Abstract
For many years the North American cyprinid fish Macrhybopsis aestivalis (common name: Speckled Chub) was regarded as a single widespread and morphologically variable species, occurring in rivers throughout much of the Mississippi Valley and geographically adjacent eastern Gulf slope drainages, west to the Rio Grande basin in Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico. Eisenhour (1997) completed a morphological study of western populations of the Speckled Chub, the results of which appeared thereafter in published form (Eisenhour 1999, 2004). He demonstrated the existence of five valid species west of the Mississippi River (aestivalis, marconis, australis, tetranema, hyostoma), of which the name aestivalis was shown to be restricted to the population occurring in the Rio Grande and the geographically adjacent Rio San Fernando system, in northeastern Mexico. Eisenhour (2004) considered populations throughout the middle Mississippi Valley and its major tributaries to be a single morphologically variable species (hyostoma), and he also indicated that populations of Macrhybopsis from eastern Gulf slope drainages may represent a complex of species. Genetic confirmation of Eisenhour’s conclusions regarding western species appeared in the publication by Underwood et al. (2003), who also showed that western populations of M. hyostoma, as presently recognized, are genetically much more complex than previously considered.
Meanwhile, the present authors were involved in a companion study of eastern populations of Macrhybopsis, for which a genetic summary of the eastern Gulf coast species was published by Mayden & Powers (2004). Based on their findings, four species were recognized from southeastern drainages (identified as species A–D), although no formal taxonomic descriptions were included. Their genetic data, in combination with meristic, morphometric and other morphological data presented herein, form the basis for a revised classification of eastern Macrhybopsis populations, including formal descriptions of the four new species from eastern Gulf coast drainages.
References
Anderson, J.B. (2011) Eustatically-controlled evolution of the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain. pp. 10–11 in Abstracts of 91st annual ASIH meetings, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 506 pp.
Anderson, J.B., Rodriguez, A.B., Abdulah, K.C., Fillon, R.H., Bandfield, L.A., McKeown, H.A. & Wellner, J.S. (2004) Late Quaternary stratigraphic evolution of the northern Gulf of Mexico margin: a synthesis. In. Anderson, J.B. & Fillon, R.H. (Eds.), Late Quaternary Stratigraphic Evolution of the Northern Gulf of Mexico SEPM, Special Publication pp. 1–23.
https://doi.org/10.2110/pec.04.79.0001Bailey, R.M. (1951) A check list of the fishes of Iowa with keys for identification. In: Harlan, J.R. & Speaker, E.B. (Eds.), Iowa Fish and Fishing. Iowa State Conservation Commssion, Des Moines. pp. 187–238.
Bailey, R.M. (1956) A revised list of the fishes of Iowa, with keys for identification. In: Harlan, J.R. & Speaker, E.B. (Eds.), Iowa Fish and Fishing. Iowa State Conservation. Commission, Des Moines. pp. 327–377.
Bailey, R.M. & Allum, M.O. (1962) Fishes of South Dakota. Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 119, 1–131.
Bailey, R.M., Winn, H.E. & Smith, C.L. (1954) Fishes from the Escambia River, Alabama and Florida, with ecologic and taxonomic notes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 106, 109–164.
Bart, H.L. & Cashner, R.C. (1980) New records for the northern studfish, Fundulus catenatus, in the lower Mississippi and Gulf coastal drainages. Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings, 3 (2), 1–4.
Becker, G.C. (1983) Fishes of Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison. xii + 1052 pp.
Berendzen, P.B., Dugan, J.F. & Gamble, T. (2010) Post-glacial expansion into the Paleozoic Plateau: evidence of an Ozarkian refugium for the Ozark minnow, Notropis nubilus (Teleostei: Cypriniformes). Journal of Fish Biology, 77, 1114–1136.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02769.xBerendzen, P.B., Gamble T. & Simons, A.M. (2008) Phylogeography of the bigeye chub, Hybopsis amblops (Teleostei: Cypriniformes): early Pleistocene diversification and post-glacial range expansion. Journal of Fish Biology, 73, 2021–2039.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02046.xBerendzen, P.B., Olson, W.M. & Barron, S.M. (2009) The utility of molecular hypotheses for uncovering morphological diversity in the Notropis rubellus species group (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Copeia, 2009 (4), 661–673.
https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-09-013Berendzen, P.B., Simons A.M., Wood, R.M., Dowling T.E. & Secor, C.L. (2008) Recovering cryptic diversity and ancient drainage patterns in eastern North America: historical biogeography of the Notropis rubellus species group (Teleostei: Cypriniformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46, 721–737.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.008Böhlke, J.E. (1953) A catalogue of the type specimens of recent fishes in the Natural History museum of Stanford University. Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin, 5 (1), 1–68.
Boschung, Jr., H.T. (1961) An annotated list of fishes from the Coosa River system of Alabama. American Midland Naturalist, 66 (2), 257–285.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2423028Boschung, H.T. (1989) Atlas of fishes of the upper Tombigbee River drainage, Alabama-Mississippi. Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings, 19, 1–104.
Boschung, H.T. (1992) Catalog of freshwater and marine fishes of Alabama. Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History, 14, 1–266.
Boschung, H.T. & Mayden, R.L. (2004) Fishes of Alabama. Smithsonian Books, Washington, D.C. xviii + 736 pp.
Bottrell, C.E., Ingersol, R.H. & Jones, R.W. (1964) Notes on the embryology, early development, and behavior of Hybopsis aestivalis tetranemus (Gilbert). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 83, 391–399.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3224757Branson, B.A. (1963) The olfactory apparatus of Hybopsis gelida (Girard) and Hybopsis aestivalis (Girard) (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Journal of Morpholology, 113, 215–229.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051130208Branson, B.A. (1975) Post-hatching sequence of olfactory lamella formation and pigmentation in Hybopsis aestivalis (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Copeia, 1975 (1), 109–112.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1442412Breukelman, J. (1940) A collection of Kansas fishes in the State University Museum. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 40, 112–121.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3625545Broughton, R.E. & Gold, J.R. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships in the North American cyprinid genus Cyprinella (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) based on sequences of the Mitochondrial ND2 and ND4L genes. Copeia, 2000 (1), 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2000)2000[0001:PRITNA]2.0.CO;2Burr, B.M. & Mayden, R.L. (1999) A new species of Cycleptus (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) from Gulf slope drainages of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, with a review of the distribution, biology, and conservation status of the genus. Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History, 20, 19–57.
Burr, B.M. & Page, L.M. (1986) Zoogeography of fishes of the lower Ohio-upper Mississippi basin. In: Hocutt, C.H. & Wiley, E.O. (Eds.), The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 699–724. (Chapter 9)
Burr, B.M. & Warren, M.L. (1986) A distributional atlas of Kentucky fishes. Kentucky Nature Preserves Commission Science and Technology Series, 4. xvi + 398 pp.
Carney, D.A., Page, L.M. & Keevin, T.M. (1992) Fishes of the Tippecanoe River, Indiana: An outstanding midwestern stream. Procedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 101, 201–219.
Cashner, R.C., Suttkus, R.D., Pezold, F.L. & Grady, J.M. (1979) The status of the southern redbelly dace, Chrosomus erythrogaster, in Mississippi. Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings, 3 (1), 1–3.
Clay, W.M. (1975) The Fishes of Kentucky. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Frankfort. vii +416 pp.
Cleary, R.E. (1956) The distribution of the fishes of Iowa. In: Harlan, J.R. & Speaker, E.B. Iowa Fish and Fishing. (Third Edition). Iowa State Consservation Commission, pp. 267–324.
Clemmer, G.H. (1971) The systematics and biology of the Hybopsis amblops complex. Ph.D. disser., Tulane University. 154 pp., 15 figs.
Clemmer, G.H. & Suttkus, R.D. (1971) Hybopsis lineapunctata, a new cyprinid fish from the upper Alabama River system. Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany, 17 (2), 21–30.
Coburn, M.N. & Cavender, T.M. (1992) Interrelationships of North American minnows. In: Mayden, R.L. (Ed.), Systematics, Historical Ecology, & North American Freshwater Fishes. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. pp. 328–373.
Cockerell, T.D.A. & Allison, E.M. (1909) The scales of some American Cyprinidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 22, 157–164.
Conner, J.V. & Suttkus, R.D. (1986) Zoogeography of freshwater fishes of the western Gulf slope of North America. In: Hocutt, C.H. & Wiley, E.O. (Eds.), The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 413–456. (Chapter 12)
Cook, F.A. (1959) Freshwater Fishes in Mississippi. Mississippi Game and Fish Commission, Jackson. 239 pp.
Cope, E.D. & Yarrow, H.C. (1875) Report upon the collections of fishes made in portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, during the years 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. Geological and Geographic Exploration & Survey west of 100th Meridian, 5 (6), 637–700, pls. 26–32.
Cross, F.B. (1967) Handbook of fishes of Kansas. Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, 45, 1–357.
Cross, F.B., Mayden, R.L. & Stewart, J.D. (1986) Fishes in the western Mississippi basin (Missouri, Arkansas and Red rivers). In: C. H. Hocutt, C.H. & Wiley, E.O. (Eds.), The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 363–412. (Chapter 11)
Dahlberg, M.D. & Scott, D.C. (1971) The freshwater fishes of Georgia. Bulletin of the Georgia Academy of Science, 29, 1–64.
Davis, J.D. & Miller, R.J. (1967) Brain patterns in minnows of the genus Hybopsis in relation to feeding habits and habitat. Copeia, 1967 (1), 1–37.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1442172Dimmick, W.W. (1988) Ultrastructure of North American cyprinid maxillary barbels. Copeia, 1988 (1), 72–80.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1445924Dimmick, W.W. (1993) A molecular perspective on the phylogenetic relationships of the barbeled minnows, historically assigned to the genus Hybopsis (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2, 173–184.
https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1993.1018Douglas, N.H. (1974) Freshwater Fishes of Louisiana. Claitor’s Publishing Division, Baton Rouge. xiii + 443 pp.
Eddy, S. & Surber, T. (1947) Northern fishes. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. (2nd Ed.). 276 pp.
Eisenhour, D.J. (1997) Systematics, variation, and speciation of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis complex (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) west of the Mississippi River. Ph.D. disser., Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. 258 pp.
Eisenhour, D.J. (1999) Systematics of Macrhybopsis tetranema (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Copeia, 1999 (4), 969–980.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1447972Eisenhour, D.J. (2004) Systematics, variation, and speciation of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis complex west of the Mississippi River. Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History, 23, 9–46.
Eschmeyer, W.N. (1998) Catalog of Fishes. Vol. 1. California Academy of Science, Special Publication, 1. 958 pp.
Etnier, D.A. & Starnes, W.C. (1994) The Fishes of Tennessee. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville. xi-xiv + 681 pp. (dated “1993”)
Evermann, B.W. (1918) The fishes of Kentucky and Tennessee: a distributional catalogue of the known species. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 35, 295–368.
Evermann, B.W. & Hildebrand, S.F. (1916) Notes on the fishes of east Tennessee. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 34, 433–451.
Forbes, S.A. & Richardson, R.E. (1920) The fishes of Illinois. (2nd Ed.), Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana. cxxxvi + 357 pp. and separate vol. of 103 maps.
Gammon, J.R. & Gammon, C.W. (1993) Changes in the fish community of the Eel River resulting from agriculture. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 102, 67–82.
Gammon, J.R., Gammon, C.W. & Tucker, L.E. (1991) The fish communities of Sugar Creek. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 99, 141–153.
Gerking, S.D. (1945) Distribution of the fishes of Indiana. Investigations of Indiana Lakes and Streams, 3, 1–137.
Gilbert, C.H. (1884) A list of fishes collected in the East Fork of White River, Indiana, with description of two new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 7 (423), 199–205.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.7-423.199Gilbert, C.H. (1886) Third series of notes on Kansas fishes. Bulletin of the Washburn College Labratory of Natural History, 1 (7), 207–211.
Gilbert, C.H. (1891) Notes on explorations made in Alabama in 1889, with notes on the fishes of the Tennessee, Alabama, and Escambia rivers. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission (1889), 9, 143–159.
Gilbert, C.R. (1987) Zoogeography of the freshwater fish fauna of southern Georgia and peninsular Florida. Brimleyana, 13, 25–54.
Gilbert, C.R. (1998) Type catalogue of Recent and fossil North American freshwater fishes: families Cyprinidae, Catostomidae, Ictaluridae, Centrarchidae and Elassomatidae. Florida Museum of Natural History, Special Publication 1. 284 pp.
Gilbert, C.R. (2009) The “lost” Jordan and Hay fish collection at Butler University. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 118 (2), 143–186.
Gilbert, C.R. & Burgess, G.H. (1980a) Notropis dorsalis (Agassiz), Bigmouth shiner. In: Lee, D.S. (Ed.), Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh. p. 260.
Gilbert, C.R. & Burgess, G.H. (1980b) Percina copelandi (Jordan), Channel darter. In: Lee, D.S. (Ed.), Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh. p. 721
Gilbert, C.R. & Yerger, R.W. (1992) Extrarius n. sp. cf aestivalis. In: Gilbert, C.R. (Ed.), Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Vol. II. Fishes. University Press of Florida. pp. 133–137.
Girard, C. (1856) Researches upon the cyprinoid fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of the United States, west of the Mississippi River, from specimens in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philaelphia, 8 (5), 165–213.
Greene, C.W. (1935) The Distribution of Wisconsin Fishes. Wisconsin State Conservation Commission, Madison. 235 pp. + 96 maps.
Greene, Jr., D.L., Rodriguez, A.B. & Anderson, J.B. (2007) Seaward-branching Coastal-plain and Piedmont incised-valley systems through multiple sea-level cycles: Late Quaternary examples from Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound, U.S.A. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 77, 139–158.
https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2007.016Higgins, T.M. (1977) Geographic variation in the North American speckled chub, Hybopsis aestivalis (Girard): Cyprinidae. Master of Science thesis, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond.
Hsű, K.J. (1972) When the Mediterranean dried up. Scientific American, 227 (6), 26–36.
https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1272-26Hsű, K.J. (1978) When the Black Sea was drained. Scientific American, 238 (5), 52–63.
https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0578-52Hubbs, C.L. (1940a) Speciation of fishes. American Naturalist, 74 (752), 198–211.
https://doi.org/10.1086/280888Hubbs, C.L. (1940b) Fishes from the Big Bend region of Texas. Transactions of the Texas Academy of Science (1938–1939), 23, 3–12.
Hubbs, C.L. (1941) The relation of hydrological conditions to speciation in fishes. In: A Symposium on Hydrobiology. Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison Wisconsin. pp. 182–195.
Hubbs, C.L. (1945) Corrected distributional records for Minnesota fishes. Copeia, 1945 (1), 13–22.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1438166Hubbs, C.L. (1946) List of the fishes of Oklahoma. In: A.D. Aldrich, Fish Management guide to Oklahoma. Oklahoma Game and Fish Commission (5th edition). pp. 36–39.
Hubbs, C.L. & Lagler, K.F. (1947) Fishes of the Great Lakes region. Cranbrook Institute of Science, 26,. xi + 186 pp. + 251 figs.
Hubbs, C.L. & Lagler, K.F. (2004) Fishes of the Great Lakes region. (Revised edition [edited by G. R. Smith]). University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. xvii + 276 pp. + 204 figs.
Hubbs, C.L. & Ortenburger, A.I. (1929) Further notes on the fishes of Oklahoma with descriptions of new species of Cyprinidae. Publications of the University of Oklahoma Biological Survey, 1 (2), 17–43.
Humphries, J.M., Bookstein, F.L., Chernoff, B., Smith, G.R., Elder, R.I. & Poss, S.L. (1981) Multivariate discrimination by shape in relation to size. Systematic Zoology, 30, 291–308.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2413251Jenkins, R.E. (1980) Moxostoma erythrurum (Rafinesque), Golden redhorse. In: Lee, D.S. (Ed.), Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. North Carolina State Mueum of Natural History, Raleigh. pp. 421–422.
Jenkins, R.E. & Burkhead, N.M. (1994) Freshwater fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda Maryland. vii-xxiii + 1079 pp. (dated “1993”)
Jenkins, R.E. & Lachner, E.A. (1971) Criteria for analysis and interpretation of the American fish genera Nocomis Girard and Hybopsis Agassiz. Smithsonian Contributions in Zoology, 90, 1–15.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.90Johnson, R.B. (1942) The distribution of Nebraska fishes. Ph.D. disser., University of Michigan. 145 pp., 51 pls.
Jordan, D.S. (1877) A partial synopsis of the fishes of upper Georgia, with supplementary papers on fishes of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Indiana. Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History, 11, 307–377.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1876.tb00086.xJordan, D.S. (1885) A catalogue of the fishes known to inhabit the waters of North America, north of the Tropic of Cancer, with notes on the species discovered in 1883 and 1884. Annual Report of the Commission of Fish and Fisheries (Part XIII, Appendix E), 787–973. (reprint pagination pp. 1–185).
Jordan, D.S. (1919) New genera of fishes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1918), 70, 341–344.
Jordan, D.S. & Brayton, A.M. (1878) Contributions to North American ichthyology, based primarily on the collections of the United States National Museum. III. A.-On the distribution of fishes of the Alleghany region of South Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee, with descriptions of new or little known species. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 12, 1–95.
Jordan, D.S. & Evermann, B.W. (1896) Fishes of North and Middle America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 47 (1), iii–lx, 1–1240.
Jordan, D.S., Evermann, B.W. & Clark, H.W. (1930) Check list of the fishes and fishlike vertebrates of North and Middle America, north of the northern boundary of Venezuela and Columbia. Report of the United States Fish Commission (1928) (Appendix X), 1–670.
Jordan, D.S. & Gilbert, C.H. (1886) List of fishes collected in Arkansas, Indian Territory, and Texas, in September 1884, with notes and descriptions. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 9 (549), 1–25.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.549Kuhne, E.R. (1939) A guide to fishes of Tennessee and the mid-South. Division of Fish and Game, Tennessee Department of Conservation, Nashville. 124 pp.
Luttrell, G.R., Echelle, A.A., Fisher, W.L. & Eisenhour, D.J. (1999) Declining status of two species of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in the Arkansas River basin and related effects of reservoirs as barriers to dispersal. Copeia, 1999 (4), 981–989.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1447973Mabee, P.M. & Humphries, J. (1993) Coding polymorphic data: Examples from allozymes and ontogeny. Systematic Biology, 42, 166–181.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2992539Mayden, R.L. (1985) Biogeography of Ouachita Highland fishes. Southwestern Naturalist, 30, 195–211.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3670734Mayden, R.L. (1987) Pleistocene glaciation and historical biogeography of North American central-highland fishes. In: Johnson, W.C. (Ed.), Quarternary Environments of Kansas. Kansas Geological Survey Guidebook Series, 5. pp. 141–151.
Mayden, R.L. (1988) Vicariance biogeography, parsimony, and evolution in North American freshwater fishes. Systematic Zoology, 37 (4), 331–357.
https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/37.4.329Mayden, R.L. (1989) Phylogenetic studies of North American minnows, with emphasis on the genus Cyprinella (Teleostei: Cypriniformes). Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 80, 1–189.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5480Mayden, R.L. (1997) A hierarchy of species concepts: the denouement in the saga of the species problem. In: Claridge, M.F., Dawah, H.A. & Wilson, M.R. (Eds.), Species, the Units of Biodiversity. Chapman Hall. pp. 381–424.
Mayden, R.L. (1999) Consilience and a hierarchy of species concepts: advances toward closure on the species puzzle. Journal of Nematology, 31 (2), 95–116.
Mayden, R.L., Burr, B.M., Page, L.M. & Miller, R.R. (1992) The native freshwater fishes of North America. In: Mayden, R.L. (Ed.), Systematics, Historical Ecology, & North American Freshwater Fishes. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. pp. 827–863 (Chapter 29)
Mayden, R.L. & Matson, R.H. (1992) Systematics of the Tennessee Shiner, Notropis leuciodus (Cope) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Copeia, 1992 (4), 954–968.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1446625Mayden, R.L. & Powers, S.L. (2004) Biochemical systematics and species diversiy in the Macrhybopsis aestivalis species complex from Gulf Coast rivers, with comments on species relationships (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). In: de Lourdes Lozano Vilano, M. & Contreras Balderas, A.J. (Eds.), Homenaje al Doctor Andrés Resendez Medina, un Ictilogico Mexicano. Universidad Autnoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico. pp. 299–314.
Mayden, R.L. & Wood, R.M. (1995) Systematics, species concepts, and the evolutionarily significant unit in biodiversity and conservation biology. In: Nielsen, J.L. (Ed.), Evolution and the aquatic ecosystem: Defining unique units in population conservation. Special Publication no. 17. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. pp. 58–113
Meek, S.E. (1885) Description of a new species of Hybopsis (Hybopsis montanus). Proceeding of the United States National Museum, 7 (461), 526–527.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.461.526Meek, S.E. (1895) Notes on the fishes of western Iowa and eastern Nebraska. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 14, 133–138.
Metcalf, A.L. (1966) Fishes of the Kansas River system in relation to zoogeography of the Great Plains. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, 17, 23–189.
Mettee, Jr., M.F. (1970) A survey of the fishes of the Choctawhatchee Bay drainage in Alabama and Florida. M. Sc., thesis, University of Alabama. 93 pp.
Mettee, M.F., O’Neil, P.E. & Pierson, J.M. (1996) Fishes of Alabama and the Mobile Basin. Oxmoor House, Birmingham, Alabama. xi + 820 pp.
Miller, R.R., Minckley, W.L. & Norris, S.M. (2006) Freshwater Fishes of Mexico. University of Chicago Press. xxv + 490 pp. (dated “2005”)
Moore, G.A. (1950) The cutaneous sense organs of the barbeled minnows adapted for life in the muddy streams of the Great Plains region. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 69, 69–95.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3223350Nagel, B.C. & Simons, A.M. (2012) Rapid diversification in the North American minnow genus Nocomis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 63, 639–649.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.013Near, T.J., Page, L.M. & Mayden, R.L. (2001) Intraspecific phylogeography of Percina evides (Percidae: Etheostomatinae): an additional test of the Central Highlands pre-Pleistocene vicariance hypothesis. Molecular Ecology, 10, 2235–2240.
Nei, M. (1978) Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics, 89, 582–590.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01362.xNelson, J.S., Crossman, E.J., Espinosa-Pérez, H., Findley, L.T., Gilbert, C.R., Lea, R.N. & Williams, J.D. (2004) Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. (Sixth edition) American Fisheries Society, Special Publication no. 29. vii-ix + 386 pp.
Niazi, A.D. & Moore, G.A. (1962) The Weberian Apparatus of Hybognathus placitus and H. nuchalis (Cyprinidae). Southwestern Naturalist, 7 (1), 41–50.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3669442Oakey, D.D., Douglas, M.E. & Douglas, M.R. (2004) Small fish in a large landscape: diversification of Rhinichthys osculus (Cyprinidae) in western North America. Copeia, 2004 (2), 207–221.
https://doi.org/10.1643/CG-02-264R1Page, L.M. & Burr, B.M. (1991) A Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes of North America North of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. xii + 432 pp.
Page, L.M., Espinosa-Pérez, H., Findley, L.T., Gilbert, C.R., Lea, R.N., Mandrak, N.E., Mayden, R.L. & Nelson, J.S. (2013) Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States Canada, and Mexico. (Seventh edition) American Fisheries Society, Special Publication no. 34. vii-ix + 384 pp.
Pera, T.P. & Armbruster, J.W. (2006) A new species of Notropis (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) from the southeastern United States. Copeia, 2006 (3), 423–430.
https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2006)2006[423:ANSONC]2.0.CO;2Pflieger, W.L. (1975) The Fishes of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, Columbia. 343 pp.
Quinn, J.H. (1958) Plateau surfaces of the Ozarks. Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science, 11, 36–43.
Ray, J.M., Wood, R.M. & Simons, A.M. (2006) Phylogeogeography and post-glacial colonization patterns of the rainbow darter, Etheostoma caeruleum (Teleostei: Percidae). Journal of Biogeography, 33 (9), 1550–1558.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01540.xReno, H.W. (1969) Cephalic lateral-line systems of the cyprinid genus Hybopsis. Copeia, 1969 (4), 736–773.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1441800Robins, C.R., Bailey, R.M., Bond, C.E., Brooker, J.R., Lachner, E.A., Lea, R.N. & Scott, W.B. (1991) Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. (Fifth edition) American Fisheries Society, Special Publication no. 20, 183 pp.
Robison, H.W. & Buchanan, T.M. (1988) Fishes of Arkansas. The University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville. 536 pp.
Ross, S.T. (2001) The Inland Fishes of Mississippi. University Press of Mississippi, Oxford. 624 pp.
Schönhuth, S. & Mayden, R.L. (2010) Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Cyprinella (Actipopterygii: Cyprinidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 55, 77–98.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.10.030Scott, D.C. (1951) Sampling fish populations in the Coosa River, Ala. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 80, 28–40.
https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1950)80[28:SFPITC]2.0.CO;2Shute, J.R. (1980) Fundulus catenatus (Storer), Northern studfish. In: Lee, D.S. (Ed.), Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh. p. 509.
Smith, P.W. (1979) The Fishes of Illinois. University of Illinois Press, Urbana. xxix + 314 pp.
Smith-Vaniz, W.F. (1968) Freshwater Fishes of Alabama. Auburn University Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, Alabama. vii + 211 pp.
Starnes, W.C. & Etnier, D.A. (1986) Drainage evolution and fish biogeography of the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers drainage realm. In: Hocutt, C.H. & Wiley, E.O. (Eds.), The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes. John Wiley & Sons, New York. pp. 325–361 (Chapter 10).
Starnes, W.C. & Starnes, L.B. (1980) Phoxinus erythrogaster (Rafinesque), Southern redbelly dace. In: Lee, D.S. (Ed.), Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh. p. 337.
Starrett, W.C. (1950) Food relationships of the minnows and darters of the Des Moines River, Iowa. Ecology, 31 (2), 216–233.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1932388Starrett, W.C. (1951) Some factors affecting the abundance of minnows in the Des Moines River, Iowa. Ecology, 32 (1), 13–27.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1930969Stauffer, Jr., J.R., Boltz, J.R. & White, L.R. (1995) The fishes of West Virginia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 146, 1–389.
Stauffer, Jr., J.R. & Hocutt, C.H. (1980) Etheostoma caeruleum Storer, Rainbow darter. In: Lee, D. S. (Ed.), Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh. p. 631.
Stiles, R.A. & Etnier, D.A. (1971) Fishes of the Conasauga River drainage, Polk and Bradley counties, Tennessee. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, 46, 12–16.
Sublette, J.E., Hatch, M.D. & Sublette, M. (1990) The Fishes of New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 393 pp. + 44 col. pls.
Suttkus, R.D. (1961) Review of: Freshwater Fishes in Mississippi, by Fannye A. Cook. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 90 (2), 233–234.
Suttkus, R.D. & Bailey, R.M. (1993) Etheostoma colorosum and Etheostoma bellator, two new darters, subgenus Ulocentra, from southeastern United States. Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany, 29 (1), 1–28.
Suttkus, R.D., Thompson, B.A. & Bart, H.L. (1994) Two new darters, Percina (Cottogaster), from the southeastern United States, with a review of the subgenus. Tulane University Museum Studies in Natural History, 4, 1–46.
Swift, C.C., Gilbert, C.R., Bortone, S.A., Burgess, G.H. & Yerger, R.W. (1986) Zoogeography of the freshwater fishes of the southeastern United States: Savannah River to Lake Pontchartrain. In: Hocutt, C.H. & Wiley, E.O. (Eds.), The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes. John Wiley & Sons, New York. pp. 213–265 (Chapter 7).
Swofford, D.L. (1993) Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony. Illinois Natural Survey, Champaign.
Swofford, D.L. & Olson, G.J. (1990) Phylogeny reconstruction. In: Hillis, D.M. & Moritz, C. (Eds.), Molecular Systematics. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts. pp. 411–501.
Swofford, D.L. & Selander, R.B. (1981) BIOSYS-1: a FORTRAN program for the comprehensive analysis of electrophoretic data in population genetics and systematics. Journal of Heredity, 72, 281–283.
Taylor, W.R. (1969) A revision of the catfish genus Noturus Rafinesque with an analysis of higher groups in the Ictaluridae. Bulletin of the Unied States National Museum, 282, 1–315.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.282.1Tomelleri, J.R. & Eberle, M.E. (1990) Fishes of the Central United States. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence. 226 pp + 44 col. pls.
Trautman, M.B. (1957) The Fishes of Ohio. Ohio State Univesity Press, Columbus. xvii + 683 pp.
Trautman, M.B. (1981) The Fishes of Ohio. (revised Ed.). Ohio State University Press, Columbus. xxv + 782 pp.
Underwood, D.M., Echelle, A.A., Eisenhour, D.J. Jones, M.D., Echelle, A.F. & Fisher, W.L. (2003) Genetic variation in western members of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis complex (Teleostei; Cyprinidae), with emphasis on those of the Red and Arkansas river basins. Copeia, 2003 (3), 493–501.
https://doi.org/10.1643/CG-02-033R1Vail, P.R. & Hardenbol, J. (1979) Sea level changes during the Tertiary. Oceanus, 22 (3), 71–79.
Vail, P.R., Mitchum, Jr., R.M. & Thompson, III, S. (1977) Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level. Part 4. Global cycles of relative changes of sea level. American Association of Petroleum Geology Memoirs, 26, 83–97.
Wallace, R.K. (1980) Hybopsis aestivalis (Girard), speckled chub. In: Lee, D.S., Gilbert, C.R. & Hocutt, C.H., Jenkins, R.E., McAllister, D.E. and Stauffer, Jr., J.R. (Eds.), Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh. p. 180.
Wiley, E.O. (1981) Phylogenetics. The Theory and Practice of Phylogenetics. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 439 pp.
Wiley, E.O. & Mayden, R.L. (1985) Species and speciation in phylogenetic systematics, with examples from the North American fauna. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 72, 596–635.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2399217Wiley, E.O. & Mayden, R.L. (2000a) The evolutionary species concept. pp. 70–89 in Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory: A Debate In: Wheeler, Q.D. & Meier, R . (Eds.), Columbia University Press, New York, 256 pp.
Wiley, E.O. & Mayden, R.L. (2000b) Comments on Alternative species concepts. In: Wheeler, Q.D. & Meier, R., (Eds.), Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory: A Debate (Columbia University Press, New York, New York. pp. 146–158.
Wiley, E.O. & Mayden, R.L. (2000c) A reply to our critics. In: Wheeler, Q.D. & Meier, R., (Eds.), Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory: A Debate. Columbia University Press, New York, New York. pp. 198–208.
Williams, J.D. (1975) Systematics of the percid fishes of the subgenus Ammocrypta, genus Ammocrypta, with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History, 1, 1–56.
Williams, J.D. (2011) Pleistocene river drainages of Florida: Evidence from fossil fish and mussels. In: Abstracts of 91st annual meetings of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Minneapolis, Minnesota. p. 476.
Williams, J.D. & Clemmer, G.H. (1991) Scaphirhynchus suttkusi, a new sturgeon from the Mobile basin of Alabama and Mississippi. Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History, 10, 17–31.
Wood, R.M. & Mayden, R.L. (1992) Systematics, evolution and biogeography of Notropis chlorocephalus and N. lutipinnis. Copeia, 1992 (1), 68–81.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1446537Wood, R.M., Mayden R.L., Matson, R.H., Kuhajda, B.R. & Layman, S.R. (2002) Systematics and biogeography of the Notropis rubellus species group (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History, 22, 37–80.
Woolman, A.J. (1892) Report of an examination of the rivers of Kentucky, with lists of the fishes obtained. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 10, 249–288.
Yerger, R.W. (1978) Hybopsis aestivalis, speckled chub. In: Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Vol. 4. Fishes. University Presses of Florida, Gainesville. pp. 12–13.
Yerger, R.W. & Suttkus, R.D. (1962) Records of freshwater fishes in Florida. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 9 (5), 323–330.