Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2021-10-12
Page range: 423-442
Abstract views: 340
PDF downloaded: 27

A new species of Stylicletodes Lang, 1936 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Cletodidae) from the East China Sea, including an updated key to species and synopsis of distribution records

Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China. Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China. 3Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China. Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China. Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K.
Crustacea meiobenthos taxonomy morphology East Asia

Abstract

Both sexes of a new species, Stylicletodes wellsi sp. nov. (Harpacticoida: Cletodidae), are described from material collected from sediments in the East China Sea. The new species belongs to a species group whose members are characterized by an anal operculum that has a backwardly directed, median linguiform process and fifth legs that display naked or sparsely pinnate armature elements in both sexes. Within this group, S. wellsi sp. nov. is morphologically closest to S. reductus Wells, 1965 but differs primarily from its European congener in the armature pattern of P4 (both rami) and the female P5. Distribution records of all species are summarized and an updated identification key to the seven valid species in the genus is presented. Taxonomic issues related to the type species S. longicaudatus (Brady, 1880) are briefly discussed.

 

References

  1. Apostolov, A. & Marinov, T.M. (1988) Copepoda Harpacticoida (morski kharpaktikoidi). [Copepoda, Harpacticoida (marine harpacticoids)]. Fauna Bolgarii [Fauna Bulgarica], 18, 1–384. [in Bulgarian]
    Baguley, J.G. (2004) Meiofauna community structure and function in the northern Gulf of Mexico deep sea. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, xxi + 200 pp.
    Bodin, P. (1968) Copépodes Harpacticoïdes des stages bathyal et abyssal du Golfe de Gascogne. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 55A, 1–107.
    Bodin, P. (1972) Copépodes Harpacticoïdes marins des environs de la Rochelle. 3. Espèces de la zone intertidale de Fouras-Nord. Téthys, 3, 841–864.
    Bodin, P. (1973) Copépodes Harpacticoïdes marins des environs de la Rochelle. IV. Espèces de la zone intertidale des Nauteries. Téthys, 4, 651–682.
    Bodin, P. (1977) Les peuplements de Copépodes Harpacticoïdes (Crustacea) des sédiments meubles de la zone intertidale des côtes Charentaises (Atlantique). Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, Nouvelle Série, (A), 104, 1–120 + 31 pp., appendix containing tables 2, 12, 15–16, 18–21, 23, 25, 28, 30–31, 33, 35–37, 41, 45–46, 48, 51, 54–55, 59 and faunistic index.
    Bodiou, J.-Y. (1976) Copépodes Harpacticoïdes (Crustacea) des sables fins infralittoraux de Banyuls-sur-Mer. I. Description de la communauté. Vie et Milieu, (B), 25, 313–330.
    Bodiou, J.-Y. (1982) Copépodes Harpacticoïdes (Crustacea) des sables fins infralittoraux de Banyuls-sur-Mer. II. Variations saisonnières qualitatives du peuplement. Vie et Milieu, 30, 269–274.
    Boeck, A. (1873) Nye Slægter og Arter af Saltvands-Copepoder. Forhandlinger I videnskabsselskabet I Kristiania, 1872, 35–60.
    Boxshall, G.A. & Halsey, S.H. (2004) An Introduction to Copepod Diversity. The Ray Society, London, xv + 966 pp.
    Brady, G.S. (1872) Contributions to the study of the Entomostraca. No. VII. A list of the non-parasitic marine Copepoda of the north-east coast of England. Annals and Magazine of natural History, Series 4, 10, 1–17, pls. II–VI. [also in Natural History Transactions of Northumberland and Durham, 4, 423–445, pls. XVII–XXI[ https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937208696629
    Brady, G.S. (1880) A Monograph of the Free and Semi-parasitic Copepoda of the British Islands. Vol. II. The Ray Society, London, 182 pp., pls. XXXIV–LXXXII.
    Brady, G.S. (1896) On Entomostraca collected in the Solway district and the Seaton sluice, Northumberland, during the summer of 1894. Natural History Transactions of Northumberland, Durham and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 13, 19–33, pls. I–III.
    Brady, G.S. (1904) Notes on Entomostraca found at the roots of Laminariæ. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham and Newcastle-upon-Tyn, New Series, 1, 3–9, pls. I–II.
    Brady, G.S. & Robertson, D. (1876) Report on dredgings off the coast of Durham and North-Yorkshire in 1874. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 45, 185–199.
    Büntzow, M. (2011) Vergleichende gemeinschaftsanalytische und taxonomische Untersuchungen der Harpacticoidenfauna der Seeberge „Sedlo“ und „Seine“ (nördlicher Mittelatlantik). Ph.D. dissertation, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, viii + 128 pp., unpaginated tables A1–A30.
    Burgess, R. (2001) An improved protocol for separating meiofauna from sediments using colloidal silica sols. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 214, 161–165. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps214161
    Burgess, R., Sharma, J., Carr, R.S. & Montagna, P. (2005) Assessment of storm water outfalls in Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, USA using meiofauna. Meiofauna marina, 14, 157–169.
    Candás, M., Martínez Arbizu, P., Urgorri, V., Besteiro, C., Moreira, J., Abad, M. & Cunha, X. (2012) First results of taxonomic and ecologic studies on Copepoda Harpacticoida communities from the Ría de Ferrol (NW Iberian Peninsula). In: Borja, A. (Ed.), XVII Iberian Symposium on Marine Biology Studies (SIEBM), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain, 11–14 September 2012. Revista de Investigación marina, 19, pp. 413–415.
    Chappuis, P.A. (1954) IV. Copépodes psammiques des plages du Roussillon. In: Chappuis, P.A. & Delamare Deboutteville, Cl. (Eds.), avec la collaboration de J. Balazuc & S. Ruffo. Biospeologica LXXIV. Recherches sur les Crustacés souterrains (Première Série). Archives de Zoologie expérimentale et générale, 91, pp. 35–50.
    Chertoprud, E.S., Gómez, S. & Gheerardyn, H. (2009) Harpacticoida (Copepoda) fauna and the taxocene diversity of the South China Sea. Oceanology, 49, 488–498.
    Chislenko, L.L. (1977) Garpaktitsidy (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) s gubok zemli Frantsa-Iosifa. Harpacticids (Copepoda Harpacticoidea) from sponges of Franz Josef Land. In: Biotsenosy shel’fa zemli Frantsa-Iosifa I fauna sopredel’nykh akuatorii. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 14 (22), 237–276. [in Russian with English summary]
    Coull, B.C. (1970) Shallow water meiobenthos of the Bermuda platform. Oecologia, 4, 325–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00393393
    Coull, B.C. & Herman. S.S. (1970) Zoogeography and parallel level-bottom communities of the meiobenthic Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) of Bermuda. Oecologia, 5, 392–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00815503
    Delamare Deboutteville (1960) Biologie des eaux souterraines littorales et continentales. Vie et Milieu, suppl. 9, 1–740.
    De Troch, M. (2001) Ecologie van harpacticoide copepoden: structurele biodiversiteit in tropische zeegrasvelden. Ecology of harpacticoid copepods: structural biodiversity in tropical seagrass beds. Ph.D. dissertation, Universiteit Gent, Gent, 254 pp.
    Fiers, F. (1996) Redescription of Enhydrosoma lacunae Jakubisiak, 1933 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida); with comments on the Enhydrosoma species reported from West Atlantic localities, and a discussion of cletodid development. Sarsia, 81, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1996.10413608
    George, K.H. (1999) Gemeinschaftsanalytische Untersuchungen der Harpacticoidenfauna der Magellanregion, sowie erste similaritätsanalytische Vergleiche mit Assoziationen aus der Antarktis [Community analysis of the harpacticoid fauna of the Magellan Region, as well as first comparisons with Antarctic associations, basing on similarity analyses.]. Berichte zur Polarforschung, 327, 1–187.
    George, K.H. (2005) Sublittoral and bathyal Harpacticoida (Crustacea: Copepoda) of the Magellan region. Composition, distribution and species diversity of selected major taxa. In: Arntz, W.E., Lovrich, G.A. & Thatje, S. (Eds.), The Magellan-Antarctic Connection: Links and Frontiers at High Southern Latitudes. Scientia marina, 69 (Supplement 2), pp. 147–158. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2005.69s2147
    George, K.H., Pointner, K. & Packmor, J (2018) The benthic Copepoda (Crustacea) of Anaximenes Seamount (eastern Mediterranean Sea)—taxa diversity, community structure and distribution. Progress in Oceanography, 165, 299–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.06.006
    Gómez, S. (2000) Cletodes confusum sp. nov, C. pseudodissimiloris sp. nov., and Stylicletodes longicaudatus (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Cletodidae) from a coastal lagoon in south-eastern Gulf of California (Mexico). Cahiers de Biologie marine, 41, 265–280. https ://doi.org/10.21411/CBM.A.C99C1BB9
    Grego, M., Riedel, B., Stachowitsch, M. & De Troch, M. (2014) Meiofauna winners and losers of coastal hypoxia : case study harpacticoid copepods. Biogeosciences, 11, 281–192. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-281-2014
    Griga, R.E. (1963) Harpacticoida donnykh biotsenozov yuzhnogo berega Kryma I Kaukaza. (Harpacticoida of the bottom biocoenoses of the southern shore of the Crimea and the Caucasus). Trudy Sevastopol’skoi biologicheskoi Stantsii, 16, 159–172. [in Russian with English summary]
    Guidi-Guilvard, L.D., Thistle, D., Khripounoff, A. & Gasparini, S. (2009) Dynamics of benthic copepods and other meiofauna in the benthic boundary layer of the deep NW Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 396, 181–195. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08408
    Guille, A. & Soyer, J. (1969) La faune benthique des substrats meubles de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Premières données qualitatives et quantitatives. Vie et Milieu, (B), 19, 323–360.
    Hicks, G.R.F. (1977a) Species composition and zoogeography of marine phytal harpacticoid copepods from Cook Strait, and their contribution to total phytal meiofauna. New Zealand Journal of marine and freshwater Research, 11, 441–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1977.9515703
    Hicks, G.R.F. (1977b) Species associations and seasonal population densities of marine phytal harpacticoid copepods from Cook Strait. New Zealand Journal of marine and freshwater Research, 11, 621–643. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1977.9515702
    Hicks, G.R.F. (1986) Distribution and behaviour of meiofaunal copepods inside and outside seagrass beds. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 31, 159–170. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps031159
    Huys, R. (2009) Unresolved cases of type fixation, synonymy and homonymy in harpacticoid copepod nomenclature (Crustacea: Copepoda). Zootaxa, 2183 (1), 1–99. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2183.1.1
    Huys, R., Gee, J.M., Moore, C.G. & Hamond, R. (1996) Marine and Brackish Water Harpacticoids, Part 1. In: Barnes, R.S.K. & Crothers, J.H. (Eds.), Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), 51, 1–352.
    Huys, R., Herman, P.M.J., Heip, C.H.R. & Soetaert, K. (1992) The meiobenthos of the North Sea: density, biomass trends and distribution of copepod communities. ICES Journal of marine Science, 49, 23–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/49.1.23
    Janssen, A., Chevaldonné, P. & Martínez Arbizu, P. (2013) Meiobenthic copepod fauna of a marine cave (NW Mediterranean) closely resembles that of deep-sea communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 479, 99–113. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10207
    Karanovic, T., Kim, K. & Lee, W. (2015) Concordance between molecular and morphology-based phylogenies of Korean Enhydrosoma (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Cletodidae) highlights important synapomorphies and homoplasies in this genus globally. Zootaxa, 3990, 451–496. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3990.4.1
    Kim, K., Trebukhova, Y., Lee, W. & Karanovic, T. (2014) A new species of Enhydrosoma (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Cletodidae) from Korea, with redescription of E. intermedia and establishment of a new genus. Proceedings of the biological Society of Washington, 127, 248–283. https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-127.1.248
    Kitahashi, T., Kawamura, K., Kojima, S. & Shimanaga, M. (2013) Assemblages gradually change from bathyal to hadal depth: A case study on harpacticoid copepods around the Kuril Trench (north-west Pacific Ocean). Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 74, 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315411001536
    Kitahashi, T., Kawamura, K., Kojima, S. & Shimanaga, M. (2014) Bathymetric patterns of α and β diversity of harpacticoid copepods at the genus level around the Ryukyu Trench, and turnover diversity between trenches around Japan. Progress in Oceanography, 123, 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2014.02.007
    Kolesnikova, E.A. (1983) Garpaktitsidy v soobshchestvakh rykhlykh gruntov raona yuzhnogo berega Kryma. Harpacticides in communities of loose grounds within the limits of the Crimean southern coast. Ekologiya Morya, 15, 20–26. [in Russian with English summary]
    Kornev, P.N. & Chertoprud, E.S. (2008) Veslonogie Rakoobraznye Otryada Harpacticoida Belogo Morya: Morfologiya, Sistematika, Ecologiya. [Copepod Crustaceans of the Order Harpacticoida of the White Sea: Morphology, Systematics, Ecology]. Tovarischchestvo Nauchnikh Izdanii KMK, Moscow, 379 pp.
    Kotwicki, L. (2002) Benthic Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from the Svalbard archipelago. Polish polar Research, 23, 185–191.
    Lang, K. (1936) Die Familie der Cletodidae, Sars, 1909. Zoologische Jahbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 68, 445–480.
    Lang, K. (1948) Monographie der Harpacticiden. Vols. 1 & 2. Håkan Ohlsson, Lund, 1682 pp.
    Lang, K. (1965) Copepoda Harpacticoida from the Californian Pacific coast. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, Serier 4, 10 (2), 1–560.
    Marinov, T.M. (1971) Kharpatikoidi ot b’lgarskoto kraibrezhnie na Cherno more. Harpacticoides of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Izvestiya na Instituta po Okeanografiya I Ribno Stopanstvo, Varna, 11, 43–87. [in Bulgarian with English and Russian summaries]
    Marinov, T.M. (1977) Kharpaktikoidi ot tsentralnata chast na iztochnoto kraibrezhie na Atlanticheskiya orms. Harpacticoida from the eastern Central Atlantic coast. Izvestiya. Institut po Ribni Resursi, Varna, 15, 83–98. [in Bulgarian with Russian and English summaries]
    Monard, A. (1935) Les Harpacticoïdes marins de la région de Salammbô. Bulletin de la Station océanographique de Salammbô, 34, 1–94.
    Montagna, P.A. & Spies, R.B. (1985) Meiofauna and chlorophyll associated with Beggiatoa mats of a natural submarine petroleum seep. Marine environmental Research, 16, 231–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(85)90021-2
    Moore, C.G. (1979) Analysis of the associations of meiobenthic Copepoda of the Irish Sea. Journal of the marine biological Association of the United Kingdom, 59, 831–849. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400036870
    Moore, P.G. (1973) The kelp fauna of northeast Britain. II. Multivariate classification: turbidity as an ecological factor. Journal of experimental marine Biology and Ecology, 13, 127–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(73)90074-9
    Mu, F.-H., Somerfield, P.J., Warwick, R.M. & Zhang, Z.-N. (2002) Large scale spatial patterns in the community structure of benthic harpacticoid copepods in the Bohai Sea, China. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 50, 17–26.
    Norman, A.M. & Scott, T. (1906) The Crustacea of Devon and Cornwall. William Wesley & Son, London, xv + 232 pp., pls. I–XXIV.
    Packmor, J. & George, K.H. (2016) Littoral Harpacticoida (Crustacea: Copepoda) of Madeira and Porto Santo (Portugal). Journal of the marine biological Association of the United Kingdom, 98, Special Issue 1 (Special Section: European Marine Biology Symposium Papers 2016), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315416001168
    Pallares, R.E. (1975) Copépodos marinos de la Ría Deseado (Santa Cruz, Argentina). Contribución sistemático ecológica. IV. Conclusión. Physis, Buenos Aires, (A), 34, 213–227.
    Pallares, R.E. & Hall, M.-A. (1974) Analisis bioestadistico-ecológico de la fauna de Copépodos asociados a los bosques de Macrocystis pyrifera. Physis, Buenos Aires, Série A, 33, 275–319.
    Petkovski, T.K. (1955) Weitere Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Grundwasser-Copepoden der Adriatischen Küste. Acta Musei macedonici Scientiarum naturalium, 3 (8), 209–225.
    Por (Pór), F.D. (1959) Harpacticoide noi (Crustacea, Copepoda) din mîlurile Mării Negre. (Harpacticoïdes nouveaux (Crustacés, Copépodes) des vases de la mer Noire). Studii şi Cercetări de Biologie, Seria Biologie animal, 4 (11), 347–368.
    Por, F.D. (1964a) Les Harpacticoïdes (Crustacea, Copepoda) des fonds meubles du Skagerak. Cahiers de Biologie marine, 5, 233–270.
    Por, F.D. (1964b) A study of Levantine and Pontic Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda). Zoölogische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 64, 1–128.
    Rohal, M., Thistle, D. & Easton, E.E. (2018) Extraction of metazoan meiofauna from muddy deep-sea samples: Operator and taxon effects on efficiency. Journal of experimental marine Biology and Ecology, 502, 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2017.01.006
    Rossel, S. & Martínez Arbizu, P. (2019) Revealing higher than expected diversity of Harpacticoida (Crustacea: Copepoda) in the North Sea using MALDI-TOF MS and molecular barcoding. Scientific Reports, 9, 9182. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45718-7
    Sars, G.O. (1903) Copepoda Harpacticoida. Parts I & II, Misophriidæ, Longipediidæ, Cerviniidæ, Ectinosomidæ (part). An account of the Crustacea of Norway, with short Descriptions and Figures of all the Species, 5, 1–28, pls. I–XVI.
    Sars, G.O. (1920) Copepoda Supplement. Parts VII & VIII. Harpacticoida (continued). An Account of the Crustacea of Norway, with short Descriptions and Figures of all the Species, 7, 73–92, pls. XLIX–LXIV.
    Saunders, G.R. (2000) The effects of copper on meiobenthic communities: field and laboratory studies. Ph.D. dissertation. Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, 306 pp.
    Schmidt, C., Lins. L. & Brandt, A. (2018) Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) across a longitudinal transect of the Vema Fracture Zone and along a depth gradient in the Puerto Rico trench. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 148, 236–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.12.024
    Schmidt, C., Sattarova, V.V., Katrynskic, L. & Martínez Arbizu, P. (2019) New insights from the deep: Meiofauna in the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench and adjacent abyssal plain. Progress in Oceanography, 173, 192–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.02.010
    Schriever, G. (1986) Distribution and ecology of Cletodidae (Crustacea, Copepoda) at the Iceland-Faroe ridge from 290 m to 2500 m water depth. In: Schriever, G., Schminke H.K. & Shich, C.-T. (Eds.), Proceedings II. International Conference on Copepoda, Ottawa, Canada, 13–17 August 1984. Syllogeus, 58, pp. 448–458.
    Schückel, S., Sell, A.F., Kihara, T.C., Koeppen, A., Kröncke, I. & Reiss, H. (2013) Meiofauna as food source for small-sized demersal fish in the southern North Sea. Helgoland marine Research, 67, 203–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-012-0316-1
    Scott, T. (1899) Report on the marine and freshwater Crustacea from Franz Josef Land, collected by Mr. William S. Bruce, of the Jackson Harmsworth Expedition. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 27, 60–126, pls. 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1899.tb01421.x
    Scott, T. (1900) Notes on some Crustacea from Fairlie and Hunterston, Firth of Clyde. Transactions of the natural History Society of Glasgow, New Series, 5 (3), 346–355.
    Scott, T. (1902) Notes on gatherings of Crustacea collected by the fishery steamer “Garland”, and the steam trawlers “Star of Peace” and “Star of Hope”, of Aberdeen, during the year 1901. Reports of the Fishery Board for Scotland, Edinburgh, 20 (3), 447–485, pls. XXII–XXV.
    Scott, T. (1905) On some new and rare Crustacea from the Scottish seas. Reports of the Fishery Board for Scotland, Edinburgh, 23 (3), 141–153, pls. X–XIII.
    Scott, T. (1906) A catalogue of the land, fresh water and marine Crustacea found in the basin of the River Forth and its estuary. Proceedings of the Royal physical Society of Edinburgh, 16, 97–381. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53706
    Scott, T. & Scott, A. (1901) On some Entomostraca collected in the Arctic Seas in 1898 by William S. Bruce, F.R.S.G.S. Annals and Magazine of natural History, Series 7, 8, 337–356, pls. III–VI. https://doi.org/10.1080/03745480109443332
    Soyer, J. (1966) Copépodes Harpacticoïdes de Banyuls-sur-Mer. 3. Quelques formes du coralligène. Vie et Milieu, (B), 17, 303–344.
    Soyer, J. (1971) Bionomie benthique du plateau continental de la côte catalane française. III. Les peuplements de Copépodes Harpacticoïdes (Crustacea). Vie et Milieu, (B), 21 (2), 337–511, annexe.
    Thistle, D. & Eckman, J.E. (1990) What is the sex ratio of harpacticoid copepods in the deep sea? Marine Biology, 107, 443-477. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01313427
    Thompson, I.C. (1889) Third report on the Copepoda of Liverpool Bay (the L.M.B.C. District). Proceedings of the Liverpool biological Society, 3, 181–191, pl. VIII. [Also in Herdman, W.A. (Ed.), Reports upon the Fauna of Liverpool Bay and the neighbouring Seas, written by Members of the Liverpool Marine Biology Committee, 2, 54–64, pl. VIII]
    Thompson, I.C. (1893) Revised report on the Copepoda of Liverpool Bay. Proceedings and Transactions of the Liverpool biological Society, 7, 175–230, pls. XV–XXXV. [also in Herdman, W.A. (Ed.) (1895) Reports upon the Fauna of Liverpool Bay and the neighbouring Seas, written by Members of the Liverpool Marine Biology Committee, 4, 81–136, pls. XV–XXXV]
    Vasconcelos, D.M. (2008) Distribuição dos Copepoda Harpacticoida da meiofauna em área de talude no litoral de Sergipe, Brasil. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 96 (unnumbered) pp.
    Ventham, D. (2011) Harpacticoid Copepods from the Sussex Coast (Eastern Channel): Records 1992–1997. The Booth Museum of Natural History, Brighton, 133 pp.
    Vijaya Bhanu, C.H., Srinivasa Rao, M., Annapurna, C., Satyanarayana, A., Ambedkar, A. & Chandra Rao, K. (2017) Checklist of harpacticoid copepods (Class: Crustacea) from Nizampatnam Bay, Bay of Bengal. Golden Research Thoughts, 6 (8), 1 –8.
    Wells, J.B.J. (1965) Copepoda (Crustacea) from the meiobenthos of some Scottish marine sub-littoral muds. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 69B, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080455X00010110
    Wells, J.B.J. (2007) An annotated checklist and keys to the species of Copepoda Harpacticoida (Crustacea). Zootaxa, 1568 (1), 1–872. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1568.1.1
    Willen, E. (2004) Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from a hydrothermal active submarine volcano in the New Ireland Fore-Arc system (Papua New Guinea) with the description of a new genus and species of Pseudotachidiidae. Meiofauna Marina, 13, 113–135.
    Willey, A. (1935) Harpacticoid Copepoda from Bermuda. Part II. Annals and Magazine of natural History, Series 10, 15 (85), 50–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933508654944

  2.  

  3.  

  4.  

  5.