Abstract
A re-examination of the holotype of the type species Halysestheria biformis Zhang & Chen in Zhang et al., 1976 has revealed new characters that were overlooked in the original description. And a taxonomic research was carried out on the clam shrimp collected from the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the central Dayangshu Basin in Ganhe, Oroqen Autonomous Banner, eastern Inner Mongolia. The discovery of Halysestheria biformis indicates the fossil bearing horizon belongs to the upper Santonian First Member of the Nenjiang Formation.
References
Boukhalfa, K., Li, G., Ben Ali, W. & Soussi, M. (2015) Early Cretaceous spinicaudatans (“conchostracans”) from lacustrine strata of the Sidi Aïch Formation in the northern Chotts range, southern Tunisia: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and stratigraphic implication. Cretaceous Research, 56, 482–490.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.06.006
Chang, W.T. (1957) Fossil Conchostraca from the Nenjiang Shale, NW Heilongjiang. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 5, 479–502. 6 pls.
Chang, W.T. & Chen, P.J. (1964) New Cretaceous Conchostraca from Jilin and Heilongjiang. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 12, 1–25 [In Chinese with English summary].
Chen, P.J. (2003) Cretaceous biostratigraphy of China. In: Zhang, W.T., Chen, P.J. & Palmer, A.R. (Eds), Biostratigraphy of China. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 465–523.
Chen, P.J. & Shen, Y.B. (1985) An Introduction to Fossil Conchostraca. Science Press, Beijing, 241 pp. [In Chinese].
Chen, P.J., Li, G. & Batten, D.J. (2007) Evolution, migration and radiation of late Mesozoic conchostracans in East Asia. Geological Journal, 42 (3–4), 391–413.
https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.1064
Deng, C.L., He, H.Y., Pan, Y.X. & Zhu, R.X. (2013) Chronology of the terrestrial Upper Cretaceous in the Songliao Basin, northeast Asia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 385, 44–54.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.07.028
Gao, K.Q. & Chen, J. (2017) A new crown-group frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. American Museum Novitates, 3876 (3876), 1–39.
https://doi.org/10.1206/3876.1
Gerstaecker, A. (1866) Crustacea (Erste Halfe). In: Bronn, H.G. (Ed.), Die Klassen und Ordnungen der Thier-Reichs, 5 (Part 1 Arthropoda). C.F. Winter, Leipzig, 1320 pp.
He, H., Deng, C., Wang, P., Pan, Y. & Zhu, R. (2012) Toward age determination of the termination of the Cretaceous Normal Superchron. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 13, Q02002.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003901
Jia, J. & Gao, K.Q. (2016) A new hynobiid-like salamander (Amphibia, Urodela) from Inner Mongolia, China, provides a rare case study of developmental features in an Early Cretaceous fossil urodele. PeerJ, 4, e2499.
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2499
Latreille, P.A. (1817) Le règne animal, Tome III, contenant les Crustacés, les arachnides et les insects, A. Bedin, Paris, 653 pp.
Li, G. (2004) Discovery of Qinghaiestheria from the Upper Jurassic Penglaizhen Formation in Sichuan, southwestern China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 24, 361–365.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2003.12.006
Li, G. (2005) Halysestheria yui from the Nenjiangian Taipinglinchang Formation of Heilongjiang Province, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 44, 322–324 [In Chinese with English abstract].
Li, G. (2017a) SEM morphological study of the type species of Ordosestheria Wang, 1984 (Spinicaudata) from Ordos Basin of mid-west China. Cretaceous Research, 75, 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.03.006
Li, G. (2017b) Morphological restudy of the type species of Xibeiestheria (Spinicaudata) from the lower Aptian, northwestern China. Cretaceous Research, 80, 31–37.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.08.008
Li, G. (2020a) New spinicaudatan species of Late Jurassic Linglongta phase of Yanliao Biota from western Liaoning, China. Zoological Studies, 59, 36.
http://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2020.59-36
Li, G. (2020b) SEM morphological study of the Late Permian clam shrimp Polygrapta chatangensis (Spinicaudata, Crustacea). Palaeoentomology, 3 (4), 366–374.
https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.3.4.8
Li, G. (2020c) Discovery of important taxonomic features in fossil clam shrimp genus Loxomegaglypta (Crustacea: Spinicaudata). Acta Palaeologica Sinica, 59, 445–451.
https://doi.org/10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2020.043
Li, G. & Batten, D.J. (2005) Revision of the conchostracan genus Estherites from the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation of the Songliao Basin and its biogeographic significance in China. Cretaceous Research, 26 (6), 920–929.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2005.06.006
Li, G. & Matsuoka, A. (2013) Revision of clam shrimp (“conchostracan”) genus Tylestheria from Late Cretaceous deposits of China. Science Report of Niigata University (Geology), 28, 51–63.
Li, G., Chen, P.J., Wan, X.Q., Jiang, J.H., Liu, J.C., Yin, D.S. & Yan, W. (2004) Stratotype of the basal boundary of the Nenjiang Stage, Cretaceous. Journal of Stratigraphy, 28, 297–299, 335 [In Chinese with English abstract].
Li, G., Ohta, T., Batten, D.J., Sakai, T. & Kozai, T. (2016) Morphology and phylogenetic origin of the spinicaudatan Neodiestheria from the Lower Cretaceous Dalazi Formation, Yanji Basin, north-eastern China. Cretaceous Research, 62, 183–193.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.09.019
Li, G., Wan, X.Q., Batten, D.J., Bengtson, P., Xi, D.P. & Wang, P.J. (2009) Spinicaudatans from the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation of the Songliao Basin, northeast China: taxonomy and biostratigraphy. Cretaceous Research, 30 (3), 687–698.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2008.12.008
Linder, F. (1945) Affinities within the Branchiopoda with notes on some dubious fossils. Arkiv för Zoologi, 37A, 1–28.
Martin, J.W. & Davis, G.E. (2001) An updated classification of the recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series, 39, 1–124.
Novozhilov, N.I. (1954) Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous conchostracans from Mongolia. Transactions of the Palaeontological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, 48, 7–124.
Preuss, G. (1951) Die Verwandtschaft der Anostraca und Phyllopoda. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 147, 49–64.
Sun, L., Bian, X.F., He, D.X., Zhang, J. & Su, F. (2018) Hydrocarbon-generating potential of source rocks from Nenjiang Formation in Ganhe region of central Dayangshu Basin. Global Geology, 37 (3), 882–890 [In Chinese with English abstract].
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2018.03.019
Sun, L., Bian, X.F. & Zeng, Z. (2019) Paleoenvironmental analysis during sedimentary period of Nenjiang Formation in Ganhe region of the central Dayangshu Basin. Geological Review, 65 (Supp. 1), 85–86 [In Chinese].
https://doi.org/10.16509/j.georeview.2019.s1.040
Sun, L., Wang, C.L. & Bian, X.F. (2020) A new palynological assemblage from the Nenjiang Formation of Dayangshu Basin, and its geological implication. Acta Geologica Sinica, 94 (1), 198–199.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.14416
Tan, H.C. & Wang, H.S. (1929) Geology along the valley of Nengkiang River, Heilungkiang. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of China, 13, 32–41. 8 pls.
Wang, L., Chen, X.D., Li, W., Liu, S.Z. & Wang, X.R. (2017) A new species of Cretadromus from the Lower Cretaceous Guanghua Formation in the Da Hinggan Mountains, Inner Mongolia. Geology in China, 44 (4), 818–819 [In Chinese with English abstract].
Wang, X.R., Cau, A., Kundrát, M., Chiappe, L.M., Ji, Q., Wang, Y., Li, T. & Wu, W.H. (2020) A new advanced ornithuromorph bird from Inner Mongolia documents the northernmost geographic distribution of the Jehol paleornithofauna in China. Historical Biology.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2020.1731805
Zhang, L.J., Chu, H., Wang, X., Han, G. & Gao, F. (2020) New findings of the angiosperm-bearing strata in Ganhe, central Dayangshu Basin, Inner Mongolia, NE China. Journal of Stratigraphy, 44 (3), 326–336 [In Chinese with English abstract].
https://doi.org/10.19839/j.cnki.dcxzz.2020.0024
Zhang, W.T., Chen, P.J. & Shen, Y.B. (1976) Fossil Conchostraca of China. Science Press, Beijing, 325 pp., 138 pls. [In Chinese].