Mullins, Patricia L., Edward G. Riley, and John D. Oswald. “Identification, Distribution, and Adult Phenology of the Carrion Beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Texas”. Zootaxa 3666, no. 2 (May 30, 2013): 221–251. Accessed June 9, 2025. https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.3666.2.7.