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Bionomina ISSN 1179-7649 (print); ISSN 1179-7657 (online) |
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International Journal of Biological Nomenclature & Terminology |
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Bionomina ISSN 1179-7649 (print); ISSN 1179-7657 (online) |
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International Journal of Biological Nomenclature & Terminology |
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Information
for authors
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Page charge and
colour plates ·
Reprints Bionomina (International Journal of Biological Nomenclature &
Terminology) is a peer-reviewed journal for rapid publication of high quality papers
on any aspect of biological nomenclature and terminology. Bionomina
considers all types of papers on these questions, including: (1)
historical, descriptive and critical papers regarding practices and
traditions; (2) epistemological analyses about the different approaches to
terminology, philosophies of the naming process, and the use and role of
particular scientific concepts; (3) contributions to our open forum for
confronting different opinions; (4) papers seeking a balance between
prescriptive and normative goals and descriptive, informative and
clarifying aims, i.e., providing a precise and concise lexical starting
point; and (5) in cases where consensus emerges (possibly as a result of
meetings), recommendations to the international community of biologists.
Open access publishing option is strongly encouraged for authors with
research grants and other funds. For those without grants or funds, all
accepted manuscripts will be published but access is secured for
subscribers only. All manuscripts will be subjected to peer review before
acceptance. Bionomina aims to publish each paper within one month
after the acceptance by Editors. Based on length, two categories of papers are considered: Articles
and Correspondence. Articles are significant papers of four or more printed pages reporting
original research. Papers between 4 and 59 printed pages are published in
multi-paper issues of 60, 64 or 68 pages. Monographs (60 or more pages)
are individually issued and bound, with ISBNs. Bionomina encourages large comprehensive review works. There is no upper limit on
the length of manuscripts, although authors are advised to break
monographs of over 1000 pages into multi-volume contributions simply
because books over 1000 pages are difficult to bind and too heavy to hold. Short papers of 4 or 5 pages accepted for publication may be shortened
for publication in the Correspondence section. This section publishes high quality and important short manuscripts of 1
to 4 pages of six main categories: (1) editorials; (2) opinions and views on current issues of interest to biologists;
comments on, additions or corrections to papers previously published in Bionomina; (3) biographical and bibliographical papers dealing with biologists
involved in the fields covered by the journal; (4) nomenclatural notes; (5) book reviews meant to introduce readers to new or rare books dealing
with biological terminology or nomenclature (interested authors or
publishers should write to the Chief Editor or to Subject Editors before
submitting books for review; Editors then prepare the book review or
invite colleagues to prepare the review; unsolicited reviews have no
guarantee to be published); (6) short papers converted from manuscripts submitted as articles but
which are too short for the Articles section. Except editorials, these short contributions should have no more than 20
references and their total length should not exceed four printed
pages. They should include neither an abstract nor a list of key
words. Major headings (Introduction, Material and methods,
etc.) should not be used. A typical correspondence should consist
of: (1) a short and concise title; (2) author name and address (including
e-mail address); (3) a series of paragraphs of the main text; and (4) a
list of references if any. For correspondence of 3 or 4 pages, the first
or last paragraph may be a summary. Comments on published papers are intended for scholarly exchange of
different views or interpretations of published data and should not
contain personal attack; authors of concerned papers may be invited to
reply to comments on their papers. Manuscripts submitted in this section, once accepted, are usually
published in the very next issue of the journal. Special issues composed of collected papers within the scope of the
journal will occasionally be published. They may result from a meeting or
from the initiative of guest Editors. Guest Editors should send the
proposal to the Chief Editor for approval and instructions. Although guest
Editors for special issues are responsible for organizing the peer review
of papers collected within these issues, they must follow Bionomina’s
style, standards and peer review procedures. If any papers by the guest
Editors are to be included in the special issue, they must be handled by
other Editors or Referees. Special issues must be 60 or more pages.
Normally, funding is required to offset part of the production cost.
Author payment for open access is strongly encouraged. Reprints can be
ordered for the entire issue or for individual papers. General Authors are encouraged to pay attention to the guidelines below when
preparing their manuscripts for submission to Bionomina. The closer
a manuscript will be to the editorial standards of Bionomina, the
quicker it will be processed and published, once accepted. Format
problems, for example in the references, may delay considerably and
uselessly the publication of an accepted paper, which is detrimental both
to the authors and to the journal. All papers must be in English. Authors whose native language is not
English are encouraged to have their manuscripts read by a native
English-speaking colleague before submission. Scientific names of taxa (nomina)
following the traditional Codes of nomenclature should be written
according to the usual format (e.g., italics for specific epithets and
generic substantives). In zoology, all nomina must be provided with their
authors and dates when first mentioned, but not on subsequent
mentions; author and date should be separated by a comma (Rana
temporaria Linnaeus, 1758), to distinguish nomenclatural authorship
from citation of reference (Linnaeus 1758). In botany and other fields
with regulated nomenclatures, they should be written according to the
rules of the respective Codes. Full references to the original
descriptions of these taxa should preferably be provided in the reference
list. Nomina following alternative rules should be written in a different
manner, pointing to the fact that they do not comply with the rules of the
relevant Code. The metric system should be used. Abbreviations should not
bear “s” in the plural (e.g., “ed.”, not “eds.”, “fig.”,
not “figs.”). If possible, use the common font New Times Roman and use
as little formatting as possible. Use only bold, italics and
Small capitals where
necessary. Do not indent paragraphs or titles. Special symbols
(e.g., male or female sign) should be avoided because they are likely to
be altered when files are read on different machines (Mac versus PC with
different language systems). They can be coded (e.g., m# and f# for male
and female), which can be replaced during page setting. The style of each
author is generally respected but it must comply with the following
general guidelines. Title The title should be concise and informative. In papers dealing with taxa,
the higher taxa containing them should be indicated in parentheses: e.g.,
“Notes on the nomenclature of the genus A-us (class or order,
family)”. Authorship The name(s) of all author(s) of
the paper should be given, typed in the lower
case (except initial) for first names and in small capitals (except
initial) for surnames (e.g. Adam Smith,
Brian Smith & Carol Smith).
First names can be placed after the surname if
this is the tradition in the country of the author, as the use of
different cases allows to distinguish them (e.g., Adam Smith
& Liu Mangven). The
address of each author should be given in italics, each starting a
separate line. If available, the e-mail address of each author should be
provided after the address, between < > signs. Abstract The abstract should be concise and
informative. Any new terms, new nomina, new combinations or new synonyms
proposed in the paper should be mentioned. Abstracts in other languages
may also be included in addition to the English abstract. The abstract
should be followed by a list of key words that are not present
in the title. Abstract and key works are not
to be used in Correspondence. Hierarchy of subtitles A hierarchy of subtitles can be used in a paper, with a
maximum of four levels. The different levels are not numbered but are
presented following the following typographical conventions: First level Second level Third level Fourth level For papers with more than ten subtitles, it is
recommended to provide a Table of contents that will appear on the
first page of the paper, before the abstract. Main text References Citation in text References should be cited in the text as Smith (1999), Smith & Liu
(2001) or Smith et al. (2001) for 3 or more authors or
editors, or alternatively in a parenthesis (Smith 1999; Smith & Liu
2001; Smith et al. 2001). A list of references is a brief historical survey of a question. For this
reason, any string of references within a parenthesis must present them in
chronological, not alphabetical, order (if several references are
from the same year, they may be given in alphabetical order if their
chronology is unknown): (Linnaeus 1758; Darwin 1859; Mayr 1942; Hennig
1950; Eldredge & Gould 1972; Gould & Eldredge 1972). Citation in reference list All literature cited in the text must be listed
in the references, and vice versa. All references, from whatever
kind of source, should be given according to the same structure: Author(s)
or Editor(s) [surname in full, initial only for first names]
● Effective publication year ● Title ● Volume
reference [either issue of periodical, or city and publisher of
book, etc.] ● Publication year as printed in publication
[if different from effective publication year] ● Pages range
[e.g., i–xiii + 1–612] ● Plates range [e.g., pl. 1–13]
[if numbered separately from text pages]. Examples:
Smith,
A. (1999) Title of article. Title of periodical in full, “1998”
[if relevant], (series number) [if relevant], volume number (issue
number) [if known]: page range, plate range.
Smith,
A., Smith, B. & Smith, C. (ed.) (2001) Title of book. Volume
number [if relevant]. City (Publisher) [if known]: page range, plate
range.
Smith,
A. & Liu, M. (2001) Title of chapter. In: A. Smith, B. Smith
& C. Smith, C. (ed.), Title of book, volume number
[if relevant], City (Publisher) [if known]: page range of chapter, plate
range of chapter. Internet resources: Liu,
C. (2002) Title of website, database or other electronic resource,
City (Publisher) [if known]: page range [if known]. <http://xxx.xxx.xxx/;
accessed on xxx>. Important points (1) The meaning of “Anonymous” for a reference should be rigidly
construed. In Bionomina, this term is given the sense it has in
Article 50.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature,
i.e., to designate a work the author or editor of which “cannot be
determined from the contents”. Authors and editors in this
definition refer to persons (even if signing under pseudonyms), not
to collective entities like corporate bodies, commissions, committees,
boards, the full list of the members of which is not provided in clear in
the work itself. The fact that authorship can be determined from external
or subsequent evidence does not prevent the work from being and remaining
anonymous. If a work is signed by an anonymous collective entity, the
title, abbreviation or acronym of the latter may be indicated between
square brackets, as follows: Anonymous [International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1985) International code of
zoological nomenclature. Third edition. London (International Trust
for zoological Nomenclature): i–xx + 1–338. Anonymous [ICZN] (1999) International
code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth edition. London (International
Trust for zoological Nomenclature): i–xxix + 1–306. (2) The “effective publication year” of a work is the year of its
public distribution, not of its printing or any other date. It may be
different from (and then usually subsequent to) the publication year as it
appears printed in the work itself. (3) In titles of works and of periodicals, capitals must be used only
for terms that would have to bear capitals in a text, even if written
differently in the actual publication. (4) Titles of periodicals must be written in full (not abbreviated).
(5) Volumes of periodicals and books are in bold. (6) The publication year as printed in a work, if different from the
effective publication year, is given between quotation marks: e.g.,
“1985”. (7) The pages and plates of the work cited appear always at the end of
the reference, preceded by a colon (:). (8) For a website cited in the References, it is important to
include the last date when it was accessed by the author of the
manuscript, as it can be moved or deleted from that address in the future.
For this reason, whenever a work is available both online and as a paper
printed document, the latter should always be cited, followed optionally
by the online reference, and if a choice exists between two equivalent
references, the printed one should be preferred. Other important points Legends of
illustrations Legends of illustrations should be listed after the list of references.
Small illustrations should be grouped into plates. When preparing
illustrations, authors should bear in mind that the journal has a printed
area size of 25 cm × 17 cm and is printed on A4 paper. For specimen
illustration, stipple, shaded or line drawings are preferred, although
good quality black and white or colour photographs are also acceptable. Tables Problems with figures and tables If you have problems preparing your figures or tables, please contact our
Technical Editor in charge of figures and tables. Footnotes and Appendices Footnotes are authorised in Bionomina, but should not be too long.
Long comments that are not indispensable for the understanding of the text
but that provide useful additional information can be presented as
Appendices at the end of the paper. Citations Citations from
other works should be provided between quotations marks and in italics
(in which case terms in italics in the original revert to roman), to
distinguish them from mere placement of a word or phrase between quotation
marks for other reasons. Citations should be given ne varietur, but
with possible deletions clearly indicated by […]. Misprints or other
errors may be pointed to by [sic]. Use
of dashes and other connectors (2)
En-dash or en-rule (–, the length of an “n”) is used to link the
minimum and maximum values of a range. In the context of our journal that
mainly means numerals, most frequently sizes, dates, page and plate
numbers (e.g. 1977–1981; fig. 5–7). They can also be used for
geographic or name associations (Murray–Darling River; a Federal–State
agreement). (3)
The use of a en-dash to connect two figures points to a span or range. It
means “from… to…” or “between … and …”. Thus, “pages
17–23” means “from page 17 to page 23”. Thus this sign includes
the word “from” or “between”. It is therefore fully incorrect to
write, e.g., “the body length ranges from 17–23 mm”, “the study
was carried out from 1984–1986” or “between 1984–1986”. There
are several possibilities to write such statements correctly: “the body
length ranges from 17 to 23 mm”, “the body length’s range is 17–23
mm”, “the study was carried out from 1984 to 1986” or “in the
period 1984–1986”, etc. (4) Page and plate ranges are connected by “n dash” (–), not hyphen
(-), which is used to connect two words. Whenever two distinct numberings
of pages appear in the same work, they should be connected by an addition
sign, and plates must be indicated as such: i–xvii + 1–363, pl. 1–7.
(5)
Em-dash or em-rule (—, the length of an ‘m’) are used far more
infrequently, for breaks in the text or subject, often much as parentheses
are. However, in contrast to parentheses, an em-dash can be used alone,
e.g., “What could these results mean—that Niel had discovered the
meaning of life?” En-dashes and em-dashes should not be spaced. (6) For the separation of items within a paragraph, in order to avoid starting a new paragraph, dashes should not be used but either sequencial numbering or lettering, such as (1), (2) or (a), (b), or the following signs can be: black circle ●, black square ■ or black triangle ►. This is particularly useful whenever several successive paragraphs follow the same plan (e.g., in a glossary or in a synonymy). Examples: In
a glossary: Onomatophore. ● Greek: ὄνομα (onoma), “name”; φέρω (phero), “I bear, I carry”. ● Objective standard of reference of inclusive ostension determining the taxonomic allocation of a nomen: the nomen can be potentially applied to any taxon that includes the onomatophore. In the species-series, onomatophores are specimens (see onymophoront), whereas in the genus-, family- and class-series they are taxomina (see nucleomen). ● Simpson 1940: 421. ● Code: type, name-bearing type. Onymorph. ● Greek: ὄνομα (onoma), “name”; μορφή (morphe), “form, shape”. ● Any particular association between genus-series substantive(s) and species-series epithet(s), used to designate a species-series taxon. A combination is a particular case of onymorph. ● Smith & Pérez-Higareda 1986: 422. ● Code: no term .In
a synonymy: Scutiger
(Scutiger) boulengeri
(Bedriaga, 1898) Leptobrachium
boulengeri
Bedriaga, 1898: 63. ● Onomatophore:
Original symphoronts, 2 specimens, juv. ZIL 1609.a, SVL 27 mm, and
ad. ZIL 1609.b, SVL 49 mm (Bedriaga 1898: 68). Lectophoront, by subsequent
designation of Liu (1950: 184) as “type” but mentioning the second
specimen as “paratype” (Art. 74.5 of the Code), juv. ZIL
1609.a. ● Onymotope: Banks of Dy-chu River (33°00’N,
97°13’E), Tongtian He (upper Yangtze Kiang), Qinghai Sheng, China
(Dubois 1987a: 16). Cophophryne alticola Procter, 1922: 583. ● Onomatophore: Holophoront, by original monophory, BMNH 1947.2.22.73 [ex BMNH 1922.3.3.1], ♀, SVL 52 mm (Dubois 1987a: 17). ● Onymotope: Kharta valley (5030 m), Xizang Zizhiqu Dixing [Tibet], China. ● Synonymisation: Anonymous 1977a: 60; Dubois 1987a: 17. Aelurophryne
tainingensis
Liu, 1950: 11, 132. ● Onomatophore: Holophoront, by original
designation as “type”, FMNH 49395 (Liu 1950: 132; Marx 1958: 425;
Dubois 1987a: 17), ♂, SVL 51.0 mm (Liu 1950: 133). ●
Onymotope: Qianning [Taining] (30°30’N, 101°40’E; alt. 3500 m
[11500 ft]), Sichuan Sheng [Sikang], China. ● Synonymisation:
Anonymous 1976a: 1, 1977a: 60; Dubois 1987a: 17.
Units,
abbreviations, punctuation (1)
Units of measurements should always be spaced from the figure that precede
them: “1 km” or “17 h”, not “1km” or “17h”. This fully
applies to the sign “%”: “35 %” is correct, not “35%”. The
same is true of the signs “>”, “<”, “+”, “–”, “×”,
“=”, etc., that should be spaced from the figures they connect. (2)
Units and abbreviations are invariable and should not bear an
"s" in the plural: "1 kilometre" is "1 km",
"10 kilometres" are "10 km", not "10 kms".
Thus, one should not write "10 figs.", but "10 fig.",
or "eds.", but "ed.". (3)
Not all abbreviations qualify as acronyms. An acronym is an abbreviation
that can be pronounced as a word, such as “NATO” or “AIDS”. Most
so-called “acronyms” such as those often used for museums (e.g.,
“MNHN” or “MCZ”), cannot be pronounced as words and are
abbreviations, not acronyms. (4)
The comma “,” and the word “and” play the same grammatical role of
conjunction. Therefore, except in very special situations, it is redundant
and useless to write “, and”, e.g. at the end of an enumeration. It is
enough and more correct to write simply “and”.
Please follow the above basic guidelines and check if your manuscript has
been prepared according to the style and format of the journal. You are
encouraged to submit manuscripts by e-mail as attachments to the
appropriate Subject Editors. Manuscripts within the scope of the journal
but without proper Subject Editors should be submitted to the Chief
Editor. Prior to submitting a manuscript and figures to an Editor, please check
our website if there are two or more Editors per subject, and then contact
one of these to announce your intention to submit a manuscript for review.
Do not contact two or more Editors for the same manuscript. Please
indicate the size of the manuscript, the number of figures and the format
of these files. The chosen Corresponding Editor can then respond with
special instructions, especially for the submission of many image files. When you submit your manuscript to an Editor, it will be more expedient
to the review process if you offer the names of three or more potential
Referees with their complete postal and e-mail addresses. Reasonable
requests to exclude some potential Referees will usually be granted, and
if not, the Referee will be considered “hostile” and the Corresponding
Editor will take this into consideration when making his or her decision.
It is also important to include the following statements in your cover
letter: (1) All co-authors are aware of submission of the manuscript under
this version, and all agree on the Corresponding Author. (2) This article
has not been published before and is not concurrently being considered for
publication elsewhere (including with another Editor at Bionomina).
(3) This article does not violate any copyright or other personal
proprietary right of any person or entity and it contains no abusive,
defamatory, obscene or fraudulent statements, nor any other statements
that are unlawful in any way. Otherwise, your manuscript will not be
processed. The illustrations should be saved into a single PDF (Portable Document
Format) file for the initial submission. You should retain the original
figures in a higher resolution (in TIFF, JPG, PNG or EPS format) for the
final production of the accepted paper. For the text, a PDF file along
with an RTF (Rich Text format) file is preferred. The advantage of
submitting an RTF file for the text part of the manuscript is that the
reviewers can emend the manuscript electronically. If you cannot prepare
PDF files, then submit text in RTF and the figures in TIFF (line drawing
scanned at 600 dpi and half tone at 300 dpi; please use LZW compression,
if you can, to reduce the size of e-files for easy transmission); if
half-tone TIFF files are too big (exceeding 2 MB), then submit them in JPG
(jpeg). Vector files (charts, maps etc) are best submitted as EPS or EMF. If you do not have access to e-mail, you can send three copies of the manuscript by post, preferably typed in Arial or another Sans Serif font (e.g. Helvetica), more suitable to make an OCR treatment. Please double-space your manuscript and leave ample margins. Authors of accepted papers will be asked to submit an electronic version
of the manuscript so that the publisher needs not to re-key or scan the
manuscript. At this stage, the text part of the manuscript must be
submitted as RTF or MS Word files and figures as TIFF files. Please be
aware that line drawings must be scanned at 600 or 900 dpi as line art (1
bit: 2 colours). They must not be scanned as 8 bit or full colour
images (256 colours or more). In submitting the final version of a revised manuscript to Editors,
please provide the following information for all proper typesetting and
indexing of the manuscript: (1) Corresponding Author name and e-mail. (2)
Author surname and running title (less than 60 characters; to be used in
header). (3) Number of figures, plates and cited references. (4) If
relevant, higher taxon allocation. Authors need to complete and return an Assignment of Copyright form when
paper is accepted for publication. Authors of institutions that do not
allow transfer of copyrights to publishers (e.g., government institutions
such as USDA, CSIRO) should attach a copyright waiver or similar
documents.
Each manuscript will be sent directly by the Corresponding Author to one
of the Editors of our Editorial Board (EB), who will act as Corresponding
Editor (CE) for this paper. The CE will first check whether the manuscript
does indeed fall within the editorial scope of the journal, and, if so,
send it for advice to two or more peers qualified to evaluate the
manuscript. The CE normally asks the Referees to complete the review in
one month. However, the reviewing process will often take longer,
depending on the length of the manuscript and Referees’ responses. For
each manuscript, final decision will be taken by the CE, if necessary
following consultation of other members of the EB. Members of the EB of Bionomina agree to review manuscripts
submitted to the journal according to a
distinction between two different kinds of comments: mandatory suggestions
and simple recommendations. Factual mistakes (e.g., concerning the Rules of the nomenclatural Codes,
or regarding the history of concepts and terms) will be the matter of objective
proposals of change. These must be followed by the authors when
revising their manuscripts, and not doing so will lead to rejection of the
paper. Recommendations regarding the clarity of language and argumentation
may also fall in this category, if the original is too obscure for a
candid reader not being highly specialized in the field covered by the
paper. On the other hand, subjective recommendations, based on differences
of opinions between the author(s) of the manuscript and the Referee(s)
or CE, can be offered, but as advice aiming at clarifying the paper,
replying to some potential criticisms and/or making it more convincing.
Refusal to follow these suggestions should be clarified by the
Corresponding Author to the CE, but cannot be alone a reason for refusing
the manuscript. In other words, no censorship will be exerted on
the opinions of the authors. We consider that the author(s) of a paper,
not the CE or Referees, is or are alone responsible of its content.
However, another reason of rejection of a paper may be that it just
paraphrases previous contributions on the same question, without bringing
any new information or data. Opinions may be strongly defended by an
author against different opinions expressed in another contribution.
However, ad hominem attacks against living or deceased colleagues,
or against groups or institutions, will not be published in Bionomina. Once the manuscript is accepted by the CE, the final files, produced
according to Bionomina requirements, will be forwarded by the CE to
the Chief Editor, who will then interact with the Corresponding Author and
the Managing Editor to ensure that the paper is published without
unnecessary delay. Normally the proof will be sent to the author for
checking 1 to 3 weeks after the final files are accepted. The paper will
usually be published within two weeks (for larger papers it may take
longer) once the corrections to the proofs are received. Page
charge and colour plates.
There is no page charge for publishing with Bionomina.
Publication of colour figures/photographs in online edition is also
free of charge (print version in black and white). If colour plates
in the print edition are desired, authors will be asked to contribute
towards the full cost. Current rates are 300 USD for the first colour
page, and 200 USD for each additional colour page.
Open
access. Bionomina endorses the open access of its content. Authors who have funds to
publish are strongly encouraged to pay a fee of 20 US$ per printed page to
give free online access of their papers to all readers at this site or
their own site. Open access papers are read by more people and are
expected to have higher citation rates. Reprints.
Each author will be
given a free e-reprint (PDF) for personal use (printing a copy for
own use or exchange with other researchers, but not for deposition in a
library/website/ftp-site for public access).
Printed
copies of each paper/monograph in the form of the regular reprint can also
be produced by the Publisher for purchase by authors at their cost, with a
discount based on the number of copies ordered.
Interactive
links can be set up for authors at US$ 10.00 for the first five links and US$
1.00 for each additional link for the online edition of their paper.
Typical links are: to an e-mail address, to another online paper or
website and to other parts of the same document [e.g. linking “Smith
2000” cited in the Introduction to the full details “Smith, A.
(2000) Title of paper. Journal title in full, 0:
000–000” listed in the References]. All details and
instructions (what to mark and where to link) should be provided when the
final revision is returned to the Corresponding Editor. |
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| Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press | Published : 25 Jan. 2011 |
