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Issue: Vol. 7 No. 5: October 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-10-30
DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.7.5.4
Page range: 594–610
Abstract views: 359
PDF downloaded: 16

Archaic sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) as Cretaceous pollinators

Institut Botànic de Barcelona (CSIC-CMCNB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain
Department of Entomology, National Museum, 14800 Prague, Czech Republic
Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l’Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
HeiKa Graduate School on “Functional Materials”, Heidelberg, Germany; Centre for Organismal Studies, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Bonn Institute of Organismic Biology (BIOB), Section Palaeontology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
Bonn Institute of Organismic Biology (BIOB), Section Biodiversity of Animals, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany; Biocenter, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Fossil Amber Synchrotron Kateretidae pollination Burmese amber beetle Coleoptera Nitidulidae

Abstract

Kateretidae have been considered a family of generalist (as a whole) fossil pollinator beetles after the description of many fossil species in this taxon from the Upper Cretaceous Kachin amber together with pollen grains from their host plant. But the placement of this group of fossils in Kateretidae remained tentative because some definite characters to be observed in the fossils (e.g., maxillae and genitalia) were almost inaccessible by conventional methods. A recent paper proposed to include most of these fossil “kateretid” genera and species in the newly erected family Apophisandridae among Cucujoidea. The description of the two new genera and species Diopsiretes corniger gen. et sp. nov. and Cornuturetes elaphus gen. et sp. nov. from the same deposit, and the use of synchrotron light to describe the first cited species, combined with the examination of new photographic material of the type of Apophisandra ammytae, allowed us to better define this peculiar group of fossils. We attempt to demonstrate their placement in an extinct basal subfamily in Nitidulidae (Apophisandrinae stat. nov.), with some partially shared plesiomorphic characters of both Kateretidae and Nitidulidae: Epuraeinae, and with a series of convergent morphological characters also shared with other extant anthophagous nitidulids including Nitidulinae: Mystropini and Meligethinae. As such, all the fossil species from the Kachin amber initially described in Kateretidae and recently moved to Apophisandridae, should be included in Nitidulidae: Apophisandrinae.

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