Incolarum, Observationibus Selectis, Viribus Medicis</em>. Secunda Aucta et Reformata, Viennae, pp. 226.</p>
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<p>Thunberg, C.P. (1784) <em>Flora Japonica: sistens plantas insvlarvm Japonicarvm secvndvm systema sexvale emendatvm</em>. Bibliopolio, Lipsiae 418 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.118608</p>
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<p>Cen, J.M., Jin, S.H. & Jin, X.F. (2016) Notes on <em>Carex</em> (Cyperaceae) from China (IV): the identity and revision of sect. <em>Infossae</em>. <em>Guihaia</em> 36: 30–43. https://doi.org/10.11931/guihaia.gxzw201510002</p>
<p>Chu, K.L. (1938) Two new species of <em>Carex</em> from Chekiang. <em>Contributions from the Biological Labooratory of the Science Society of China, Botanical Seris</em> 10 (3): 213‒218.</p>
<p>Clarke, C.B. (1904) An enumeration of all the plants known from China proper, Formosa, Hainan, Corea, the Luchu Archipelago, and Island of Hongkong, and their distribution and synonymy (Cyperaceae). <em>Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany</em> 36: 202‒319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1904.tb00654.x</p>
<p>Dai, L.K. (1994) New taxa of <em>Carex</em> L. (Cyperaceae) from China. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica </em>32: 173–189.</p>
<p>Dai, L.K., Liang, S.Y., Zhang, S.R., Tang, Y.C., Koyama, T. & Tucker, G.C. (2010) <em>Carex</em>. <em>In: </em>Wu, C.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) <em>Flora of China 23</em>. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, pp. 285–461.</p>
<p>Diels, L. (1905) Beiträge zur Flora des Tsin ling shan andere zusätze zur Flora von Central-China. <em>Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeshiche und Pflanzengeographie</em> 36: 1–111.</p>
<p>Dunn, S.T. (1908) A botanical expedition to central Fokien.<em> Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany</em> 38: 350–373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1908.tb00858.x</p>
<p>Franchet, A. (1895) De <em>Carex</em> nouveaux pour la flore de l’Asie orientale. <em>Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris sér 8</em>, 7: 27‒53.</p>
<p>Franchet, A. (1897) Les Carex de l’Asie orietale. II. <em>Nouvelles Archives du Museum d’Histioire Naturelle, Paris (ser. 3)</em> 9: 113–200.</p>
<p>Franchet, A. (1898) Les Carex de l’Asie orietale. III. <em>Nouvelles Archives du Museum d’Histioire Naturelle, Paris (ser. 3)</em> 10: 39–120.</p>
<p>Franchet, A. & Savatier, L. (1878) <em>Enumeratio Plantarum in Japonia 2</em>. F. Savy, Parisiis, pp. 257–624.</p>
<p>Fu, K.T. (1976) <em>Flora Tsinlingensis 1 (1)</em>. Science Press, Beijing, 448 pp.</p>
<p>Govaerts, R., Jimenez-Mejias, P., Koopman, J., Simpson, D., Goetghebeur, P., Wilson, K., Egorova, T. & Bruhl, J. (2019) World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (Cyperaceae). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Avalaible from: http://wcsp.science.kew.org/ (accessed 22 July 2019)</p>
<p>Gray, A. (1856) <em>List of dried plants collected in Japan by S. Wells Williams, Esq., and Dr. James Morrow.</em> <em>In</em>: Perry, M.C. (Ed.) <em>Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan: performed in the years 1852, 1853, and 1854</em>. Reverley Tucker, Senate Printer, Washington, pp. 305–332.</p>
<p>Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1922) Plantae novae sinenses, diagnosibus brevibus descriptae. <em>Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematische-naturwissenchaftliche Klasse</em> 59: 137–141.</p>
<p>Hayata, B. (1921) <em>Incones Plantarum Formosanarum 10</em>. Government of Formosa, Taihoku. pp. 1–335.</p>
<p>Huang, Y.Z. & Ling, L.K. <em>Carex. In</em>: Ling, L.K. (Ed.) <em>Flora Fujianica 6</em>. Fujian Science and Technology Publishing House, Fuzhou pp. 341‒374, 689‒690.</p>
<p>Institutum Botanicum Academiae Sinicae (1976) <em>Iconographia Cormophytorum Sinicorum 5</em>. Science Press, Beijing, 1144 pp.</p>
<p>Jiménez-Mejías, P., Hahn, M., Lueders, K., Starr, J.R., Brown, B., Chung, K.S., Escudero, M., Ford, B.A., Ford, K.A., Gebauer, S., Gehrke, B., Hoffmann, M., Jin, X.F., Jung, J., Kim, S., Luceño, M., Maguilla, E., Martín-Bravo, S., Míguez, M., Molina, A., Naczi, R.F.C., Reznicek, A.A., Villaverde, T., Waterway, M.J., Wilson, K., Yang, J.C., Zhang, S.R., Hipp, A.L. & Roalson, E.H. (2016) Megaphylogenetic specimen-level approaches to the Carex (Cyperaceae) phylogeny using barcode regions ITS, ETS, and matK: Systematics implications. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 41: 500–518. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416X692497</p>
<p>Jin, X.F. (2009) <em>Carex yunyiana</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Cyperaceae) from Zhejiang, China. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 27: 344–347. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00452.x</p>
<p>Jin, X.F. (2017) Taxonomic revision of <em>Carex chungii</em> (Cyperaceae; sect. <em>Mitratae</em>) and allied species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 317: 29–41. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.317.1.3</p>
<p>Jin, X.F., Liu, Y.D., Lu, Y.F., Sun, W.Y. & Wang, H. (2020b) Notes on <em>Carex</em> (Cyperaceae) from China (VII): the identity of <em>Carex retrofracta</em> Kük. (sect. <em>Confertiflorae</em>). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 429: 135–147. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.429.2.4</p>
<p>Jin, X.F., Zhang, S.R., Yano, O., Katsuyama, T., Ikeda, H., Lu, Y.F. & Jin, S.H. (2020a) Cyperaceae II-<em>Carex</em>. <em>In:</em> Hong, D.Y. (Ed.) <em>Flora of Pan-Himalaya</em> 12 (2). Science Press and Cambridge Press, Beijing and London.</p>
<p>Jin, X.F., Zhang, Y.J., Zheng, C.Z. & Ding, B.Y. (2007) The identity of <em>Carex fokienensis</em> (Cyperaceae). <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 45: 363–368. https://doi.org/10.1360/aps050015</p>
<p>Jin, X.F. & Zheng, C.Z. (2013) <em>Taxonomy of Carex sect. Rhomboidales (Cyperaceae)</em>. Science Press, Beijing.</p>
<p>Koyama, T. (1954) Taxonomic study of Carex in the Eastern Asia. (1). <em>Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 29 (2): 41–48.</p>
<p>Koyama, T. (1956) New or noteworthy species of Cyperaceae from China. <em>Japanese Journal of Botany</em> 15: 164‒185.</p>
<p>Kreczetowicz, V.I. (1946) Cyperacearum novitates II. <em>Notulae Systematicae ex Herbario Instituti Botanici Nomine V. L. Komarovii Academiae Scientiarum SSSR</em> 9: 187–196.</p>
<p>Kükenthal, G. (1909) <em>Cyperaceae-Caricoideae.</em> <em>In:</em> Engler, A. (Ed.)<em> Das Pflanzenreich</em> (IV) vol. 20. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1–824.</p>
<p>Léveillé, H. (1905) Contribution a la Caricologie orientale.<em> Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles et Mathématiques de Cherbourg</em> 35: 213–220.</p>
<p>Léveillé, H. (1907) Decades plantarum novarum I. <em>Repertorium Novarum Specierum Regni Vegetabilis</em> 4: 225–227.</p>
<p>Léveillé, H. (1907) Novitates sinenses. <em>Repertorium Novarum Specierum Regni Vegetabilis</em> 3: 349–351.</p>
<p>Léveillé, H. & Vaniot, E. (1902) <em>Carex</em> de Chine. <em>Bulletin de l’Académie Internationale de Géographie Botanique</em> 11 (148): 57–74.</p>
<p>Liang, S.Y., Dai, L.K., Tang, Y.C. & Li, P.C. (2000) <em>Carex. In:</em> Dai, L.K. & Liang, S.Y. (Eds.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 12</em>. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 56–528.</p>
<p>Liang, S.Y. (1996) New taxa of <em>Carex</em> Linn. from Fujian. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 34: 92–97.</p>
<p>Liang, S.Y., Dai, L.K., Tang, Y.C. & Li, P.C. (2000) <em>Carex</em>. <em>In:</em> Dai, L.K. & Liang, S.Y. (Eds.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em> 12. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 56–528.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum 2</em>. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, pp. 972–979.</p>
<p>Martín-Bravo, S., Jiménez-Mejías, P., Villaverde, T., Escudero, M., Hahn, M., Spalink, D., Roalson, E.H., Hipp, A.L. & Global Carex Group (2019) A tale of worldwide success: Behind the scenes of <em>Carex</em> (Cyperaceae) biogeography and diversification. <em>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</em> 57: 695–718. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12549</p>
<p>Maximowicz, C.J. (1887) Diagnoses de nouvelles plantes de l’Asie. VI. <em>Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg</em> 31: 12–121.</p>
<p>Meyer, C.A. (1831) Cyperaceae novae descriptionibus et iconibus illustratae. <em>Mémoires Présentés a l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg par Divers Savans et lus dans ses Assemblées</em> 1: 25–230.</p>
<p>Nelmes, E. (1951) The genus <em>Carex</em> in Malaysia. <em>Reinwardtia</em> 1: 221–450.</p>
<p>Ohwi, J. (1936) Plantae novae Japonicae (III). <em>Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 12: 652–665.</p>
<p>Ohwi, J. (1936) Cyperaceae Japonicae I. A synopsis of the Caricoideae of Japan, including the Kuriles, Saghalin, Korea, and Formosa. <em>Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University (Series B)</em> 11: 229–530.</p>
<p>Schmidt, F. (1868) <em>Reisen im Amur-Lande und auf der Insel Sachalin: im Auftrage der Kaiserlich-Russischen Geographischen Gesellschaft ausgeführt</em>. Acad. Imperiale, St.-Pétersbourg, pp. 1–250.</p>
<p>Scopoli, J.A. (1772)<em> Flora Carniolica Exhibens Plantas Carniolae Indigenas et Distributas in Classes Naturales cum Differentiis Specificis, Synonymis Recentiorum, Locis Natalibus, Nominibus Incolarum, Observationibus Selectis, Viribus Medicis</em>. Secunda Aucta et Reformata, Viennae, pp. 226.</p>
<p>Su, S.W. (1992) Cyperaceae.<em> In:</em> Qian, X.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora of Anhui</em> 5. Anhui Science and Technology Publishing House, Hefei, pp. 380–516.</p>
<p>Thunberg, C.P. (1784) <em>Flora Japonica: sistens plantas insvlarvm Japonicarvm secvndvm systema sexvale emendatvm</em>. Bibliopolio, Lipsiae 418 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.118608</p>
<p>Willdenow, C.L. (1805) <em>Caroli a Linné Species Plantarum 4</em>. Impensis G.C. Nauk, Berolini, pp. 205.</p>
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