Abstract
Based on morphological comparisons of specimens and observations of living plants in the field we conclude that the key characters as the color of setae on the abaxial leaf sides and pedicles, and the number of ray florets which Jeffrey and Chen used to distinguish Synotis ionodasys from S. cappa are variable and not reliable, and all the characters of the former species (ferrugineous tomentum, 14–20 ray florets) are not distinct and fall within the variation range of the latter, thus making S. ionodasys conspecific with S. cappa.
References
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<p>Craib, W.G. (1911) Contributions to the Flora of Siam (II). <em>Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information / Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</em> 10: 385–448.</p>
<p>Don, D. (1825) <em>Prodromus Florae Nepalensis</em>. J. Gale, London, 256 pp.</p>
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<p>Joshi, S., Shrestha, K. & Bajracharya, D.M. (2013)<em> Synotis managensis</em> (Senecioneae: Asteraceae) – a new species from Manang, Central Nepal. <em>Pleione</em> 11 (2): 177–186. https://doi.org/10.26679/Pleione.11.2.2017.177-186</p>
<p>Fei, W.Q., Tang, M., Wu, X. & Ren, C. (2020) Proposal to conserve the name <em>Senecio palmatisectus</em> (<em>Parasenecio palmatisectus</em>) against <em>S. pelleifolius</em> (Asteraceae). <em>Taxon</em> 69 (1): 202–203. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/tax.12192]</p>
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<p>Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1937) Neue und bemerkenswerte chinesische Compositen, besonders aus dem Berliner Herbar. <em>Notizblatt des Königl. botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin</em> 13: 607–661.</p>
<p>Hooker, J.D. (1881) Compositae. <em>In</em>: Hooker, J.D. (ed.) <em>The Flora of British India</em>, vol. 3. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 219–419.</p>
<p>Li, H.M., Lazkov, G.A., Illarionova, I.D., Tong, T.J., Shao, Y.Y. & Ren, C. (2018) Transfer of <em>Senecio karelinioides</em> (Asteraceae-Senecioneae) to <em>Synotis</em> based on evidence from morphology, karyology and ITS/ETS sequence data. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 32: 1–12. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/njb.01838]</p>
<p>Li, Z., Zheng, H.L. & Tang, M. (2020) <em>Synotis panzhouensis</em> (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a distinct new species with red-purple pappus from southwestern Guizhou, China. <em>Phytokeys</em> 166: 79–86. [https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/58654/]</p>
<p>Ling, Y. (1937) Compositae sinenses novae vel minus cognitae (I). <em>Contributions from the Institute of Botany, National Academy of Peiping</em> 5 (1): 1–30.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>, vol. 1. L. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.</p>
<p>Liu, S.W. (2004) <em>Senecio</em> L. <em>In</em>: Wu, Z.Y. (ed.) <em>Flora Yunnanica</em>, vol. 13. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 418–436.</p>
<p>Liu, Y.L., Zhu, X.X., Peng, Y.L. & Tang, M. (2021) <em>Synotis jinshajiangensis </em>(Asteraceae: Senecioneae), a new species from northwestern Yunnan, China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 478 (1): 162–170. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.478.1.12</p>
<p>Liu, Y.L., Zhang, R., Ren, C., Liu, B., Zhang, Y. & Tang, M. (2020) On the specific identity of Chinese endemic species <em>Synotis longipes</em> (Compositae-Senecioneae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 472 (3): 269–276. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.472.3.5</p>
<p>Sennikov, A.N., Nuraliev, M.S., Kuznetsov, A.N. & Kuznetsova, S.P. (2020) New national records of Asteraceae from Hoang Lien National Park, northern Vietnam. <em>Wulfenia</em> 27: 1–9. [https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Wulfenia_27_0001-0009.pdf]</p>
<p>Tang, M. (2014) A Systematic Study of the Genus <em>Synotis</em> (Compositae-Senecioneae). PhD thesis. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.</p>
<p>Tang, M., Hong, Y. & Yang, Q.E. (2013a) <em>Synotis baoshanensis</em> (Asteraceae), a new species from Yunnan, China. <em>Botanical Studies</em> 54: e17. https://doi.org/10.1186/1999-3110-54-17</p>
<p>Tang, M., Wang, L.Y. & Yang, Q.E. (2013b) <em>Synotis xinningensis</em> (Asteraceae), a new species from Hunan, China. <em>Botanical Studies</em> 54: e16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1999-3110-54-16</p>
<p>Tang, M., Wang, L.Y. & Yang, Q.E. (2013c) The identity of <em>Synotis cordifolia </em>(Asteraceae-Senecioneae). <em>Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany</em> 21: 101–108. [http://jtsb.scib.ac.cn/jtsb_cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=3040&journal_id=jtsb_cn]</p>
<p>Tang, M., Ren, C. & Yang, Q.E. (2014) <em>Parasenecio chenopodiifolius</em> (Compsositae- Senecioneae) is a <em>Synotis </em>and conspecific with <em>S. otophylla </em>based on evidence from morphology, cytology and ITS/ETS sequence data. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 32: 824–835. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00574</p>
<p>Tang, M., Ren, C. & Yang, Q.E. (2017) Reinstatement of the Sino-Himalayan species <em>Senecio pentanthus </em>(Asteraceae, Senecioneae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 292: 253–261. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.3.5</p>
<p>Tang, M. & Chen, Y.S. (2021) <em>Blumea hunanensis</em> is a synonym of <em>Synotis nagensium</em> (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 487 (2): 149–156. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.2.5</p>
<p>Zhang, R., Liu, Y.L. & Tang, M. (2021) Four new synonyms in <em>Synotis</em> (Asteraceae, Senecioneae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 483 (3): 255–266. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.483.3.5</p>
<p>Chen, Y.L. (1999) <em>Synotis </em>(C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey & Y.L. Chen. <em>In</em>: Chen, Y.L. (ed.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em>, vol. 77 (1). Science Press, Beijing, pp. 167−217.</p>
<p>Chen, Y.L., Nordenstam, B. & Jeffrey, C. (2011) <em>Synotis</em> (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey & Y.L. Chen. <em>In</em>: Wu, Z.Y & Raven, P.H. (eds.) <em>Flora of China</em>, vols. 20–21. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 489–505.</p>
<p>Clarke, C.B. (1876) <em>Compositae Indicae</em>. Thacker, Spink and Co., Calcutta, 347 pp.</p>
<p>Clarke, C.B. (1889) On the plants of Kohima and Muneypore. <em>The Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany</em> 25: 1–107.</p>
<p>Craib, W.G. (1911) Contributions to the Flora of Siam (II). <em>Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information / Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</em> 10: 385–448.</p>
<p>Don, D. (1825) <em>Prodromus Florae Nepalensis</em>. J. Gale, London, 256 pp.</p>
<p>Jeffrey, C. & Chen, Y.L. (1984) Taxonomic Studies on the Tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) of Eastern Asia. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 39: 205–446. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4110124?seq=1]</p>
<p>Joshi, S., Shrestha, K. & Bajracharya, D.M. (2013)<em> Synotis managensis</em> (Senecioneae: Asteraceae) – a new species from Manang, Central Nepal. <em>Pleione</em> 11 (2): 177–186. https://doi.org/10.26679/Pleione.11.2.2017.177-186</p>
<p>Fei, W.Q., Tang, M., Wu, X. & Ren, C. (2020) Proposal to conserve the name <em>Senecio palmatisectus</em> (<em>Parasenecio palmatisectus</em>) against <em>S. pelleifolius</em> (Asteraceae). <em>Taxon</em> 69 (1): 202–203. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/tax.12192]</p>
<p>Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1936) <em>Symbolae sinicae: Botanische Ergebnisse der Expedition der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wein nach Südwest–China 1914–1918 (VII)</em>. Verlag von Julius Springer, Wien, pp. 1084–1450.</p>
<p>Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1937) Neue und bemerkenswerte chinesische Compositen, besonders aus dem Berliner Herbar. <em>Notizblatt des Königl. botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin</em> 13: 607–661.</p>
<p>Hooker, J.D. (1881) Compositae. <em>In</em>: Hooker, J.D. (ed.) <em>The Flora of British India</em>, vol. 3. L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 219–419.</p>
<p>Li, H.M., Lazkov, G.A., Illarionova, I.D., Tong, T.J., Shao, Y.Y. & Ren, C. (2018) Transfer of <em>Senecio karelinioides</em> (Asteraceae-Senecioneae) to <em>Synotis</em> based on evidence from morphology, karyology and ITS/ETS sequence data. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 32: 1–12. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/njb.01838]</p>
<p>Li, Z., Zheng, H.L. & Tang, M. (2020) <em>Synotis panzhouensis</em> (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a distinct new species with red-purple pappus from southwestern Guizhou, China. <em>Phytokeys</em> 166: 79–86. [https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/58654/]</p>
<p>Ling, Y. (1937) Compositae sinenses novae vel minus cognitae (I). <em>Contributions from the Institute of Botany, National Academy of Peiping</em> 5 (1): 1–30.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>, vol. 1. L. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.</p>
<p>Liu, S.W. (2004) <em>Senecio</em> L. <em>In</em>: Wu, Z.Y. (ed.) <em>Flora Yunnanica</em>, vol. 13. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 418–436.</p>
<p>Liu, Y.L., Zhu, X.X., Peng, Y.L. & Tang, M. (2021) <em>Synotis jinshajiangensis </em>(Asteraceae: Senecioneae), a new species from northwestern Yunnan, China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 478 (1): 162–170. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.478.1.12</p>
<p>Liu, Y.L., Zhang, R., Ren, C., Liu, B., Zhang, Y. & Tang, M. (2020) On the specific identity of Chinese endemic species <em>Synotis longipes</em> (Compositae-Senecioneae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 472 (3): 269–276. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.472.3.5</p>
<p>Sennikov, A.N., Nuraliev, M.S., Kuznetsov, A.N. & Kuznetsova, S.P. (2020) New national records of Asteraceae from Hoang Lien National Park, northern Vietnam. <em>Wulfenia</em> 27: 1–9. [https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Wulfenia_27_0001-0009.pdf]</p>
<p>Tang, M. (2014) A Systematic Study of the Genus <em>Synotis</em> (Compositae-Senecioneae). PhD thesis. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.</p>
<p>Tang, M., Hong, Y. & Yang, Q.E. (2013a) <em>Synotis baoshanensis</em> (Asteraceae), a new species from Yunnan, China. <em>Botanical Studies</em> 54: e17. https://doi.org/10.1186/1999-3110-54-17</p>
<p>Tang, M., Wang, L.Y. & Yang, Q.E. (2013b) <em>Synotis xinningensis</em> (Asteraceae), a new species from Hunan, China. <em>Botanical Studies</em> 54: e16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1999-3110-54-16</p>
<p>Tang, M., Wang, L.Y. & Yang, Q.E. (2013c) The identity of <em>Synotis cordifolia </em>(Asteraceae-Senecioneae). <em>Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany</em> 21: 101–108. [http://jtsb.scib.ac.cn/jtsb_cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=3040&journal_id=jtsb_cn]</p>
<p>Tang, M., Ren, C. & Yang, Q.E. (2014) <em>Parasenecio chenopodiifolius</em> (Compsositae- Senecioneae) is a <em>Synotis </em>and conspecific with <em>S. otophylla </em>based on evidence from morphology, cytology and ITS/ETS sequence data. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 32: 824–835. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00574</p>
<p>Tang, M., Ren, C. & Yang, Q.E. (2017) Reinstatement of the Sino-Himalayan species <em>Senecio pentanthus </em>(Asteraceae, Senecioneae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 292: 253–261. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.3.5</p>
<p>Tang, M. & Chen, Y.S. (2021) <em>Blumea hunanensis</em> is a synonym of <em>Synotis nagensium</em> (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 487 (2): 149–156. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.2.5</p>
<p>Zhang, R., Liu, Y.L. & Tang, M. (2021) Four new synonyms in <em>Synotis</em> (Asteraceae, Senecioneae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 483 (3): 255–266. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.483.3.5</p>