Abstract
During a survey of some exsiccata samples from Rabenhorst’s Die Algen Sachen’s und Europa’s, two Staurosirella taxa that could not be identified using the currently available literature were observed in a sample from the Swiss Alps, collected in 1863 CE. The two taxa occurred together with a large population of S. neopinnata and were studied using detailed light and scanning electron microscopy. Based on the obtained observations on their morphology, and after comparing both taxa with all currently known Staurosirella and some Staurosira species, both are described as new. Staurosirella coutelasiana Van de Vijver sp. nov. is characterized in having a linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, isopolar valve outline with small apical pore fields on both apices. The second new species, S. minutissima Van de Vijver sp. nov., is a small-celled Staurosirella species and possesses short lineolae, an almost flat valve surface and small apical pore fields. Both species are extensively illustrated and discussed. Their ecological preferences are derived from the associated diatom flora in the sample and point to oligotrophic, calcium-carbonate rich, oligosaprobic conditions.
References
<p>Almeida, P.D., Wetzel, C.E., Morales, E.A., Ector, L. & Bicudo, D.C. (2015) <em>Staurosirella acidophila</em> sp. nov., a new araphid diatom (Bacillariophyta) from southeastern Brazil: ultrastructure, distribution and autecology. <em>Cryptogamie Algologie</em> 36 (3): 255–270. https://doi.org/10.7872/crya/v36.iss3.2015.255</p>
<p>Cleve, P.T. & Moller, J.D. (1877–1882) <em>Diatoms.</em> Parts 1–6. [Exsiccatae] 324 slides. Uppsala.</p>
<p>Cleve, P.T. (1894) Synopsis of the naviculoid diatoms. Part I. <em>Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar Series</em> <em>4</em> 26 (2): 1–194.</p>
<p>Cox, E.J. & Ross, R. (1981) The striae of pennate diatoms. <em>In:</em> Ross, R. (ed.) <em>Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Recent and Fossil Diatoms</em>. Budapest, September 1–5, 1980. Taxonomy · Morphology · Ecology · Biology. Otto Koeltz, Koenigstein. pp. 267–278.</p>
<p>Cramer, C.E. (1863) Algologische Notizien. <em>Hedwigia</em> 11: 61–66.</p>
<p>Ehrenberg, C.G (1830) <em>Organisation, Systematik und geographisches Verhältniss der Infusionsthierchen.</em> Zwei verträge. 1828: 1–108, pls I–VIII.</p>
<p>Ehrenberg, C.G. (1854) <em>Zur Microgeologie.</em> Leipzig: Verlag von Leopold Voss. pp. [1]–31, 40 pls [Taf. I–XXXX].</p>
<p>Fusey, P. (1951) Contribution à la flore algologique de Bretagne. Diatomées de la Région de Corlay (Côtes-du-Nord). <em>Bulletin de Microscopie Appliquée, Paris, 2nd series</em> 1 (2): 31–50.</p>
<p>Guerrero, J.M., Luján García, M. & Morales, E.A. (2019) <em>Staurosirella andino-patagonica</em> sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) from lake sediments in Patagonia, Argentina. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 402 (3): 131–144. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.3.1</p>
<p>Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2022) AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Available from: https://www.algaebase.org (accessed 12 April 2022).</p>
<p>Heiden, H. (1900) Diatomeen des Coventer Sees bei Doberan von der Litorina bis zur Jetztzeit. <em>Mitteilungen aus der Grossherzoglich Mecklenburg Geologisches Landesanstalt</em> 10 (21): 1–32.</p>
<p>Hustedt, F. (1937) Sußwasserdiatomeen von Island, Spitzbergen und den Färöer-Inseln. <em>Botanisches Archiv</em> 38: 152–207.</p>
<p>Hustedt, F. (1943) Die Diatomeenflora einiger Hochgebirgsseen der Landschaft Davos in den schweizer Alpen. <em>Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie</em> 43: 124–197, 225–280.</p>
<p>Kociolek, J.P. (2004) Annotated Listing of Diatom Types in Rabenhorst‘s <em>DieAlgen Europa‘s</em> 1848–1882, and a Consideration of Their Nomenclatural Status. <em>Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences </em>55 (13): 255–299.</p>
<p>Krammer, K. (2002) <em>Cymbella</em>. <em>In:</em> <em>Diatoms of Europe</em> 3. 584 pp.</p>
<p>Kulikovskiy, M.S., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Kuznetsova, I.V. (2015) Lake Baikal: hotspot of endemic diatoms II. <em>Iconographia Diatomologica</em> 26: 1–656.</p>
<p>Kützing, F.T. (1844) <em>Die Kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen</em>. Nordhausen: zu finden bei W. Köhne. pp. [i–vii], [1]–152.</p>
<p>Kützing, F.T. (1849) <em>Species algarum</em>. Lipsiae [Leipzig]: F.A. Brockhaus. pp. [i]–vi, [1]–922.</p>
<p>Lange-Bertalot, H. & Moser, G. (1994) <em>Brachysira</em>. Monographie der Gattung und <em>Naviculadicta</em> nov. gen. <em>Biblioteca Diatomologica</em> 29: 1–212.</p>
<p>Levkov, Z. & Williams, D.M. (2011) Fifteen new diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from Lake Ohrid, Macedonia. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 30: 1–41. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.30.1.1</p>
<p>Lyngbye, H.C. (1819) <em>Tentamen hydrophytologiae danicae continens omnia hydrophyta cryptogama Daniae, Holsatiae, Faeroae, Islandiae, Groenlandiae hucusque cognita, systematice disposita, descripta et iconibus illustrata, adjectis simul speciebus norvegicis</em>. Hafniae [Copenhagen]: typis Schultzianis, in commissis Librariae Gyldendaliae. pp. [i]–xxxii, [1]–248, 70 pls.</p>
<p>Morales, E.A. (2001) Morphological studies in selected fragilarioid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from Conneticut waters (U.S.A.). <em>Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia </em>151: 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1635/0097-3157(2001)151[0105:MSISFD]2.0.CO;2</p>
<p>Morales, E.A. & Edlund, M.B. (2003) Studies in selected fragilarioid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Hovsgol, Mongolia. <em>Phycological Research</em> 51 (4): 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2003..x</p>
<p>Morales, E.A. (2005) Observations of the morphology of some known and new fragilarioid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from rivers in the USA. <em>Phycological Research</em> 53 (2): 113–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-183.2005.00378.x</p>
<p>Morales, E. & Manoylov, K.M. (2006a) <em>Staurosirella incognita</em> Morales et Manoylov sp. nov., a non-spiny species from North America, with an emended description of <em>Staurosirella</em> Williams et Round (Bacillariophyceae). <em>In:</em> Witkowski, A. (Ed.) <em>Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Diatom Symposium, Miedzyzdroje, Poland</em>. pp. 325–336.</p>
<p>Morales, E. & Manoylov, K.M. (2006b) Morphological studies on selected taxa in the genus <em>Staurosirella</em> Williams et Round (Bacillariophyceae) from rivers in North America. <em>Diatom Research</em> 21 (2): 343–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2006.9705674</p>
<p>Morales, E.A., Manoylov, K.M. & Bahls, L.L. (2010a) Three new araphid diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from rivers in North America. <em>Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia</em> 160: 29–46. [http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1635/053.160.0105]</p>
<p>Morales, E.A., Edlund, M.B. & Spaulding, S.A. (2010b) Description and ultrastructure of araphid diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) morphologically similar to <em>Pseudostaurosira elliptica</em> (Schumann) Edlund <em>et al.</em> <em>Phycological Research</em> 58: 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2010.00567.x</p>
<p>Morales, E.A., Novais, M.H., Chávez, G., Hoffmann, L. & Ector, L. (2012) Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from the Bolivian Altiplano: three new araphid species from the Desaguadero River draining Lake Titicaca. <em>Fottea</em> 12 (1): 41–58. https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2012.004</p>
<p>Morales, E.A, Wetzel, C.E, Van de Vijver, B. & Ector, L. (2015) Morphological studies on type material of widely cited araphid diatoms (Bacillariophyta). <em>Phycologia</em> 54 (5): 455–470. https://doi.org/10.2216/15-21.1</p>
<p>Morales, E.A., Wetzel, C.E., Haworth, E.Y. & Ector, L. (2019a) Ending a 175-year taxonomic uncertainty: Description of <em>Staurosirella neopinnata</em> sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) to accommodate <em>Fragilaria pinnata</em>, a highly misconstrued taxon with a purported worldwide distribution. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 402 (2): 75–87. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.2.1</p>
<p>Morales, E.A., Wetzel, C.E., Novais, M.H., Buczkó, K., Morais, M.M. & Ector, L. (2019) Morphological reconsideration of the araphid genus <em>Pseudostaurosira</em> (Bacillariophyceae), a revision of <em>Gedaniella</em>, <em>Popovskayella</em> and <em>Serratifera</em>, and a description of a new <em>Nanofrustulum</em> species. <em>Plant Ecology and Evolution</em> 152 (2): 262–284. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2019.1604</p>
<p>Ognjanova-Rumenova, N., Buczkó, K., Wojtal, A.Z. & Jahn, R. (2015) <em>Staurosirella rhombus</em> (Ehrenberg), Ognjanova-Rumenova, Buczkó, Wojtal & R. Jahn, comb. nov.- Typification, morphology and biostratigraphic significance. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 218 (3): 279–288. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.218.3.6</p>
<p>Osório, N.C., Ector, L., Rodrigues, L. & Wetzel, C.E. (2021) <em>Staurosirella paranaensis</em> sp. nov., a new epiphytic freshwater diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from the Paraná River floodplain, Brazil, South America. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 480 (2): 163–173. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.480.2.5</p>
<p>Pinseel, E., Guiry, M.D. & Van de Vijver, B. (2021) Observations and typification of <em>Pinnularia rabenhorstii</em> Hilse (Pinnulariaceae, Bacillariophyta). <em>Notulae Algarum</em> 191: 1–4.</p>
<p>Rabenhorst, G.L. (1848–1860) <em>Die Algen Sachsens. Resp. Mittel-Europa‘s Gesammelt und herausgegeben von Dr. L. Rabenhorst</em>, Dec. 1–100. No. 1–1000. Dresden.</p>
<p>Rabenhorst, G.L. (1861–1882) <em>Die Algen Europa’s, Fortsetzung der Algen Sachsens, resp. Mittel-Europa’s</em>. Decades I–CIX, numbers 1–1600 (or 1001-2600). Dresden.</p>
<p>Ross, R., Cox, E.J., Karayeva, N.I., Mann, D.G., Paddock, T.B.B., Simonsen, R. & Sims, P.A. (1979) An amended terminology for the siliceous components of the diatom cell. <em>Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft</em> 64: 513–533.</p>
<p>Rusanov, A.G., Ector, L., Morales, E.A., Kiss, K.T. & Ács, É. (2018) Morphometric analyses of <em>Staurosira inflata</em> comb. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) and the morphologically related <em>Staurosira tabellaria</em> from north-western Russia. <em>European Journal of Phycology</em> 53 (3): 336–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2018.1452050</p>
<p>Seeligmann, C.T., Maidana, N.I. & Morales, E.A. (2018) Fragilariaceae (Bacillariophyta) en humedales de altura de Catamarca (Argentina). <em>Boletín Sociedad Argentina de Botánica</em> 53 (4): 507–519. http://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v53.n4.21975</p>
<p>Smith, W. (1856) <em>A synopsis of the British Diatomaceae; with remarks on their structure, functions and distribution; and instructions for collecting and preserving specimens</em>. Vol. 2. pp. [i–vi]–xxix, 1–107.</p>
<p>Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, R.S. (1983) <em>Taxonomic literature</em>, volume IV: P–Sak (2nd ed.). Utrecht, Antwerpen: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema; The Hague, Boston: dr. W. Junk Publishers. 1214 pp.</p>
<p>Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, R.S. (1988) <em>Taxonomic literature</em>, volume VII: W–Z (2nd ed.). Utrecht, Antwerpen: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema; The Hague, Boston: dr. W. Junk Publishers. 653 pp.</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. Regnum Vegetabile, Vol. 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. pp. [i]–xxxviii, 1–253.</p>
<p>Van de Vijver, B., Morales, E.A. & Kopalová, K. (2014) Three new araphid diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Maritime Antarctic Region. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 167 (3): 256–266. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.167.3.4</p>
<p>Van de Vijver, B., Williams, D.M., Schuster, T.M., Kusber, W.-H., Cantonati, M., Wetzel, C.E. & Ector, L. (2022) Analysis of the <em>Fragilaria rumpens</em> complex (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) with the description of two new species. <em>Fottea</em> 22 (1): 93–121. https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2021.018</p>
<p>Van de Vijver, B. & Kusber, W.-H. (2022) Typification and transfer of <em>Fragilaria undulata</em> C.E.Cramer to the genus <em>Pseudostaurosira</em> (Staurosiraceae, Bacillariophyta) with some notes on the diatom species described by Carl E. Cramer. <em>Notulae Algarum</em> 225: 1–5.</p>
<p>van der Werff, A. (1955) A new method of concentrating and cleaning diatoms and other organisms. <em>Verhandlungen der internationalen Vereinigung für theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie</em> 12 (1): 276–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1950.11895297</p>
<p>Van Heurck, H. (1882–1885) <em>Types du Synopsis des Diatomees de Belgique</em>, Serie I–XXII.</p>
<p>Wartmann, F.B. &Schenk, B. (1862–1882) <em>Schweizerische Kryptogamen unter Mitwirkung mehrerer Botanike</em>r. Centuries I–XI, fascicles I–XVIII, numbers 1–900. Sankt Gallen (Scheitlin & Zollikofer), Hottingen.</p>
<p>Williams, D.M. & Round, F.E. (1987) Revision of the genus <em>Fragilaria</em>. <em>Diatom Research</em> 2: 267–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.1987.9705004</p>
<p>Wojtal, A.Z., Ector, L., Van de Vijver, B., Morales, E.A., Blanco, S., Piatek, J. & Smieja, A. (2011) The <em>Achnanthidium minutissimum</em> complex (Bacillariophyceae) in southern Poland. <em>Algological Studies</em> 136 (1): 211–238. https://doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2011/0136-0211</p>
<p>Wynne, M.J. (2019) <em>Delicatophycus</em> gen. nov.: a validation of “<em>Delicata</em> Krammer” inval. (Gomphonemataceae, Bacillariophyta). <em>Notulae Algarum</em> 97: 1–3.</p>
<p>Cleve, P.T. & Moller, J.D. (1877–1882) <em>Diatoms.</em> Parts 1–6. [Exsiccatae] 324 slides. Uppsala.</p>
<p>Cleve, P.T. (1894) Synopsis of the naviculoid diatoms. Part I. <em>Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar Series</em> <em>4</em> 26 (2): 1–194.</p>
<p>Cox, E.J. & Ross, R. (1981) The striae of pennate diatoms. <em>In:</em> Ross, R. (ed.) <em>Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Recent and Fossil Diatoms</em>. Budapest, September 1–5, 1980. Taxonomy · Morphology · Ecology · Biology. Otto Koeltz, Koenigstein. pp. 267–278.</p>
<p>Cramer, C.E. (1863) Algologische Notizien. <em>Hedwigia</em> 11: 61–66.</p>
<p>Ehrenberg, C.G (1830) <em>Organisation, Systematik und geographisches Verhältniss der Infusionsthierchen.</em> Zwei verträge. 1828: 1–108, pls I–VIII.</p>
<p>Ehrenberg, C.G. (1854) <em>Zur Microgeologie.</em> Leipzig: Verlag von Leopold Voss. pp. [1]–31, 40 pls [Taf. I–XXXX].</p>
<p>Fusey, P. (1951) Contribution à la flore algologique de Bretagne. Diatomées de la Région de Corlay (Côtes-du-Nord). <em>Bulletin de Microscopie Appliquée, Paris, 2nd series</em> 1 (2): 31–50.</p>
<p>Guerrero, J.M., Luján García, M. & Morales, E.A. (2019) <em>Staurosirella andino-patagonica</em> sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) from lake sediments in Patagonia, Argentina. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 402 (3): 131–144. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.3.1</p>
<p>Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2022) AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Available from: https://www.algaebase.org (accessed 12 April 2022).</p>
<p>Heiden, H. (1900) Diatomeen des Coventer Sees bei Doberan von der Litorina bis zur Jetztzeit. <em>Mitteilungen aus der Grossherzoglich Mecklenburg Geologisches Landesanstalt</em> 10 (21): 1–32.</p>
<p>Hustedt, F. (1937) Sußwasserdiatomeen von Island, Spitzbergen und den Färöer-Inseln. <em>Botanisches Archiv</em> 38: 152–207.</p>
<p>Hustedt, F. (1943) Die Diatomeenflora einiger Hochgebirgsseen der Landschaft Davos in den schweizer Alpen. <em>Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie</em> 43: 124–197, 225–280.</p>
<p>Kociolek, J.P. (2004) Annotated Listing of Diatom Types in Rabenhorst‘s <em>DieAlgen Europa‘s</em> 1848–1882, and a Consideration of Their Nomenclatural Status. <em>Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences </em>55 (13): 255–299.</p>
<p>Krammer, K. (2002) <em>Cymbella</em>. <em>In:</em> <em>Diatoms of Europe</em> 3. 584 pp.</p>
<p>Kulikovskiy, M.S., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Kuznetsova, I.V. (2015) Lake Baikal: hotspot of endemic diatoms II. <em>Iconographia Diatomologica</em> 26: 1–656.</p>
<p>Kützing, F.T. (1844) <em>Die Kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen</em>. Nordhausen: zu finden bei W. Köhne. pp. [i–vii], [1]–152.</p>
<p>Kützing, F.T. (1849) <em>Species algarum</em>. Lipsiae [Leipzig]: F.A. Brockhaus. pp. [i]–vi, [1]–922.</p>
<p>Lange-Bertalot, H. & Moser, G. (1994) <em>Brachysira</em>. Monographie der Gattung und <em>Naviculadicta</em> nov. gen. <em>Biblioteca Diatomologica</em> 29: 1–212.</p>
<p>Levkov, Z. & Williams, D.M. (2011) Fifteen new diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from Lake Ohrid, Macedonia. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 30: 1–41. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.30.1.1</p>
<p>Lyngbye, H.C. (1819) <em>Tentamen hydrophytologiae danicae continens omnia hydrophyta cryptogama Daniae, Holsatiae, Faeroae, Islandiae, Groenlandiae hucusque cognita, systematice disposita, descripta et iconibus illustrata, adjectis simul speciebus norvegicis</em>. Hafniae [Copenhagen]: typis Schultzianis, in commissis Librariae Gyldendaliae. pp. [i]–xxxii, [1]–248, 70 pls.</p>
<p>Morales, E.A. (2001) Morphological studies in selected fragilarioid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from Conneticut waters (U.S.A.). <em>Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia </em>151: 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1635/0097-3157(2001)151[0105:MSISFD]2.0.CO;2</p>
<p>Morales, E.A. & Edlund, M.B. (2003) Studies in selected fragilarioid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Hovsgol, Mongolia. <em>Phycological Research</em> 51 (4): 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2003..x</p>
<p>Morales, E.A. (2005) Observations of the morphology of some known and new fragilarioid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from rivers in the USA. <em>Phycological Research</em> 53 (2): 113–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-183.2005.00378.x</p>
<p>Morales, E. & Manoylov, K.M. (2006a) <em>Staurosirella incognita</em> Morales et Manoylov sp. nov., a non-spiny species from North America, with an emended description of <em>Staurosirella</em> Williams et Round (Bacillariophyceae). <em>In:</em> Witkowski, A. (Ed.) <em>Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Diatom Symposium, Miedzyzdroje, Poland</em>. pp. 325–336.</p>
<p>Morales, E. & Manoylov, K.M. (2006b) Morphological studies on selected taxa in the genus <em>Staurosirella</em> Williams et Round (Bacillariophyceae) from rivers in North America. <em>Diatom Research</em> 21 (2): 343–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2006.9705674</p>
<p>Morales, E.A., Manoylov, K.M. & Bahls, L.L. (2010a) Three new araphid diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from rivers in North America. <em>Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia</em> 160: 29–46. [http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1635/053.160.0105]</p>
<p>Morales, E.A., Edlund, M.B. & Spaulding, S.A. (2010b) Description and ultrastructure of araphid diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) morphologically similar to <em>Pseudostaurosira elliptica</em> (Schumann) Edlund <em>et al.</em> <em>Phycological Research</em> 58: 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2010.00567.x</p>
<p>Morales, E.A., Novais, M.H., Chávez, G., Hoffmann, L. & Ector, L. (2012) Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from the Bolivian Altiplano: three new araphid species from the Desaguadero River draining Lake Titicaca. <em>Fottea</em> 12 (1): 41–58. https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2012.004</p>
<p>Morales, E.A, Wetzel, C.E, Van de Vijver, B. & Ector, L. (2015) Morphological studies on type material of widely cited araphid diatoms (Bacillariophyta). <em>Phycologia</em> 54 (5): 455–470. https://doi.org/10.2216/15-21.1</p>
<p>Morales, E.A., Wetzel, C.E., Haworth, E.Y. & Ector, L. (2019a) Ending a 175-year taxonomic uncertainty: Description of <em>Staurosirella neopinnata</em> sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) to accommodate <em>Fragilaria pinnata</em>, a highly misconstrued taxon with a purported worldwide distribution. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 402 (2): 75–87. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.2.1</p>
<p>Morales, E.A., Wetzel, C.E., Novais, M.H., Buczkó, K., Morais, M.M. & Ector, L. (2019) Morphological reconsideration of the araphid genus <em>Pseudostaurosira</em> (Bacillariophyceae), a revision of <em>Gedaniella</em>, <em>Popovskayella</em> and <em>Serratifera</em>, and a description of a new <em>Nanofrustulum</em> species. <em>Plant Ecology and Evolution</em> 152 (2): 262–284. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2019.1604</p>
<p>Ognjanova-Rumenova, N., Buczkó, K., Wojtal, A.Z. & Jahn, R. (2015) <em>Staurosirella rhombus</em> (Ehrenberg), Ognjanova-Rumenova, Buczkó, Wojtal & R. Jahn, comb. nov.- Typification, morphology and biostratigraphic significance. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 218 (3): 279–288. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.218.3.6</p>
<p>Osório, N.C., Ector, L., Rodrigues, L. & Wetzel, C.E. (2021) <em>Staurosirella paranaensis</em> sp. nov., a new epiphytic freshwater diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from the Paraná River floodplain, Brazil, South America. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 480 (2): 163–173. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.480.2.5</p>
<p>Pinseel, E., Guiry, M.D. & Van de Vijver, B. (2021) Observations and typification of <em>Pinnularia rabenhorstii</em> Hilse (Pinnulariaceae, Bacillariophyta). <em>Notulae Algarum</em> 191: 1–4.</p>
<p>Rabenhorst, G.L. (1848–1860) <em>Die Algen Sachsens. Resp. Mittel-Europa‘s Gesammelt und herausgegeben von Dr. L. Rabenhorst</em>, Dec. 1–100. No. 1–1000. Dresden.</p>
<p>Rabenhorst, G.L. (1861–1882) <em>Die Algen Europa’s, Fortsetzung der Algen Sachsens, resp. Mittel-Europa’s</em>. Decades I–CIX, numbers 1–1600 (or 1001-2600). Dresden.</p>
<p>Ross, R., Cox, E.J., Karayeva, N.I., Mann, D.G., Paddock, T.B.B., Simonsen, R. & Sims, P.A. (1979) An amended terminology for the siliceous components of the diatom cell. <em>Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft</em> 64: 513–533.</p>
<p>Rusanov, A.G., Ector, L., Morales, E.A., Kiss, K.T. & Ács, É. (2018) Morphometric analyses of <em>Staurosira inflata</em> comb. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) and the morphologically related <em>Staurosira tabellaria</em> from north-western Russia. <em>European Journal of Phycology</em> 53 (3): 336–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2018.1452050</p>
<p>Seeligmann, C.T., Maidana, N.I. & Morales, E.A. (2018) Fragilariaceae (Bacillariophyta) en humedales de altura de Catamarca (Argentina). <em>Boletín Sociedad Argentina de Botánica</em> 53 (4): 507–519. http://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v53.n4.21975</p>
<p>Smith, W. (1856) <em>A synopsis of the British Diatomaceae; with remarks on their structure, functions and distribution; and instructions for collecting and preserving specimens</em>. Vol. 2. pp. [i–vi]–xxix, 1–107.</p>
<p>Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, R.S. (1983) <em>Taxonomic literature</em>, volume IV: P–Sak (2nd ed.). Utrecht, Antwerpen: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema; The Hague, Boston: dr. W. Junk Publishers. 1214 pp.</p>
<p>Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, R.S. (1988) <em>Taxonomic literature</em>, volume VII: W–Z (2nd ed.). Utrecht, Antwerpen: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema; The Hague, Boston: dr. W. Junk Publishers. 653 pp.</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. Regnum Vegetabile, Vol. 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. pp. [i]–xxxviii, 1–253.</p>
<p>Van de Vijver, B., Morales, E.A. & Kopalová, K. (2014) Three new araphid diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Maritime Antarctic Region. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 167 (3): 256–266. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.167.3.4</p>
<p>Van de Vijver, B., Williams, D.M., Schuster, T.M., Kusber, W.-H., Cantonati, M., Wetzel, C.E. & Ector, L. (2022) Analysis of the <em>Fragilaria rumpens</em> complex (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) with the description of two new species. <em>Fottea</em> 22 (1): 93–121. https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2021.018</p>
<p>Van de Vijver, B. & Kusber, W.-H. (2022) Typification and transfer of <em>Fragilaria undulata</em> C.E.Cramer to the genus <em>Pseudostaurosira</em> (Staurosiraceae, Bacillariophyta) with some notes on the diatom species described by Carl E. Cramer. <em>Notulae Algarum</em> 225: 1–5.</p>
<p>van der Werff, A. (1955) A new method of concentrating and cleaning diatoms and other organisms. <em>Verhandlungen der internationalen Vereinigung für theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie</em> 12 (1): 276–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1950.11895297</p>
<p>Van Heurck, H. (1882–1885) <em>Types du Synopsis des Diatomees de Belgique</em>, Serie I–XXII.</p>
<p>Wartmann, F.B. &Schenk, B. (1862–1882) <em>Schweizerische Kryptogamen unter Mitwirkung mehrerer Botanike</em>r. Centuries I–XI, fascicles I–XVIII, numbers 1–900. Sankt Gallen (Scheitlin & Zollikofer), Hottingen.</p>
<p>Williams, D.M. & Round, F.E. (1987) Revision of the genus <em>Fragilaria</em>. <em>Diatom Research</em> 2: 267–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.1987.9705004</p>
<p>Wojtal, A.Z., Ector, L., Van de Vijver, B., Morales, E.A., Blanco, S., Piatek, J. & Smieja, A. (2011) The <em>Achnanthidium minutissimum</em> complex (Bacillariophyceae) in southern Poland. <em>Algological Studies</em> 136 (1): 211–238. https://doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2011/0136-0211</p>
<p>Wynne, M.J. (2019) <em>Delicatophycus</em> gen. nov.: a validation of “<em>Delicata</em> Krammer” inval. (Gomphonemataceae, Bacillariophyta). <em>Notulae Algarum</em> 97: 1–3.</p>