Jiménez-Ferbans, Larry, Pedro Reyes-Castillo, and Jack C. Schuster. 2015. “Passalidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) of the Greater and Lesser Antilles”. Zootaxa 3956 (4). Auckland, New Zealand:491–512. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3956.4.3.