Abstract
The taxonomy of the Colombian species of the genus Tmolus Hübner, [1819] is revised. A new species, Tmolus tschubi Prieto, sp. nov., is described from a hilltop locality in the Río Minero basin, Boyacá, Colombia. Adults and genitalia are illustrated and compared with those of Tmolus crolinus Butler & Druce, 1872 and Celmia conoveria (Schaus, 1902). Comparative analysis of genitalic characters supports the reassignment of several species previously placed in Celmia Johnson, 1991 to Tmolus, resulting in a revised generic concept consistent with recent phylogenomic hypotheses and the following new combinations: Tmolus conoveria (Schaus, 1902) comb. nov., Tmolus mecrida (Hewitson, 1867) comb. nov., Tmolus anastomosis (Draudt, [1918]) comb. nov., and Tmolus color (Druce, 1907) comb. nov. An updated checklist of Colombian species and a dichotomous key for the identification of males are provided.
References
- DeVries, P. (1990) Enhancement of symbioses between butterfly caterpillars and ants by vibrational communication. Science, 248 (4959), 1104–1106. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.248.4959.1104
- DeVries, P. (1991) Call production by myrmecophilous riodinid and lycaenid butterfly caterpillars (Lepidoptera): morphological, acoustical, functional, and evolutionary patterns. American Museum Novitates, 3025, 1–23.
- Johnson, K. (1991) Neotropical Hairstreak Butterflies: Genera of the "Calycopis/Calystryma Grade" of Eumaeini (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae) and their Diagnostics. Reports of the Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin, 21, [iv] + 128 pp., 87 figs.
- Johnson, K., Kruse, J.J. & Kroenlein, K.R. (1997) The Macusiina, a new infratribe of the Eumaeini with description of ten new genera (Lycaenidae). Revista de Theclinae Colombianos, 2 (13), 1–39.
- Klots, A.B. (1970) Lepidoptera. In: Tuxen, S.L. (Ed.), Taxonomist’s glossary of genitalia in insects. Copenhage, pp. 115–130.
- Prieto, C. (2011) The genus Micandra Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) in Colombia, with the description of a new species from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Zootaxa, 3040 (1), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3040.1.7
- Prieto, C., Boyer, P., Trujano-Ortega, M. & Lorenc-Brudecka, J. (2025) The butterfly genus Laothus (Lycaenidae), with the description of a new species and a morphology-based phylogenetic outline. Zootaxa, 5723 (1), 71–92. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5723.1.3
- Prieto, C., Pinilla, C. & Lorenc-Brudecka, J. (2024) Integrative description of Thaeides ramoni sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), a sympatric sibling species of Thaeides theia (Hewitson, 1870) found in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Zootaxa, 5501 (1), 181–190. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5501.1.9
- Prieto, C., Grishin, N., Hausmann, A. & Lorenc-Brudecka, J. (2016) The Penaincisalia amatista species-group (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Eumaeini) in Colombia, insights from mt DNA barcodes and the description of a new species. Systematic Biodiversity, 14, 171–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2015.1112314
- Prieto, C., Bálint, Zs., Boyer, P. & Micó, E. (2008) A review of the “browni group” of Penaincisalia with notes on their distribution and variability (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini). Zootaxa, 1941 (1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1941.1.1
- Prieto, C. & Rodriguez, G. (2007) A new species of Penaincisalia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) from the high Andes of Colombia. Zootaxa, 1660 (1), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1660.1.5
- Pyrcz, T.W., Lorenc-Brudecka, J., Zubek, A., Prieto, C., Boyer, P., Florczyk, K., Wacławick, B. & Lachowska-Cierlik, D. (2018) Considerations on the taxonomy of the genus Arhuaco Adams and Bernard 1977, and its relationships with the genus Pronophila Doubleday [1849] (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Neotropical Entomology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-018-0641-4
- Robbins, R.K. (1991) Evolution, comparative morphology, and identification of the eumaeine butterfly genus Rekoa Kaye (Lycaenidae: Theclinae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 498, 1–64. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.498
- Robbins, R.K. & Venables, B.A. (1991) Synopsis of a new neotropical hairstreak genus, Janthecla, and description of a new species (Lycaenidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society, 45 (1), 11–33.
- Robbins, R.K. (2004) Checklist of Eumaeini, 98. In: Lamas, G. (Ed.), Checklist of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Part 4A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, pp. 118–137.
- Robbins, R.K., Cong, Q., Zhang, J., Shen, J., Busby, R.C., Faynel, C., Duarte, M., Martins, A.R.P., Prieto, C., Lamas, G. & Grishin, N.V. (2022) Genomics-based higher classification of the species-rich hairstreaks (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini). Systematic Entomology, 47 (3), 445–469. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12541
- Scudder, S.H. (1875) Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies: A contribution to systematic nomenclature. Proceedings of the american Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10 (2), 91–293. https://doi.org/10.2307/20021416
- Shorthouse, D.P. (2010) SimpleMappr, an online tool to produce publication-quality point maps. Available from: http//www. simplemappr.net (accessed 22 December 2023)
