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Issue: Vol. 7 No. 6: December 2024
Type: Article
Published: 2024-12-20
DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.7.6.8
Page range: 723-739
Abstract views: 32
PDF downloaded: 18

Swarming behaviour and pollination by Cretaceous thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera)

Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l’Oceà, Facultad de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c/Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, CSIC, c/Cirilo Amorós 42, 46004, Valencia, Spain
Institut Botànic de Barcelona, CSIC–CMCNB, Passeig del Migdia s/n, 08038, Barcelona, Spain
Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l’Oceà, Facultad de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c/Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
amber Cenomanian gymnosperms paleobiology Myanmar Insecta Thysanoptera

Abstract

Direct biotic interactions fossilize in low probability and are difficult to be recognized. This is because they normally occur over a brief time span and the conditions required for their fossilization are exceptional. Swarm behaviour in Thysanoptera (thrips) is a phenomenon that is not yet fully understood but is crucial for the survival and success of representatives of this order of insects. Moreover, the role of thrips as pollinators of gymnosperms had not gained significant attention until the Recent decline in insect populations, particularly pollinators, and the consequent impact on the flora that relies on them. Here we describe a thrips assemblage in Cenomanian Kachin amber (Myanmar, ca. 99 Ma), composed of both, females and males of the new species Burmathrips engeli gen. et sp. nov., belonging to the family Stenurothripidae, that has been interpreted as a swarm. These specimens have Cycadopites-type pollen grains attached to their bodies, with additional associated grains, most likely detached, being abundant in the same amber flow, throughout the amber piece. Nowadays, hexapod aggregations are related to different activities like mating and courtship, but identifying this type of behaviour in the fossil record is difficult. This finding demonstrates the antiquity of mating-related swarming behaviour in thrips, which is consistent with that of their extant counterparts. It also provides direct evidence that gregariousness facilitated the prominent role of thrips as gymnosperm pollinators during the Cretaceous.

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