Abstract
Three new species of Eugenia from the Atlantic rainforest of southeastern Brazil are here described, illustrated and compared with morphologically similar species. Additionally, a distribution map is provided and preliminary conservation statuses are proposed. Eugenia cabofriana can be recognized by its tomentose young shoots and leaves, fasciculiform inflorescences, tomentose pedicels and ovary, and glabrous calyx. Eugenia longimitra is remarkably distinctive due to its auxotelic and racemiform inflorescences, and flower buds with a rostrate apiculum, which at anthesis opens often through a calyptra or sometimes by irregular longitudinal tearing in two halves. Eugenia pachypoda can be recognized mainly by its leaves with adaxially biconvex midvein, petioles absent or up to 2 mm long, leaf bases obtuse or cordiform, pedicels corky and detaching in thin, longitudinal plates, and flower buds with the calyx visibly less pilose than the ovary.
References
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<p>Kausel, E. (1967) Lista de las Mirtáceas y Leptospermáceas Argentinas. <em>Lilloa</em> 32: 323–368.</p>
<p>Kuntze, O. (1898) Myrtaceae. <em>Revisio Generum Plantarum </em>3 (2): 1–576. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.327</p>
<p>Landrum, L.R. (1984) Taxonomic Implications of the Discovery of Calyptrate Species of <em>Myrceugenia</em> (Myrtaceae). <em>Brittonia </em>36: 161–166. https://doi.org/10.2307/2806624</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii, 471 pp.</p>
<p>Lucas, E.J., Amorim, B.S., Lima, D.F., Lima-Lourenço, A.R., NicLughadha, E.M., Proença, C.E.B., Rosa, P.O., Rosário, A.S., Santos, L.L., Santos, M.F., Souza, M.C., Staggemeier, V.G., Vasconcelos, T.N.C. & Sobral, M. (2018) A new infra-generic classification of the species-rich Neotropical genus <em>Myrcia </em>s.l. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 73: 9. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12225-017-9730-5</p>
<p>Mattos, J.R. (1989) Novidades taxonômicas em Myrtaceae V. <em>Loefgrenia</em> 94: 1–12.</p>
<p>Mattos, J.R. de (2005) Considerações sobre <em>Calycorectes </em>Berg. <em>Loefgrenia </em>120: 1–24.</p>
<p>Mazine, F., Bünger, M.O., Faria, J.E.Q., Lucas, E. & Souza, V.C. (2016) Sections in <em>Eugenia</em> (Myrteae, Myrtaceae): nomenclatural notes and a key. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 289: 225–236. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.2</p>
<p>Mazine, F.F., Faria, J.E.Q., Giaretta, A., Vasconcelos, T., Forest, F. & Lucas, E. (2018) Phylogeny and biogeography of the hyper-diverse genus <em>Eugenia</em> (Myrtaceae: Myrteae), with emphasis on <em>E</em>. sect. <em>Umbellatae</em>, the most unmanageable clade. <em>Taxon</em> 67: 752–769. https://doi.org/10.12705/674.5</p>
<p>Mazine, F.F., Bünger, M., Faria, J.E.Q., Fernandes, T., Giaretta, A., Valdemarin, K.S., Santana, K.C., Souza, M.A.D. & Sobral, M. (2020) Flora do Brasil 2020. Available at <http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/>. (accessed 24 January 2022).</p>
<p>Medeiros, M.F.T., Fonseca, V.S. & Andreata, E.H. (2004) Plantas medicinais e seus usos pelos sitiantes da Reserva Rio das Pedras, Mangaratiba, RJ, Brasil. <em>Acta Botanica Brasilica</em> 18: 391–399. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062004000200019</p>
<p>QGIS Development Team (2022) QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Available from: http://qgis.osgeo.org (accessed 24 January 2022).</p>
<p>Radford, A.E., Dickson, W.C., Massey, J.R. & Bell, C.R. (1974) <em>Vascular Plant Systematics.</em> Harper & Row Publ., New York, 891 pp.</p>
<p>Reflora (2022) Reflora – Herbário Virtual. Available from: http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/herbarioVirtual/ (accessed 9 February 2022).</p>
<p>Sobral, M. (2011) <em>Eugenia (Myrtaceae) no Paraná.</em> Eduel, Londrina, 236 pp.</p>
<p>Sobral, M., Costa, I.G., Souza, M.C & Zorzanelli, J.P.F. (2017) Five new species and one new combination in Brazilian Myrtaceae. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 307: 233–244. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.307.4.1</p>
<p>Tatagiba, F.C.P., Alves, R.J.V. & Silva, B.R. (2004) Two new white-flowered species of <em>Pitcairnia </em>from Brazil. <em>Selbyana </em>25: 27–32.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2022 [continuously updated]) <em>Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 11 January 2022)</p>
<p>Valdemarin, K.S. (2018) Estudo taxonômico das espécies de <em>Eugenia</em> L. (Myrtaceae) da Reserva Natural Vale – Linhares, ES. Masters dissertation. Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 106 pp.</p>
<p>Valdemarin, K.S., Giaretta, A., Sobral, M., Souza, V.C. & Mazine, F.F. (2019) Two new species of <em>Eugenia</em> (Myrtaceae, Myrteae) with fused calyx from the Atlantic coastal forest, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 403: 99–110. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.403.2.3</p>
<p>Valdemarin, K.S., Souza, V.C. & Mazine, F.F. (2020) Two new and threatened <em>Eugenia</em> (Myrtaceae) speacies from the Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa </em>468: 203–213. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.468.2.4</p>
<p>Vasconcelos, T.N.C., Prenner, G., Bünger, M.O., De-Carvalho, P.S., Wingler, A. & Lucas, E.J. (2015) Systematic and evolutionary implications of stamen position in Myrteae (Myrtaceae). <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 179: 388–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12328</p>
<p>Vellozo, J.M. da C. [1825] (1829) <em>Florae Fluminensis</em>. Typographia Nationali, Rio de Janeiro, 352 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.745</p>
<p>Vianna Filho, M.D.M. & Alves, R.J.V. (2010) <em>Pilea carautae</em> (Urticaceae), a new and endemic species from South-eastern Brazil. <em>Kew Bulletin </em>65: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-010-9222-3</p>
<p>WCSP (World Checklist Selected Plant Families) (2022 World Checklist of Myrtaceae. Available from: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/ (accessed 24 January 2022).</p>
<p>Werneck, M.S., Sobral, M.E.G., Rocha, C.T.V., Landau, E.C. & Stehmann, J.R. (2011) Distribution and endemism of angiosperms in the Atlantic Forest. <em>Natureza & Conservação</em> 9: 188–193. https://doi.org/10.4322/natcon.2011.024</p>
<p>Beentje, H. (2010) The Kew Plant Glossary, an illustrated dictionary of plant terms. London: Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens. 160 pp.</p>
<p>Berg, O. (1855–1856) Revisio Myrtacearum Americae. <em>Linnaea</em> 27: 1–472.</p>
<p>Berg, O. (1857–1859) Myrtaceae.<em> In: </em>Martius, C.F.P. von (Ed.) <em>Flora Brasiliensis</em>, vol. 14, pt. 1. Frid. Fleischer in Comm., Lipsiae [Leipzig] & Monachii [Munich], pp. 1–656. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.454</p>
<p>Briggs, B.G. & Johnson, L.A.S. (1979) Evolution in the Myrtaceae – Evidence from inflorescence structure. <em>Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales</em> 102: 157–254. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.61.7904</p>
<p>CRIA (2022) <em>speciesLink – Herbário Virtual da Flora e dos Fungos</em>. Available from: https://specieslink.net/ (accessed 9 February 2022).</p>
<p>De Candolle, A.P. (1827) Myrtacées. In Bory de Saint-Vincent, J.B.G.M. (org.) <em>Dictionnaire classique d’histoire naturelle</em> 11: 399–407.</p>
<p>ESRI (2022) Satellite Map. Available at: https://www.esri.com/en-us/maps-we-love/gallery/satellite-map (accessed 24 January 2022).</p>
<p>Faria, J.E.Q., Mazine, F.F. & Proença, C. (2015) Two new species of <em>Eugenia</em> (Myrtaceae) from the Cabo Frio Center of Plant Diversity, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa </em>208: 201–208. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.208.3.2</p>
<p>Giaretta, A., Lucas, E., Souza, M.C., Mazine, F.F. & Sano, P. (2018) Nomenclatural notes on <em>Eugenia </em>with closed calyces: <em>Calycorectes </em>O.Berg and <em>Mitranthes </em>O.Berg (Myrtaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 362: 282–286. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.362.3.4</p>
<p>Giaretta, A., Amorim, B.S., Sano, P.T., Souza, G. & Lucas, E. (2019a) Phylogenetic placement of new species with fused calyx reveals homoplastic character in <em>Eugenia</em> (Myrtaceae). <em>Systematic Botany</em> 44: 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364419X697903</p>
<p>Giaretta, A., Vasconcelos, T.N.C., Mazine, F.F., Faria, J.E.Q., Flores, R., Holst, B., Sano, P.T. & Lucas, E.J. (2019b) Calyx (con)fusion in a hyper-diverse genus: Parallel evolution of unusual flower patterns in <em>Eugenia</em> (Myrtaceae). <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution </em>139: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106553</p>
<p>Giaretta, A., Lucas, E.J. & Sano, P.T. (2021) Taxonomic monograph of <em>Eugenia </em>sect. <em>Schyzocalomyrtus </em>(Myrtaceae: Myrteae), a group within <em>Eugenia </em>with unusual flowers. <em>Phytotaxa </em>54: 135–177. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.524.3.1</p>
<p>Hickey, L.J. (1973) Classification of the architecture of Dicotyledonous leaves. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 60: 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1973.tb10192.x</p>
<p>IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) (2012) <em>IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria</em>. Version 3.1, 2nd ed. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, 32 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) (2019) <em>Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria</em>. Version 14. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 24 January 2022).</p>
<p>JSTOR (2022) <em>Global Plants</em>. Available from: https://plants.jstor.org/ (accessed 9 February 2022).</p>
<p>Kausel, E. (1967) Lista de las Mirtáceas y Leptospermáceas Argentinas. <em>Lilloa</em> 32: 323–368.</p>
<p>Kuntze, O. (1898) Myrtaceae. <em>Revisio Generum Plantarum </em>3 (2): 1–576. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.327</p>
<p>Landrum, L.R. (1984) Taxonomic Implications of the Discovery of Calyptrate Species of <em>Myrceugenia</em> (Myrtaceae). <em>Brittonia </em>36: 161–166. https://doi.org/10.2307/2806624</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii, 471 pp.</p>
<p>Lucas, E.J., Amorim, B.S., Lima, D.F., Lima-Lourenço, A.R., NicLughadha, E.M., Proença, C.E.B., Rosa, P.O., Rosário, A.S., Santos, L.L., Santos, M.F., Souza, M.C., Staggemeier, V.G., Vasconcelos, T.N.C. & Sobral, M. (2018) A new infra-generic classification of the species-rich Neotropical genus <em>Myrcia </em>s.l. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 73: 9. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12225-017-9730-5</p>
<p>Mattos, J.R. (1989) Novidades taxonômicas em Myrtaceae V. <em>Loefgrenia</em> 94: 1–12.</p>
<p>Mattos, J.R. de (2005) Considerações sobre <em>Calycorectes </em>Berg. <em>Loefgrenia </em>120: 1–24.</p>
<p>Mazine, F., Bünger, M.O., Faria, J.E.Q., Lucas, E. & Souza, V.C. (2016) Sections in <em>Eugenia</em> (Myrteae, Myrtaceae): nomenclatural notes and a key. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 289: 225–236. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.2</p>
<p>Mazine, F.F., Faria, J.E.Q., Giaretta, A., Vasconcelos, T., Forest, F. & Lucas, E. (2018) Phylogeny and biogeography of the hyper-diverse genus <em>Eugenia</em> (Myrtaceae: Myrteae), with emphasis on <em>E</em>. sect. <em>Umbellatae</em>, the most unmanageable clade. <em>Taxon</em> 67: 752–769. https://doi.org/10.12705/674.5</p>
<p>Mazine, F.F., Bünger, M., Faria, J.E.Q., Fernandes, T., Giaretta, A., Valdemarin, K.S., Santana, K.C., Souza, M.A.D. & Sobral, M. (2020) Flora do Brasil 2020. Available at <http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/>. (accessed 24 January 2022).</p>
<p>Medeiros, M.F.T., Fonseca, V.S. & Andreata, E.H. (2004) Plantas medicinais e seus usos pelos sitiantes da Reserva Rio das Pedras, Mangaratiba, RJ, Brasil. <em>Acta Botanica Brasilica</em> 18: 391–399. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062004000200019</p>
<p>QGIS Development Team (2022) QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Available from: http://qgis.osgeo.org (accessed 24 January 2022).</p>
<p>Radford, A.E., Dickson, W.C., Massey, J.R. & Bell, C.R. (1974) <em>Vascular Plant Systematics.</em> Harper & Row Publ., New York, 891 pp.</p>
<p>Reflora (2022) Reflora – Herbário Virtual. Available from: http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/herbarioVirtual/ (accessed 9 February 2022).</p>
<p>Sobral, M. (2011) <em>Eugenia (Myrtaceae) no Paraná.</em> Eduel, Londrina, 236 pp.</p>
<p>Sobral, M., Costa, I.G., Souza, M.C & Zorzanelli, J.P.F. (2017) Five new species and one new combination in Brazilian Myrtaceae. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 307: 233–244. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.307.4.1</p>
<p>Tatagiba, F.C.P., Alves, R.J.V. & Silva, B.R. (2004) Two new white-flowered species of <em>Pitcairnia </em>from Brazil. <em>Selbyana </em>25: 27–32.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2022 [continuously updated]) <em>Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff</em>. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 11 January 2022)</p>
<p>Valdemarin, K.S. (2018) Estudo taxonômico das espécies de <em>Eugenia</em> L. (Myrtaceae) da Reserva Natural Vale – Linhares, ES. Masters dissertation. Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 106 pp.</p>
<p>Valdemarin, K.S., Giaretta, A., Sobral, M., Souza, V.C. & Mazine, F.F. (2019) Two new species of <em>Eugenia</em> (Myrtaceae, Myrteae) with fused calyx from the Atlantic coastal forest, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 403: 99–110. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.403.2.3</p>
<p>Valdemarin, K.S., Souza, V.C. & Mazine, F.F. (2020) Two new and threatened <em>Eugenia</em> (Myrtaceae) speacies from the Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo, Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa </em>468: 203–213. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.468.2.4</p>
<p>Vasconcelos, T.N.C., Prenner, G., Bünger, M.O., De-Carvalho, P.S., Wingler, A. & Lucas, E.J. (2015) Systematic and evolutionary implications of stamen position in Myrteae (Myrtaceae). <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 179: 388–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12328</p>
<p>Vellozo, J.M. da C. [1825] (1829) <em>Florae Fluminensis</em>. Typographia Nationali, Rio de Janeiro, 352 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.745</p>
<p>Vianna Filho, M.D.M. & Alves, R.J.V. (2010) <em>Pilea carautae</em> (Urticaceae), a new and endemic species from South-eastern Brazil. <em>Kew Bulletin </em>65: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-010-9222-3</p>
<p>WCSP (World Checklist Selected Plant Families) (2022 World Checklist of Myrtaceae. Available from: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/ (accessed 24 January 2022).</p>
<p>Werneck, M.S., Sobral, M.E.G., Rocha, C.T.V., Landau, E.C. & Stehmann, J.R. (2011) Distribution and endemism of angiosperms in the Atlantic Forest. <em>Natureza & Conservação</em> 9: 188–193. https://doi.org/10.4322/natcon.2011.024</p>