Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 22: 30 Nov. 2022
Type: Proceedings Papers
Published: 2022-11-30
DOI: 10.11646/zoosymposia.22.1.43
Page range: 78–79
Abstract views: 133
PDF downloaded: 12

Brevipalpus (Tenuipalpidae) and orchid fleck virus (OFV) in South Africa: what do we know?

Citrus Research International, Research Division, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
Citrus Research International, Biosecurity Division, Gqeberha, South Africa
Citrus Research International, Graft Transmissible Diseases, Nelspruit, South Africa
Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
Tenuipalpidae Brevipalpus South Africa orchid

Abstract

Certain species of Brevipalpus (Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae) are able to transmit viruses of the citrus leprosis complex, a serious non-systemic disease of citrus. This disease is endemic to Central and South America, and is characterised by necrotic lesions with chlorotic halos on twigs, leaves and fruit. Citrus leprosis is caused by two types of RNA viruses: cytoplasmic (CL-C) and nuclear (CL-N). In South Africa, CL-N symptoms were detected in 2018 in citrus orchards in the Sundays River Valley (SRV) of the Eastern Cape (Fig 1), and found to be associated with trees testing positive for orchid fleck virus (OFV) (Cook et al. 2019). Mites from this site identified as B. californicus s.l. tested positive for OFV. It is assumed that the entry pathway of OFV virus into South Africa was via the trade of orchid pot plants, and that it was then transmitted to citrus by viruliferous B. californicus. This is the first CL virus-vector association and putative transmission from orchids to citrus identified in South Africa.

References

  1. Beard, J.J., Ochoa, R., Bauchan, G.R., Trice, M.D., Redford, A.J., Walters, T.W. & Mitter, C. (2012) Flat Mites of the World. Edition 2. Identification Technology Program, CPHST, PPQ, APHIS, USDA; Fort Collins, CO. Available from: http://idtools.org/id/mites/flatmites/ (June 10, 2022)

  2. Beard, J.J., Ochoa, R., Braswell, W.E. & Bauchan, G.R. (2015) Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) species complex (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) - A closer look. Zootaxa, 3944, 1–67.  https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3944.1.1

  3. Cook, G., Kirkman, W., Clase, R., Steyn, C., Basson, E., Fourie, P.H., Moore, S.D., Grout, T.G., Carstens, E. & Hattingh, V. (2019) Orchid fleck virus associated with the first case of citrus leprosis-N in South Africa. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 155, 1373–1379.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01854-4

  4. Meyer, M. (Smith) (1979) The Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of Africa with keys to the world fauna. Entomology. Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Entomology Memoir No. 50., Pretoria, South Africa, 135 pp.

  5. Saccaggi, D.L., Ueckermann, E.A., du Toit, I. & Ngubane-Ndhlovu, N.P. (2017) First records of Brevipalpus lewisi McGregor (Acari: Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae) in South Africa, with notes on distribution and field ecology. African Entomology, 25, 523–528.