Abstract
Eunotia paludosa is an abundant and frequent diatom species in ombrotrophic, Sphagnum-dominated bog ponds in Europe. Analysis of the type material from Mandling, Austria, revealed that our currently accepted concept of E. paludosa, based on morphology, was incorrect. The valves in the type population of E. paludosa possess distinct, relatively large, acute spines on the dorsal margin, which are not present in what is currently understood under E. paludosa. Based on the comparison with the E. paludosa type material, three new Eunotia species are described. Eunotia sphagnicola encompasses all European populations formerly and thus incorrectly identified as E. paludosa. The former E. paludosa populations in the sub-Antarctic region are described as E. insularum, a widespread species on almost all sub-Antarctic islands. Finally, E. zackenbergensis was described from Greenland. The three new species differ from each other in valve dimensions, valve outline and shape of the apices.
References
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<p>Camburn, K.E. & Charles, D.F. (2000) Diatoms of low-alkalinity lakes in the northeastern United States. <em>Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Special Publication</em> 18: 1–152.</p>
<p>Cantonati, M. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (2011) Diatom monitors of close-to-pristine, very-low alkalinity habitats: three new <em>Eunotia</em> species from springs in Nature Parks of the south-eastern Alps. <em>Journal of Limnology</em> 70 (2): 209–211. https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2011.209</p>
<p>Cantonati, M., Lange-Bertalot, H., Decet, F. & Gabrieli, J. (2011) Diatoms in very-shallow pools of the site of community importance Danta di Cadore Mires (south-eastern Alps), and the potential contribution of these habitats to diatom biodiversity conservation. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 93 (3–4): 475–507. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2011/0093-0475</p>
<p>Chattová, B., Lebouvier, M., Syrovátka, V. & Van de Vijver, B. (2021) Moss-inhabiting diatom communities from Ile Amsterdam (TAAF, southern Indian Ocean). <em>Plant Ecology & Evolution</em> 154 (1): 63–79. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2021.1767</p>
<p>Cleve, A. (1895) On recent freshwater diatoms from Lule Lappmark in Sweden. <em>Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar</em> 21 (Afd. III, 2): 1–44.</p>
<p>Costa, L.F., Wetzel, C.E., Lange-Bertalot, H., Ector, L. & Bicudo, D.C. (2017) Taxonomy and ecology of <em>Eunotia</em> species (Bacillariophyta) in southeastern Brazilian reservoirs. <em>Bibliotheca Diatomologica</em> 64: 1–302.</p>
<p>Cox, E.J. & Ross, R. (1981) The striae of pennate diatoms.<em> In: </em>Ross, R. (Ed.) <em>Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Recent and Fossil Diatoms. Budapest, September 1-5, 1980. Taxonomy · Morphology · Ecology · Biology.</em> Otto Koeltz, Koenigstein. pp. 267–278.</p>
<p>Ehrenberg, C.G. (1837) Über ein aus fossilen Infusorien bestehendes, 1832 zu Brod verbacknes Bergmehl von den Grenzen Lapplands in Schweden. <em>Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königl. Preufs. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin </em>Zweiter Jarhrgang 1837: 43–45.</p>
<p>Flatberg, K., Whinam, J. & Lebouvier, M. (2011) Three species of <em>Sphagnum</em> endemic to Île Amsterdam, Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises: <em>S. cavernulosum</em> <em>sp. nov.</em>, S. <em>complanatum</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> and <em>S. islei</em>. <em>Journal of Bryology</em> 33 (2): 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743282010Y.0000000019</p>
<p>Furey, P.C., Lowe, R.L. & Johansen, J.R. (2011) <em>Eunotia</em> Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. <em>Bibliotheca Diatomologica</em> 56: 1–133.</p>
<p>Glushchenko, A., Kulikovskiy, M., Kuznetsova, I., Dorofeyuk, N. & Kociolek, J.P. (2018) New species and combinations in the genus <em>Eunotia</em> Ehrenberg 1837 (Bacillariophyceae: Eunotiaceae) from waterbodies of Southeastern Asia. <em>Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft</em> 147: 69–103. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova-suppl/2018/009</p>
<p>Gregory, W. (1854) Notice of the new forms and varieties of known forms occurring in the diatomaceous earth of Mull; with remarks on the classification of the Diatomaceae. <em>Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science</em> s1–2 (6): 90–100. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.s1-2.6.90</p>
<p>Grunow, A. (1862) Die österreichischen Diatomaceen nebst Anschluss einiger neuen Arten von andern Lokalitäten und einer kritischen Uebersicht der bisher bekannten Gattungen und Arten. Erste Folge. Epithemieae, Meridioneae, Diatomeae, Entopyleae, Surirelleae, Amphipleureae. <em>Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien</em> 12: 315–472 [Abt 1]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64361</p>
<p>Hilse, L. (1861 ‚1860‘) Beiträge zur Algen- und Diatomeen-Kunde Schlesiens, insbesondere Strehlens. <em>Jahres-Bericht der Schlesischen Gesellschaft für Vaterländische Kultur</em> 38: 75–86.</p>
<p>Hustedt, F. (1932) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz unter Berücksichtigung der übrigen Länder Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. Vol. VII. Teil 2. Lieferung 2.<em> In:</em> Anon. (Eds.)<em> Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. </em>Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Geest & Portig K.-G. pp. 177–320.</p>
<p>Hustedt, F. (1937) Süßwasserdiatomeen von Island, Spitzbergen und den Färöer-Inseln. <em>Botanisches Archiv</em> 38: 152–207.</p>
<p>Jüttner, I. & Van de Vijver, B. (2018) <em>A preliminary account of diatom taxa in the Falkland Islands.</em> Report to the Shackleton Scholarship Fund. 58 pp.</p>
<p>Kociolek, J.P., You, Q.-M., Stepanek, J., Lowe, R.L. & Q.-X. Wang (2016) A new <em>Eunotia</em> (Bacillariophyta: Eunotiales) species from Karst formations of southern China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 265 (3): 285–293. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.265.3.10</p>
<p>Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991) Bacillariophyceae 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae. Kritische Ergänzungen zu <em>Navicula</em> (Lineolatae) und <em>Gomphonema</em>. Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis Teil 1–4.<em> In: </em>Ettl, H., Gärtner, G., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H. & Mollenhauer, D. (eds.) <em>Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa</em>. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, 437 pp.</p>
<p>Kützing, F.T. (1849) <em>Species algarum</em>. Lipsiae [Leipzig]: F.A. Brockhaus. pp. [i]–vi, [1]–922. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60464</p>
<p>Lange-Bertalot, H., Bąk, M. & Witkowski, A. (2011) <em>Eunotia</em> and some related genera. <em>Diatoms of Europe</em> 6: 1–747.</p>
<p>Lange-Bertalot, H., Hofmann, G., Werum, M. & Cantonati, M. (2017) <em>Freshwater benthic diatoms of Central Europe: over 800 common species used in ecological assessment.</em> [English edition with updated taxonomy and added species (Cantonati, M. <em>et al.</em> Eds)] Schmitten-Oberreifenberg: Koeltz Botanical Books. pp. [1]–942.</p>
<p>Metzeltin, D. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1998) Tropical diatoms of South America I. About 700 predominantly rarely known or new taxa representative of the neotropical flora. <em>Iconographia Diatomologica</em> 5: 1–695.</p>
<p>Metzeltin, D. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (2007) Tropical diatoms of South America II. Special remarks on biogeographic disjunction. <em>Iconographia Diatomologica</em> 18: 1–876.</p>
<p>Patrick, R. & Reimer, C.W. (1966) The Diatoms of the United States exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. Volume 1. Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae, Achnanthaceae, Naviculaceae. <em>Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia</em> 13: 1–688.</p>
<p>Pavlov, A. & Levkov, Z. (2013) Diversity and distribution of taxa in the genus <em>Eunotia</em> Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) in Macedonia. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 86 (1): 1–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.86.1.1</p>
<p>Rabenhorst, L. (1864) <em>Flora europaea algarum aquae dulcis et submarinae. Sectio I. Algas diatomaceas complectens, cum figuris generum omnium xylographice impressis</em>. Lipsiae: Apud Eduardum Kummerum. pp. 1–359.</p>
<p>Ross, R., Cox, E.J., Karayeva, N.I., Mann, D.G., Paddock, T.B.B., Simonsen, R. & Sims, P.A. (1979) An amended terminology for the siliceous components of the diatom cell. <em>Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft</em> 64: 513–533.</p>
<p>Round, F.E. & Bukhtiyarova, L. (1996) Four new genera based on <em>Achnanthes</em> (<em>Achnanthidium</em>) together with a re-definition of <em>Achnanthidium</em>. <em>Diatom Research</em> 11 (2): 345–361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269249x.1996.9705389</p>
<p>Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990) <em>The diatoms: biology & morphology of the genera</em>. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 747 pp.</p>
<p>Simonsen, R. (1987) <em>Atlas and Catalogue of the Diatom Types of Friedrich Hustedt. </em>Volume 1. Catalogue. Berlin & Stuttgart: J. Cramer. pp. 1–525. Volume 2. Atlas, Plates 1–395, op 2–106. pp. 1–597. Volume 3. Atlas, Plates 396–772, op 107–175. pp. 1–619.</p>
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