Abstract
A new genus and species of fossil of Centrocnemidinae, Acutiangulus densus Zhang, Liu & Yao gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Acutiangulus densus Zhang, Liu & Yao gen. et sp. nov. can be distinguished from other genera by the humeral angle with a sharp spine and the posterior lateral angle of each connexival tergite with a setigerous spine. Acutiangulus densus is the first fossil record of Centrocnemidinae from Mesozoic and also represents a member of the stem group. Furthermore, the irregular trapezoidal cell situated in the corium’s inner apical is proposed to serve as an adjunctive diagnostic character for Centrocnemidinae.
References
- Brazidec, M. (2023) Argemiones stupeflip gen. et sp. nov., a new spathiopterygid wasp (Hymenoptera: Diaprioidea) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Palaeoentomology, 6 (3), 292–299. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.12
- Cai, W.Z., Chou, Y. & Lu, J.S. (1994) The morphology, postembryonic development and evolution of stridulitra in Reduviidae with special reference to their taxonomic importance (Heteroptera: Reduvioidea). Insect Science, 1, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.1994.tb00190.x
- Carayon, J., Usinger, R.L. & Wygodzinsky, P. (1958) Notes on the higher classification of the Reduviidae, with the description of a new tribe of the Phymatinae (Hemiptera—Heteroptera). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 57, 256–281.
- Cassis, G. & Gross, G.F. (1996) Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Coleorrhyncha to Cimicomorpha). Journal of The New York Entomological Society, 104, 113–115.
- Chen, Z., Liu, Y.Q., Wu, Y.F., Michael, L. & Cai, W.Z. (2022) A survey of the tribe Ectinoderini (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) of China, with the description of a new Ectinoderus species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 25 (4), 101974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2022.101974
- Dispons, P. (1965) Un nouvelle espèce de Neocentrocnemis Miller. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 70, 91–94. https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1965.20807
- Engle, M.S. & Jouault, C. (2024) Hodotermopsid termites from the mid-Cretaceous Hkamti and Kachin ambers (Isoptera: Hodotermopsidae). Palaeoentomology, 7 (1), 80–91. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.7.1.5
- Froeschner, R.C. & Kormilev, N.A. (1989) Phymatidae or ambush bugs of the world: a synonymic list with keys to species, except Lophoscutus and Phymata (Hemiptera). Entomography, 6, 1–76.
- Grimaldi, D.A. & Ross, A.J. (2017) Extraordinary Lagerstätten in amber, with particular reference to the Cretaceous of Burma. In: Fraser, N.C. & Sues, H.D. (Eds), Terrestrial conservation Lagerstätten: windows into the evolution of life on land. Dunedin Academic Press, Edinburgh, pp. 287–342. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.12638994.12
- Hsiao, T.Y. (1974) New species and new records of Reduviidae (Hem.—Het.) from China. Acta Entomologia Sinica, 17, 318–324.
- Hwang, W.S. & Weirauch, C. (2012) Evolutionary history of assassin bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae): insights from divergence dating and ancestral state reconstruction. PLoS One, 7, e45523. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045523
- Knyshov, A., Gordon, E.R., Masonick, P.K., Castillo, S., Forero, D., Hoey-Chamberlain, R., Hwang, W.S., Johnson, K.P., Lemmon, A.R., Lemmon, E.M., Standring, S., Zhang, J.X. & Weirauch, C. (2023) Chromosome-aware phylogenomics of assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduvioidea) elucidates ancient gene conflict. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 40 (8), msad168. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msad168
- Lent, H. & Wygodzinsky, P. (1979) Revision of the Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae), and their significance as vectors of Chagas' disease. Bulletin of the American museum of Natural History, 163 (3), 123–520.
- Li, H., Yan, K.Y., Constant, J. & Cai, W.Z. (2009) A review of the subfamily Centrocneminae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Sumatra. Zootaxa, 2166 (1), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2166.1.2
- Maldonado-Capriles, J. (1990) Systematic Catalogue of the Reduviidae of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera). A special edition of Caribbean Journal of Science, Puerto Rico, 694 pp.
- Masonick, P., Michael, A., Frankenberg, S., Rabitsch, W. & Weirauch, C. (2017) Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the ambush bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 114, 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.010
- Miller, N.C.E. (1956) Centrocneminae, a new subfamily of the Reduviidae (Hemiptera—Heteroptera). Bulletin of British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 4, 219–282.
- Miller, N.C.E. (1958) Reduviidae (Hemiptera—Heteroptera) from the Oriental and Australian regions with descriptions of new genera and species. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 69, 66–89.
- Popov, Y.A. & Putshkov, P.V. (1998) Redubinotus liedtkei n. gen. n. sp.—the second centrocnemina from the Baltic amber (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Centrocnemidinae). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum (Entomology), 8 (9), 205–210.
- Putshkov, P.V. & Popov, Y.A. (1993) A remarkable nymph of a centrocneminous bug from the Baltic amber (Insecta: Heteroptera, Reduviidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Inststitut der Universität Hamburg, 75, 211–229.
- Rédei, D. & Tsai, J.F. (2011) The assassin bug subfamilies Centrocnemidinae and Holoptilinae in Taiwan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 51 (2), 411–442. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5328439
- Ross, A.J. (2024) complete checklist of Burmese (Myanmar) amber taxa 2023. Mesozoic, 1 (1), 21–57. https://doi.org/10.11646/mesozoic.1.1.4
- Schuh, R.T., Weirauch, C. & Wheeler, W.C. (2009) Phylogenetic relationships within the Cimicomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): a total‐evidence analysis. Systematic Entomology, 34 (1), 15–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00436.x
- Schuh, R.T. & Weirauch, C. (2020) True bugs of the world (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and natural history. Second Edition. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, 768 pp.
- Shi, G.H., Grimaldi, D.A., Harlow, G.E., Wang, J., Wang, J., Yang, M.C., Lei, W.Y., Li, Q.L. & Li, X.H. (2012) Age constraint on Burmese amber based on U-Pb dating of zircons. Cretaceous Research, 37, 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.014
- Swanson, D.R. (2017) Taxonomic changes in Salyavatinae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), with an updated generic key. Zootaxa, 4312 (3), 515–530. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4312.3.6
- Swanson, D.R. (2020) Hoffmannocoris sinuatus sp. nov. and a new generic synonym in the Harpactorinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) of Africa, with a brief history of ‘Rhaphidosomatini’. Austral Entomology, 59 (1), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12445
- Truong, X.L., Li, H. & Cai, W.Z. (2010) First record of the assassin bug subfamily Centrocnemidinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Vietnam, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 2347 (1), 64–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2347.1.4
- Van Doesburg, P.H. & Brailovsky, H. (2001) Notes on Salyavata Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Salyavatinae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 75, 385–392.
- Van Doesburg, P.H. & Forero, D. (2012) Revision of the genus Salyavata Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Salyavatinae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 86 (1), 515–568.
- Weirauch, C., Bérenger, J.M., Berniker, L., Forero, D., Forthman, M., Frankenberg, S., Freedman, A., Gordon, E., Hoey-Chamberlain, R., Hwang, W.S., Marshall, S.A., Michael, A., Paiero, S.M., Udah, O., Watson, C., Yeo, M., Zhang, G. & Zhang, J. (2014) An illustrated identification key to assassin bug subfamilies and tribes (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 26 (2), 1–115. https://doi.org/10.3752/cjai.2014.26
- Weirauch, C. (2008) Cladistic analysis of Reduviidae (Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha) based on morphological characters. Systematic Entomology, 33, 229–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2007.00417.x
- Weirauch, C., Forero, D. & Jacobs, D.H. (2011) On the evolution of raptorial legs—an insect example (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae). Cladistics, 27 (2), 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00325.x
- Zhang, G.Y. & Weirauch, C. (2011) Matching dimorphic sexes and immature stages with adults: resolving the systematics of the Bekilya group of Malagasy assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Peiratinae). Systematic Entomology, 36 (1), 115–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00551.x
- Zhang, Y.J., Rasnitsyn, A.P., Zhang, W.W., Song, F., Shih, C.K., Ren, D., Wang, Y.J., Li, H. & Gao, T.P. (2024) Stem chewing lice on Cretaceous feathers preserved in amber. Current Biology, 34 (4), 916–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.027