Abstract
Two new species of the family Cantharidae from Baltic amber are described and illustrated: Sucinorhagonycha fabrizioi sp. nov. (Cantharinae, Cacomorphocerini) and Cantharis (Cantharis) samsocki sp. nov. (Cantharinae, Cantharini). The former is particularly notable because it has 12 antennomeres, a characteristic that is relatively rare among the world’s extant beetles, particularly in soldier beetles. This fascinating characteristic and why it may have evolved are explored here.
References
- Alekseev, V.I. (2013) The beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) of Baltic amber: the checklist of described species and preliminary analysis of biodiversity. Zoology and Ecology, 23 (1), 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2013.769717
- Alekseev, V.I. (2017) Coleoptera from the middle-upper Eocene European ambers: generic composition, zoogeography and climatic implications. Zootaxa, 4290 (3), 401–443. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4290.3.1
- Beutel, R.G. & Haas, F. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships of the suborders of Coleoptera (Insecta). Cladistics, 16, 103–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00350.x
- Brancucci, M. (1980) Morphologie comparée, évolution et systématique des Cantharidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Entomologica Basiliensia, 5, 215–388.
- Bukejs, A., Fanti, F. & McKellar, R.C. (2019) A new species of Cacomorphocerus Schaufuss, 1892 (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) from Baltic amber with a key to known species. Palaeontologia Electronica, 22.2.28A, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.26879/903
- Constantin, R. (2014) Observations sur des Cantharidae de France et description de deux espèces nouvelles (Coleoptera, Elateroidea). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 119 (1), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.2014.2570
- Delkeskamp, K. (1977) Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa. Pars 165. Fasc. I. Cantharidae. W. Junk, The Hague, 485 pp.
- Elgar, M.A., Johnson, T.L. & Symonds, M.R. (2019) Sexual selection and organs of sense: Darwin’s neglected insight. Animal Biology, 69, 63–82. https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00001046
- Fanti, F. (2017a) Catalogo Cantharidae fossili del mondo. Fossils & Minerals Review, 2, 1–18. [Abbreviated Italian version] / World catalog of fossil Cantharidae. Fossils & Minerals Review, 2 (Special Issue), 1–52. [Extended English version]
- Fanti, F. (2017b) New fossil Cantharidae genus and species from Baltic amber (Insecta Coleoptera). Giornale Italiano di Entomologia, 14 (62), 709–714.
- Fanti, F. (2019) First fossil soldier beetles (Coleoptera Cantharidae) from Bitterfeld amber, Germany. Zitteliana, 93, 89–96.
- Fanti, F. & Damgaard, A.L. (2018) Fossil soldier beetles from Baltic amber of the Anders Damgaard amber collection (Coleoptera Cantharidae). Baltic Journal of Coleopterology, 18 (1), 1–32.
- Fanti, F. & Damgaard, A.L. (2019) New soldier beetles (Cantharidae) from Baltic, Burmese and Dominican ambers of the Anders Damgaard amber collection. Baltic Journal of Coleopterology, 19 (2), 101–125.
- Fanti, F. & Kupryjanowicz, J. (2018) Discovery of a new fossil soldier beetle in Eocene Baltic amber, with the establishment of the new tribe Cacomorphocerini. Annales de Paléontologie, 104 (2), 149–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annpal.2018.02.001
- Fanti, F. & Pankowski, M.G. (2020) Two new species of Cantharis Linnaeus, 1758 from Baltic amber, Zootaxa, 4878 (3), 401–411. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.1
- Fanti, F. & Pankowski, M.G. (2023) The first species of Cantharis from Ukrainian Rovno amber (Coleoptera, Cantharidae). Zootaxa, 5323 (2), 293–297. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.9
- Fanti, F. & Pankowski, M.J. (2018) A new fossil soldier beetle (Coleoptera, Cantharidae, Silinae) from Eocene Baltic amber. Zootaxa, 4370 (2), 189–193. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4370.2.7
- Fanti, F. & Pankowski, M.K. (2018) Three new species of soldier beetles from Baltic amber (Coleoptera, Cantharidae). Zootaxa, 4455 (3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.7
- Fanti, F. & Pankowski, M.K. (2019) A new soldier beetle of the extinct tribe Cacomorphocerini Fanti & Kupryjanowicz, 2018. Zootaxa, 4651 (3), 589–595. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4651.3.11
- Fanti, F. & Poschmann, M. (2019) First soldier beetles (Coleoptera Cantharidae) from the late Oligocene Enspel Fossil-Lagerstätte (SW Germany). Palaeoentomology, 2 (4), 363–371. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.4.10
- Fanti, F. & Walker, L.J. (2019) Fossil soldier beetles (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) of the Georg Statz Collection from the Oligocene Rott Formation, Germany. Palaeoentomology, 2 (5), 491–504. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.5.13
- Ferreira, S.V, Keller, O. & Branham, M.A. (2020) Multilocus phylogeny support the nonbioluminescent firefly Chespirito as a new subfamily in the Lampyridae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea). Insect Systematics and Diversity, 4 (6), e2. https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa014
- Greenfield, M.D. (1981) Moth sex pheromones: An evolutionary perspective. Florida Entomologist, 64, 4–17. https://doi.org/10.2307/3494597
- Heer, O. (1847) Die Insektenfauna der Tertiärgebilde von Oeningen und von Radoboj in Croatien. Erste Abtheilung: Käfer. Erster Theil: Käfer. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 229 pp. + [1] + 8 plates. [reprinted in: Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die gesammten Naturwissenschaften. Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles, 8] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2469
- Heer, O. (1865) Die Urwelt der Schweiz. Friedrich Schulthess, Zürich, xxx + 622 pp., 11 plates.
- Heyden, C.[H.G.] von & Heyden, L.[F.J.D.] von (1866) Käfer und Polypen aus der Braunkohle des Siebengebirges. Palaeontographica, 15 (3), 131–156 (+ p. 157: Dipteren-Larve aus dem Tertiär-Thon von Nieder Flörsheim in Rhein-Hessen) + plates 22–24. [separatum under the title: Käfer und Polypen aus der Braunkohle des Siebengebirges.—Dipteren-Larve aus dem Tertiär-Thon von Nieder Flörsheim in Rhein-Hessen. Besonderer Abdruck aus den Palaeontographicis, XV. Theodor Fischer, Cassel, pp. 1–29 + plates 1–3]
- Kazantsev, S.V. (2013) New taxa of Baltic amber soldier beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cantharidae) with synonymic and taxonomic notes. Russian Entomological Journal, 22, 283–291.
- Kazantsev, S.V. (2018) New Baltic amber soldier beetles (Coleoptera, Cantharidae, Cantharinae). Euroasian Entomological Journal, 17 (2), 146–152. https://doi.org/10.15298/euroasentj.17.2.11
- Kazantsev, S.V. (2020) New Baltic amber soldier beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cantharidae) with some taxonomic notes. Palaeoentomology, 3 (3), 260–268. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.3.3.7
- Kazantsev, S.V. (2021) New species of Baltic amber soldier beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cantharidae). Russian Entomological Journal, 30 (2), 153–158. https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.30.2.08
- Kazantsev, S.V. & Brancucci, M. (2007) Family Cantharidae Imhoff, 1856 (1815) In: Löbl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 4. Elateroidea, Derodontoidea, Bostrichoidea, Lymexyloidea, Cleroidea, Cucujoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 234–298.
- Kazantsev, S.V. & Perkovsky, E.E (2019) The first Cretaceous beetle from Azerbaijan: Katyacantharis zherikhini gen. et sp. n. (Coleoptera, Cantharidae) from Cenomanian Agdzhakend amber. Palaeoentomology, 2 (1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.1.2
- Kovalev, A.V. & Kirejtshuk, A.G. (2006) Asiopsectra gen. n., a second genus of the family Brachypsectridae (Coleoptera, Elateroidea) from the Palaearctic Region. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 47, 195–208. https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-47022140
- Kubisz, D. (2000) Fossil beetles (Coleoptera) from Baltic amber in the collection of the Museum of Natural History of ISEA in Kraków. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 69, 225–230.
- Kundrata, R., Bukejs, A., Prosvirov, A.S. & Hoffmannova, J. (2020) X-ray micro-computed tomography reveals a unique morphology in a new click-beetle (Coleoptera, Elateridae) from the Eocene Baltic amber. Scientific Reports, 10: 20158. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76908-3
- Kundrata, R., Hoffmannova, J., Hinson, K.R., Keller, O. & Pačková, G. (2022) Rhagophthalmidae Olivier, 1907 (Coleoptera, Elateroidea): described genera and species, current problems, and prospects for the bioluminescent and paedomorphic beetle lineage. ZooKeys, 1126, 55–130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1126.90233
- Kuśka, A. (1996) New beetle species (Coleoptera: Cantharidae, Curculionidae) from the Baltic amber. Prace Muzeum Ziemi, 44, 13–18.
- Nunes, V.C.S., Souto, P.M., Minelli, A., Stanger-Hall, K.F. & Silveira, L.F.L. (2020) Antennomere numbers in fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): unique patterns and tentative explanations. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 286, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2020.02.006
- Pankowski, M.G. & Fanti, F. (2023) Six new species of fossil soldier beetles (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) from Eocene Baltic amber, Palaeoentomology, 6 (3), 300–312. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.13
- Poinar, G.O. Jr. & Fanti, F. (2019) A new fossil soldier beetle (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) of the genus Cacomorphocerus Schaufuss, 1892 from Baltic amber. Palaeodiversity, 12 (1), 99–105. https://doi.org/10.18476/pale.v12.a9
- Ramsdale, A.S. (2002) Family 64. Cantharidae Imhoff 1856. In: Arnett, R.H. Jr., Thomas, M.C., Skelley, P.E. & Frank, J.H. (Eds), American beetles. 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 202–218.
- Schaufuss, C. (1892) Preussens Bernstein-Käfer. I. Neue Formen aus der Helm’schen Sammlung im Danziger Provinzialmuseum. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift (1891), 36 (1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.18910360111
- Spahr, U. (1981) Systematischer Katalog der Bernstein- und Kopal-Käfer (Coleoptera). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B, 80, 1–107.
- Traugott, M. (2003) The prey spectrum of larval and adult Cantharis species in arable land: an electrophoretic approach. Pedobiologia, 47, 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1078/0031-4056-00179
- Wittmer, W. (1963) A new cantharid from the Chiapas amber of Mexico. University of California Publications in Entomology, 31, 53 + pl. 3 (p. 59).