Abstract
A re-examination of the holotype of the Norian (Late Triassic) clam shrimp type species Shipingia hebaozhaiensis Shen in Zhang et al., 1976 has revealed that small and large sized reticulations are irregularly arranged in the dorsal part of the carapace. In the middle part of the carapace, large sized reticulations are located in the upper part, and small sized reticulations in the lower part of each growth band. Growth bands in the ventral part of the carapace have only small sized reticulations. This ornamentation pattern is different from that of the other Norian zonal species from North America and western Europe.
References
- Boukhalfa, K., Li, G., Ben Ali, W. & Soussi, M. (2015) Early Cretaceous spinicaudatans (“conchostracans”) from lacustrine strata of the Sidi Aïch Formation in the northern Chotts range, southern Tunisia: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and stratigraphic implication. Cretaceous Research, 56, 482–490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.06.006
- Chen, P.J. & Shen, Y.B. (1985) An introduction to fossil Conchostraca. Science Press, Beijing, 241 pp. [In Chinese]
- Chen, P.J. & Hudson, J.D. (1991) The conchostracan fauna of the Great Estuarine Group, Middle Jurassic, Scotland. Palaeontology, 34 (3), 515–545.
- Chen, P.J., Li, G. & Batten, D.J. (2007) Evolution, migration and radiation of late Mesozoic conchostracans in East Asia. Geological Journal, 42 (3-4), 391–413. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.1064
- Gallego, O.F., Monferran, M.D., Stigall, A.L., Zacarías, I.A., Hegna, T.A., Jiménez, V.C., Bittencourt, J.S., Li, G. & Barrios Calathaki, H.G. (2020) The Devonian–Cretaceous fossil record of “conchostracans” of Africa and their paleobiogeographic relationships with other Gondwanan faunas. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 161, 103648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103648
- Gerstaecker, A. (1866) Crustacea (Erste Halfe). In: Bronn, H.G. (Ed.) Die Klassen und Ordungen der Thier-Reichs, 5 (Part 1 Arthropoda). C.F. Winter, Leipzig, 1320 pp.
- Hauschke, N. & Kozur, H. (2011) Two new conchostracan species from the Late Triassic of the Fuchsberg, northern foreland of the Harz Mountains northeast of Seinstedt (Lower Saxony, Germany). Fossil Record 3. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 53, 187–194.
- Hegna, T.A. (2021) A redescription of the clam shrimp, Orthestheria shupei (Stephenson, in Stephenson & Stenzel, 1952) comb. nov., from the Cenomanian (Cretaceous) of Texas. Cretaceous Research, 125: 104864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104864
- Kozur, H.W., Franz, M. & Bachmann, G.H. (2013) Shipingia weemsi n. sp., a biostratigraphically important conchostracan species from the uppermost Carnian and lowermost Norian of central Europe. The Triassic System. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 61, 325–330.
- Kozur, H.W. & Weems, R.E. (2005) Conchostracan evidence for a late Rhaetian to early Hettangian age for the CAMP volcanic event in the Newark Supergroup, and a Sevatian (late Norian) age for the immediately underlying beds. Hallesches Jahrbuch Geowissenschaft B, 27, 21–51.
- Kozur, H.W. & Weems, R.E. (2007) Upper Triassic conchostracan biostratigraphy of the continental rift basins of eastern North America: its importance for correlating Newark Supergroup events with the Germanic basin and the international geologic timescale. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 41, 137–188.
- Kozur, H.W. & Weems, R.E. (2010) The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 334, 315–417. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP334.13
- Li, G. (2017a) Revision of fossil clam shrimp taxonomy and a case study on palaobiogeography of Jurassic clam shrimps in China. Journal of Environment and Bio Research, 1 (1), 1–6.
- Li, G. (2017b) SEM morphological study of the type species of Ordosestheria Wang, 1984 (Spinicaudata) from Ordos Basin of mid-west China. Cretaceous Research, 75, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.03.006
- Li, G. (2017c) Morphological restudy of the type species of Xibeiestheria (Spinicaudata) from the lower Aptian, northwestern China. Cretaceous Research, 80, 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.08.008
- Li, G. (2020a) New spinicaudatan species of Late Jurassic Linglongta Phase of Yanliao Biota from western Liaoning, China. Zoological Studies, 59, 36. https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2020.59-36
- Li, G. (2020b) SEM morphological study of the Late Permian clam shrimp Polygrapta chatangensis (Spinicaudata, Crustacea). Palaeoentomology, 3 (4), 366–374. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.3.4.8
- Li, G. (2020c) Discovery of important taxonomic features in fossil clam shrimp genus Loxomegaglypta (Crustacea: Spinicaudata). Acta Palaeologica Sinica, 59, 445–451. https://doi.org/10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2020.043
- Li, G. (2022) New taxonomic features of fossil clam shrimp Aquilonoglypta (Spinicaudata) and its implication for origin of triglyptids. Paleontological Research, 26, 8–17. https://doi.org/10.2517/PR200028
- Li, G. & Batten, D.J. (2004) Revision of the conchostracan genera Cratostracus and Porostracus from Cretaceous deposits in north-east China. Cretaceous Research, 25(6), 919–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2004.09.004
- Li, G. & Batten, D.J. (2005) Revision of the conchostracan genus Estherites from the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation of the Songliao Basin and its biogeographic significance in China. Cretaceous Research, 26(6), 920–929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2005.06.006
- Li, G. & Matsuoka, A. (2012) Jurassic clam shrimp (“conchostracan”) faunas in China. Science Report of Niigata University (Geology), 27, 73–88.
- Li, G. & Wu, Z. (2021) Early Cretaceous clam shrimp Yanjiestheria (Spinicaudata, Crustacea) from eastern Liaoning, northeastern China. Cretaceous Research, 128, 104962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104962
- Li, G., Hirano, H., Kozai, T., Sakai, T. & Pan, Y.H. (2009) Middle Jurassic spinicaudatan Shizhuestheria from the Sichuan Basin and its ontogenetic implication. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 52 (12), 1962–1968. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-009-0161-5
- Li, G., Hirano, H., Batten, D.J., Wan, X.Q., Willems, H. & Zhang, X.Q. (2010) Biostratigraphic significance of spinicaudatans from the Upper Cretaceous Nanxiong Group in Guangdong, South China. Cretaceous Research, 31 (4), 387–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2010.05.003
- Li, G., Ohta, T., Batten, D.J., Sakai, T. & Kozai, T. (2016) Morphology and phylogenetic origin of the spinicaudatan Neodiestheria from the Lower Cretaceous Dalazi Formation, Yanji Basin, north-eastern China. Cretaceous Research, 62, 183–193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.09.019
- Liao, H.Y. & Shen, Y.B. (2022) An Early Devonian clam shrimp community from Hunan Province, China. Journal of Paleontology, 96(1), 164–173. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2021.78
- Liao, H.Y., Shen, Y.B. & Huang, D.Y. (2019) Pemphilimnadiopsis cheni sp. nov. (Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Spinicaudata) from the Upper Carboniferous of East Hebei, China and its biostratigraphic significance. Palaeoentomology, 2 (4), 381–389. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.4.12
- Linder, F. (1945) Affinities within the Branchiopoda with notes on some dubious fossils. Arkiv för Zoologi, 37A, 1–28.
- Martin, J.W. & Davis, G.E. (2001) An updated classification of the recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series, 39, 1–124.
- Novozhilov, N.I. (1958) Conchostraca du Permien et du Trias du littoral de la mer des Laptev et de la Toungouzka inférieure. Annales du Service d’Information Géologique du B.R.G.G.M. Paris, 26, 15–80.
- Scholze, F. & Schneider, J.W. (2015) Improved methodology of ‘conchostracan’ (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) classification for biostratigraphy. Newsletter of Stratigraphy, 48 (3), 287–298. https://doi.org/10.1127/nos/2015/0065
- Shen, Y.B. (1994) Jurassic conchostracans from Carapace Nunatak, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Antarctic Science, 6 (1), 105–113.
- Teng, X. & Li, G. (2021a) Discovery of Iliestheria (Crustacea: spinicaudatan) from the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in Junggar Basin, northwestern China. Palaeoworld, 30 (1), 138–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2020.04.004
- Teng, X. & Li, G. (2021b) Morphological study of Qaidamestheria (Spinicaudata) from the Middle Jurassic in Qinghai, northwestern China. Paleontological Research, 25 (3), 165–176, 112. https://doi.org/10.2517/2020PR019
- Weems, R.E. & Lucas, S.G. (2015) A revision of the Norian conchostracan zonation in North America and its implication for Late Triassic North American Tectonic history. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 67, 303–318.
- Zhang, W.T., Chen, P.J. & Shen, Y.B. (1976) Fossil Conchostraca of China. Science Press, Beijing, 325 pp. 138 pls. [In Chinese]
- Zhang, Y.Z., Li, G., Teng, X., Wang, L.H. & Cheng, X.S. (2017) New Jurassic spinicaudatans from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of northwestern China and their evolutionary implications. Palaeoworld, 26 (4), 663–671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2017.04.004