Taxonomic Enumeration of ferns and lycophytes from Popa, Mandalay Region in Myanmar

KIYOTAKA HORI; HARALD SCHNEIDER; PHYO KAY KHINE

doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.558.1.3

Issue: Vol. 558 No. 1: 11 August 2022

Type: Article

Published: 2022-08-11

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.558.1.3

Page range: 53-66

Abstract views: 41

PDF downloaded: 4

Taxonomic Enumeration of ferns and lycophytes from Popa, Mandalay Region in Myanmar

KIYOTAKA HORI⁺⁻
HARALD SCHNEIDER⁺⁻
PHYO KAY KHINE⁺⁻

The Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden, Kochi, Japan

Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China

arid region biodiversity historical records pteridophytes species occurrence

Requires Subscription or Fee PDF (2MB)

Abstract

In Myanmar, most of the botanical surveys and plant inventories available have been based on a short period of intensive collecting activities in the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries. Previous data show strong biases in effort across plant groups, with ferns and lycophytes rather poorly covered. For example, naturalists and plant hunters had given little attention to the Mt. Popa, Kyaukpadaung Township, Mandalay Region. Mt. Popa, an extinct volcano, is distinct for its unique ecosystem that differs strongly from the surrounding arid region of Central Dry Zone of Myanmar. To contribute to the flora documentation in Myanmar and to better understand the species distribution of ferns and lycophytes in Southeast Asia, we compiled a critical checklist of ferns and lycophytes of Mt. Popa and the surrounding area, based on records documented in the literature and recent surveys. In this enumeration, we list 50 species belonging to 14 families and 29 genera for the Popa region, contributing about 8% of the total ferns and lycophytes recorded in Myanmar. Considering the size of the study area, i.e., 0.02% of the total land area of Myanmar, the region is rich in ferns and lycophytes. We report 21 fern and lycophyte species as the first records for Popa region and the first certain record of Ophioglossum reticulatum in Myanmar. This baseline data from a region previously poorly known for ferns and lycophytes significantly contributes to the upcoming “Flora of Myanmar”.

References

Agardh, J.G. (1839) Recensio specierum generis pteridis. typis Berlingianis, Lundæ. 86 pp.
Alston, A.H. (1931) The journal of botany, Birthish and foreign 1931: 102. [Rendle, A.B. (Ed.) Taylor & Francis, London]
Alston, A.H. (1960) Algunas especies nuevas de helechos de Sudamérica. Lilloa 30: 107–112.
Baker, J.G. (1883) Synopsis Filicum: A synopsis of all known ferns including the Osmundaceae, Schizaceae, Marattiaceae, and Ophioglossaceae (2nd ed.). W.H. Allen & Co., London, 559 pp.
Baker, J.G. (1895) Decades kewenses: Plantarum novarum in herbario horti regii conservatarum. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) 1895: 53–56.  https://doi.org/10.2307/4118477
Baker, J.G. (1906) Decades kewenses: Plantarum novarum in herbario horti regii conservatarum. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) 1906: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.2307/4115504
Beddome, R.H. (1863) The ferns of Southern India being description and plates of the ferns of the Madras Presidency. Adelphi Press, Madras, 88 pp.
Beddome, R.H. (1866) The ferns of British India being figures and descriptions of ferns from all parts of British India (Exclusive of those figured in “the ferns of Southern India and Ceylon”), Vol. 2. Adelphi Press, Madras. 345 pp.
Bijmoer, R., Scherrenberg, M.& Creuwels, J. (2021) Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL)-Botany. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/ib5ypt [WWW Document]. URL https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2516976570 (accessed 26 September 2021).
Blume, C.L. (1828) Enumeratio plantarum Javae et insularum adjacentium: minus cognitarum vel novarum ex herbariis Reinwardtii, Kuhlii, Hasseltii et Blumii. Apud J.W. van Leeuwen, Lugduni Batavorum. 274 pp.
Brownsey, P.J. & Jermy, A.C. (1973) A fern collecting expedition to Crete. Brititsh fern gazette 10: 331–348.
Candolle, A.P. (1817) Ranunculaceae. In: Regni Vegetabilis Systema Naturale, Vol. 1. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, pp. 127–394.
Ching, R.C. (1933a) The studies of Chinese ferns IX–Lepisorus (J.Sm.) Ching, gen. nov., Lemmaphyllum Presl, Neocheiropteris Christ. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology 4: 47–116.
Ching, R.C. (1933b) The studies of Chinese ferns X–Microsorium, Colysos, Leptochilus, Selliguea. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology 4: 293–362.
Ching, R.C. (1935) On the genus Pyrrosia Mirbel from the Mainland of Asia including Japan and Formosa.[Studies of Chinese ferns XII]. Bulletin of the Chinese Botanical Society 1: 36–72.
Ching, R.C. (1936) A revision of the Chinese and Sikkim-Himalayan Dryopteris with reference to some species from neighboring regions. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Botany 6: 237–352.
Ching, R.C. (1938) A revision of the Chinese and Sikkim-Himalayan Dryopteris with reference to some species from neighboring regions. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Botany 8: 157–268.
Ching, R.C. (1941) The studies of Chinese ferns XXXI–Aleuritopteris Fée. Hong Kong Naturalist 10: 194–204.
Ching, R.C. (1963) A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the Mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 8: 289–335.
Ching, R.C. (1965) Asplenium unilaterale Lam. and its confused species in China. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 10: 183–191.
Christ, H. (1898) Fougeres de mengtze. Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 6: 956–973.
Christensen, C. (1906) Index filicum, sive, Enumeratio omnium generum specierumque filicum et Hydropteridum ab anno 1753 ad finem anni 1905 descriptorium: adjectis synonymis principalibus, area geographica, etc. H. Hagerup, Hafniae [Copenhagen]. 745 pp.
Christensen, C. (1924) Plantae Sinenses a Dre. H. Smith Annis 1921–1922 Lectae. III. Pteridophyta. Acta Horti Gothoburgensis 1: 41–110.
Christensen, C. (1940) Asiatic pteridophyta collected by Joseph F. Rock, 1920–1924. In: Bartram, E.B., Blake, S.F., Christensen, C., Killip, E.P., Morton, C.V., Pittier, H. & Trelease, W. (Eds.) Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, Vol. 26, Systematic plant studies: maninly tropical American, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C, pp. 265–338.
Clarke, C.B. (1879) A review of the ferns of Northern India. Transactions of the Linnean Society 1: 425–611.
Copeland, E.B. (1907) A revisioin of Tectaria with special regards to the Philippines species. Philippines Journal of Science 2: 409–418.
Desvaux, N.A. (1811) Der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin Magazin für die neuesten Entdeckungen in der gesammten Naturkunde. Realschulbuchhandlung, Berlin. 424 pp.
Dickason, F.G. (1946) The ferns of Burma. Ohio Journal of Science 46: 109–141.
Don, D. (1825) Prodromus Florae Nepalensis, sive enumeratio vegetabilium, quae in itinere per Nepaliam proprie dictam et rgiones conterminas, Ann. 1802–1803. Detexit atque legit D.D. Franciscus Hamilton, (Olim Buchanan) M.D., London. 256 pp.
Farwell, O.A. (1931) Fern Notes II: Ferns in the herbarium of Parke. American Midland Naturalist 12: 233–311.  https://doi.org/10.2307/2420088
Fée, A.L.A. (1852) Genera filicum. Exposition des genres de la famille des Polypodiacées (classe des fougères), J.B. Baillière & Victor Masson, Paris; V. Berger-Levrault, Strasbourg. 387 pp.
Forsskål, P. (1775) Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica sive descriptiones plantarum, quas per aegyptum inferiorem et arabiam felicem. ex officina Mölleri, Hauniæ (Copenhagen). 220 pp.
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. & Dulawat, C.S. (2009) A summary of Indian Cheilanthoid ferns and the discovery of Negripteris (Pteridaceae), an Afro-Arabian fern genus new to India. Fern Gazette 18: 216–229.
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. (2014) Silver ferns of Bangladesh and the exclusion of reported Aleuritopteris grisea (Blanf.) Panigrahi (Pteridophyta, Pteridaceae). Bangladesh Journal of Bottany 42: 195–206.  https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18020
Gaudichaud-Beaupré, C. (1826) Voyage autour du monde, entrepris par ordre du roi. Exeìcuteì sur les corvettes de S.M. l’Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les anneìes 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Chez Pillet aîneì, Paris. 522 pp.
Giesenhagen, K.F.G. (1901) Die Farngattung Niphobolus. G. Fischer, Jena. 223 pp.
Hayata, B. (1914) Icones plantarum formos narum nec non et contributiones ad floram formosanam, Vol. 4. Bureau of Productive Industry, Government of Formosa, Taihoku. 264 pp.
Hayata, B. (1915) Icones plantarum formos narum nec non et contributiones ad floram formosanam, vol. 5. Bureau of Productive Industry, Government of Formosa, Taihoku. 358 pp.
Hayata, B. (1927) On the systematic importance of the stelar system in the filicales, I. Botanical Magazine, Tokyo 41: 697–718.  https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.41.697
Holttum, R.C. (1972) Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl. Blumea 20: 105–126.
Holttum, R.E. (1988) Studies in the fern genera allied to Tectaria Cav. VII. Species of Tectaria sect. Sagenia (Presl) Holttum in Asia excluding Malesia. Kew Bulletin 43: 475–489.  https://doi.org/10.2307/4118979
Hooker, W.J. (1823) Exotic Flora containing figures and descriptions of new, rare, or otherwise interesting exotic plants, especially of sucah as are deserving of being cultivated in our garden; together with remarks upon their generic and specific characters, natural orders, history, culture, time of flowering, Vol. 1. Printed for Blackwood, W., Edinburgh. 80 pp.
Hooker, W.J. (1831) Botanical miscellany; containing figures and descripterion of such plants as recommend themselces by their novelty, rarity, or history, or by the uses to which they are applied in the arts, in medicine, and in domestic economy; together with occasional botanical notices and information. Vol. 2. John Murray, London. 421 pp.
Hooker, W.J. (1858) Species Filicum; being descriptions of the known ferns, particularly of such as exist in the author’s herbarium, or are with sufficient accuracy described in works to which he has access; accompanied with numerous figures, Vol. 2 containing Adiantum–Ceratopteris plates LXXL–CXL. William Pamplin, London. 250 pp.
Hooker, W.J. & Arnott, G.A.W. (1841) China. In: The botany of Captain Beechey’s voyage; comprising an acount of the plants collected by Messrs Lay and Collie, and other officers of the expedition, during the voyage to the Pacific and Behring’s Strait, performed in His Majesty’s ship Blossom, under the command of Captain F. W. Beechey, R.N., F.R., & A.S., in the years 1825, 26, 27, and 28. H. G. Bohn, London, pp. 166–258.
Hori, K. (2021) Taxonomic Enumeration of Natma Taung National Park, vol. 1. The Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden, Japan & Forest Department, Ministry of Natural Resource and Environmental Conservation, Myanmar, pp. 49–102. [Fujikawa, K., Baba, Y., Shin, T., Moe, A.Z. & Mizukami, H. (Eds.)]
Hori, K. & Moe, A.Z. (2019) Hymenasplenium quangnamense (Aspleniaceae) New to Myanmar. Journal of Japanese Bottany 95: 321–324.
Htun, N.Z., Mizoue, N. & Yoshida, S. (2011) Tree species composition and diversity at different levels of disturbance in Popa Mountain Park, Myanmar. Biotropica 43: 597–603.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00753.x
Istituto Oikos and BANCA (2011) Myanmar protected areas: context, current status and challenges. Ancora Libri, Milano. 153 pp.
Itô, H. (1938) Nuntia de Filicibus Japonensibus (VIII). Journal of Japanese Botany 14: 443.
Iwatsuki, K. (1959) Taxonomic Studies of Pteridophyta IV. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 18: 44–59.
Iwatsuki, K. (1963) Thelypteriod ferns of Thailand and Laos collected by Dr. T. Tuyama in 1957–58. Journal of Japanese Botany 38: 313–315.
Kaulfuss, G.F. (1824) Enumeratio Filicum quas in itinerecirca terram legit Cl. Adalbertus de Chamisso adiectis in omnia harum plantarum genera permultasque species non satis cognitas vel novas Animadversionibus. Knobloch, K., Leipzig, 300 pp.
Khine, P.K., Fraser-Jenkins, C., Lindsay, S., Middleton, D., Miehe, G., Thomas, P. & Kluge, J. (2017) A Contribution Toward the Knowledge of Ferns and Lycophytes from Northern and Northwestern Myanmar. American Fern Journal 107: 219–256.  https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444-107.4.219
Khine, P.K. & Schneider, H. (2020) First assessment of pteridophytes’ composition and conservation status in Myanmar. Global Ecology and Conservation 22: e00995.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00995
Kim, Y.D. & Cho, S.H. (2014) Plant. In: Park, S.J. & Kil, H.J. (Eds.) Biodiversity of Mt. Popa, Myanmar. National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, pp. 1–224.
Kuhn, F.A.M. (1879) Cryptogamae vasculares. In: Ascherson, P.F.A., Boeckeler, J.O., Klatt, F.W. & Kuhn, F.A.M. (Eds.) Botanik von Ost Afrika. Paul Günther Lorentz & Otto Wilhelm Sonder, Leipzig, pp. 7–71.
Kunze, D.G. (1846) Pugillus Tertius Plantarum, Adhuc ineditarum seu in hortis minus cognitarum, quas Annis 1843–1846, praeter alias alio loco descriptas vel describendas, coluit hortus botanicus univers. litterarum lipsiensis. In: Schlechtendal, D.F.L. (Ed.) Linnaea: Ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange, Band 20. C.A. Schwestschke & Sohn, Halle, pp. 1–781.
Kunze, D.G. (1848) Botanische Zeitung herausgegeben von Hugo von Mohl & D. F. L., A von Schlechtendal, sechter Jahrgang 1848 mit sieben lithographirten Tafeln. A. Förstner, Berlin. 912 pp.
Kurz, S. (1877) Forest flora of British Burma. Office of the superintendent of government printing, Calcutta. 588 pp.
Kyi, Y.Y. (1992) Preliminary report on vegetation and flora of Mount Popa. Yangon. 23 pp.
Kyi, Y.Y. & Moe, A.Z. (1997) Plant biodiversity of Mount Popa, Part I. Yangon. 5 pp.
Lamarck, J.P. (1786) Encyclopédie méthodique, Botanique. Panckoucke; Plomteux, Paris; Liège. pp. 774.
Lin, Y.X. & Viane, R. (2013) Aspleniaceae. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) Flora of China, vols. 2–3. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 267–316.
Lindsay, S. & Middleton, D.J. (2009) Towards a stable nomenclature for Thai ferns. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 37: 64–106.
Lindsay, S., Hovenkamp, P.H. & Middleton, D.J. (2017) New combinations and typifications in Aglaomorpha (Polypodiaceae). The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 69: 149–155.  https://doi.org/10.26492/gbs69(1).2017-08
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Vol. 2. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 1200 pp.
Linnaeus, C. (1767) Car. a Lineìe mantissa plantarum, gernerum editionis VI et. Specierum editionis II, Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 142 pp.
Linnaeus, C. (1771) Car. a Linneì equ. aur. mantissa plantarum altera generum editionis VI. & specierum editionis II, Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 588 pp.
Manton, I., Roy, S.K. (1966) The cytotaxonomy of some members of the Cheilanthes farinosa complex in Africa and India. Kew Bulletin 18: 553–565.  https://doi.org/10.2307/4115801
Mettenius, G. (1856) Über einige Farngattungen. I. Polypodium. In: Abhandlungen, herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. Zweiter Band mit Tafel I–XVIII. Heinrich Ludwig Brcenner, Frankfurt A.M., pp. 1–138.
Mettenius, G. (1859) Über einige Farngattungen. VI Asplenium. Tafel IV–VI. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 3: 100–254.
Moore, T. (1857) Index filicum: a synopsis, with characters of the genera, and an enumeration of the species of ferns, with synonymes, references. W. Pamplin, London. 204 pp.
Murakami, N. & Hatanaka, S.I. (1988) A revised taxonomy of the Asplenium unilaterale complex in Japan and Taiwan. Journal of the Faculty of Science, the University of Tokyo 14: 183–199.
Nwe, T.Y., Moon, M.O., Hwang, I.C., Lee, S.H. & Sun, B.Y. (2016) New records of ferns in the flora of Myanmar found in Natma Taung National Park in the Chin State. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 46: 283–287.  https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2016.46.3.283
Panigrahi, G. (1975) Notes of cartain taxa of Thelypteris Schmidel (Thelypteridaceae) of Asia. Phytologia 30: 407–414.
Poiret, J.L.M. (1814) Encyclopédie Méthodique. Botanique. Vol. 3. C.H. Agasse, London. 558 pp.
PPGI. (2016) A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54: 563–603.  https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12229
Presl, C.B. (1836) Tentamen Pteridographiae, seu genera filicacearum praesertim juxta venarum decursum et distributionem exposita. Typis Filiorum Theophili Haase, Pragae. 290 pp.
Presl, C.B. (1849) Epimeliæ Botanicæ: Cum tabulis quindecim lithographicis. Typis filiorum Amadei Hasse, Pragae, 264 pp.
Price, M.G. (1990) Four new Asian Loxogramme. American fern Journal 80: 4–8.  https://doi.org/10.2307/1547300
Roux, J.P. (2009) Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23: 1–296.
Roxburgh, W. (1844) The cryptogamos plants of Dr. Roxburgh, forming the forth and last part of the Flora Indica. Calcutta Journal of Natural History and Miscellany of the Arts and Sciences in India 4: 465–520.
Singh, A.P., Mishra, S., Gupta, S., Behera, S.K. & Khare, P.B. (2009) Studies on the Genus Ophioglossum L. in Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve, Madhya Pradesh India. Taiwania 54: 353–364.  https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2009.54(4).353
Smith, J. (1842a) An arrangement and definition of the fenera of ferns with observations on the affinirties of each genus. Journal of botany 4: 147–197.
Smith, J. (1842b) Genera of ferns. In: Hooker, W.J. (Ed.) The London journal of botany: containing figures and descriptions of such plants as recommend themselves by their novelty, rarity, history, or uses: together with botanical notices and information and and occasional portraits and memoirs of eminent botanists. Hippolyte BaillieÌre, London, pp. 419–438.
Sprengel, C. (1827) Systema vegetabilium, editio decima sexta. Vol. 4 (2). Libraria Dietrichiana, Göttingen. 410 pp.
Spring, A.F. (1843) Enumeratio Lycopodinearum, quas in ejusdem plantarum ordinis monographia descripsit II. Selaginella (continuatio). Bulletin de l’académie royale des sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelle 10: 225–235.
Spring, A.F. (1846) Cryptogamae vasculares. In: Vaillant, A.N. (Ed.) Voyage autour du monde: exeìcuteì pendant les anneìes 1836 et 1837 sur la corvette la Bonite. Arthus Bertrand, Paris, pp. 1–329.
Swartz, O. (1801) Genera et species filicum. Schraders Journal für die Botanik 1800: 1–120.
Tagawa, M. (1938) Spicilegium Pteridographiae Asiae Orientalis 15. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 7: 72–87.  https://doi.org/10.18942/bunruichiri.KJ00002594477
Tanaka, N. (2005) Plant inventory research: contributions to the flora of Myanmar. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 56: 21–26.
Tanaka, N. (2006) The flowering plants of Mt. Popa, central Myanmar, results of Myanmar-Japanese joint expeditions 2000-2004. Makinoa 5: 1–95.
Tanaka, N. & Nagamasu, H. (2007) A new record of Gmelina tomentosa Fletcher (Verbenaceae) from Myanmar. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 57: 233–236.
Tanaka, N., Yukawa, T., Htwe, K.M. yo, Koyama, T. & Murata, J. (2011) New or noteworthy plant collections from Myanmar (7): fourteen additional species of Orchidaceae. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 61: 161–165.
Thunberg, C.P. (1784) Caroli a Linneì equitis Systema vegetabilium, secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus et differentiis. Typis et impensis Jo. Christ. Dieterich, Gottingae. pp. 926.
Von Willdenow, C.L. (1794) Phytographia sev descriptio rariorvm minvs rognitarum plantarvm. Fascicvlvs primvs. Cvm tabvlis aeneis. Svmptibus Wolfgangi Walther, Erlanga. 15 pp.
Wallich, N. (1828) Numerical list of dried specimens of plants in the Museum of the Honl. East India Company. London. 306 pp.
Xu, K.W., Zhang, L., Lu, N.T., Zhou, X.M., He, H., Luong, T.T., Knapp, R., Liao, W.B. & Zhang, L.B. (2018) Nine new species of Hymenasplenium (Aspleniaceae) from Asia. Phytotaxa 358: 1–25.  https://10.11646/phytotaxa.358.1.1
Xu, K.W., Chen, C.W., Kamau, P., Liao, W.B. & Zhang, L.B. (2019) Four new species of the fern genus Hymenasplenium (Aspleniaceae) from Africa and Asia. Phytotaxa 416: 34–42.  https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.416.1.4
Yesilyurt, J.C. & Schneider, H. (2010) The new fern genus Calciphilopteris (Pteridaceae). Phytotaxa 7: 52–59.  https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.7.1.7