Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 5 No. 4: July–August 2022
Type: Short Communication
Published: 2022-08-30
DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.4.13
Page range: 395–399
Abstract views: 258
PDF downloaded: 12

The earliest known species of Permeca (Insecta, Mecoptera, Permochoristidae) from the late Guadalupian Yinping Formation of China

State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, and Centre for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
Insecta Mecoptera Permochoristidae

Abstract

Mecoptera are commonly known as scorpionflies, as some mecopterans have bulbous genitals that are upturned, resembling the stinger of scorpions. As one of the most ancient holometabolous orders (Kristensen, 1981; Dunford & Somma, 2008), the stem group of mecopterans can be dated back to the early Permian (Rasnitsyn, 2004). Mecopterans play an important role in our understanding of the origin of fleas. Some Mesozoic giant fleas have been suggested to be derived from extinct long-proboscid mecopterans (Huang et al., 2012), and recent phylogenomic evidence has clearly demonstrated that fleas are nested within Mecoptera (Tihelka et al., 2020). Mecoptera are very abundant in the geological past, with more than 700 species and 210 genera placed in 39 families (Novokshonov et al., 2016; Ren et al., 2019; Wang, 2020). Extant faunas are represented by ca. 700 species and 40 genera assigned to 9 families (Bicha, 2018; Wang, 2020).

References

  1. Aristov, D.S., Bashkuev, A.S., Golubev, V.K., Gorochov, A.V., Karasev, E.V., Kopylov, D.S., Ponomarenko, A.G., Rasnitsyn, A.P., Rasnitsyn, D.A., Sinitshenkova, N.D., Sukatsheva, I.D. & Vassilenko, D.V. (2013) Fossil insects of the middle and upper Permian of European Russia. Paleontological Journal, 47 (7), 641–832. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030113070010
  2. Bashkuev, A.S. & Sukatsheva, I.D. (2021) New species of Kamopanorpa Martynov from the Permian of South Siberia with comments on the systematic position of Microptysmat-idae (Protomeropina = Permotrichoptera). Palaeoentomology, 4 (5), 453–461. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.5.11
  3. Bicha, W.J. (2018) Biodiversity of Mecoptera. In: Foottit, R.G. & Adler, P.H. (Eds), Insect biodiversity: science and society. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, pp. 705–720.
  4. Dunford, J.C. & Somma, L.A. (2008) Scorpionflies (Mecoptera). In: Capinera, J.L.F. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of entomology. Springer Netherlands, Berlin, pp. 3304–3310.
  5. Fu, Y.Z. & Huang, D.Y. (2020) Sinomorphoptila incompleta gen. et sp. nov., a new dysmorphoptilid from the Middle Permian of China (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Prosbolomorpha). Palaeoentomology, 3 (4), 361–365. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.3.4.7
  6. Huang, D.Y., Nel, A., Lin, Q.B. & Dong, F.B. (2007) The first Glosselytrodea (Insecta) from the latest Middle Permian of Anhui Province, China. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 112 (2), 179–182. https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.2007.16418
  7. Huang, D.Y., Engel, M.S., Cai, C.Y., Wu, H. & Nel, A. (2012) Diverse transitional giant fleas from the Mesozoic era of China. Nature, 438, 201–204. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10839
  8. Huang, D.Y., Fu, Y.Z., Lian, X.N. & Nel, A. (2020a) Sinaspidoneura magnifica nov. gen., nov. sp., first Chinese Caloneurodea (Insecta: Archaeorthoptera). Geobios, 63, 33–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.10.003
  9. Huang, D.Y., Schubnel, T. & Nel, A. (2020b) A new middle Permian orthopteran family questions the position of the Order Titanoptera (Archaeorthoptera: Orthoptera). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 18 (15), 1217–1222. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2020.1733112
  10. Huang, D.Y., Fu, Y.Z., Lian, X.N., Gao, J. & Nel, A. (2022) The first Chinese Protohymenidae (Palaeoptera: Megasecoptera). Historical Biology, 34 (3), 458–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2021.1929950
  11. Kametaka, M., Nagaim, H., Zhu, S.Z. & Takebe, M. (2009) Middle Permian radiolarians from Anmenkou, Chaohu, Northeastern Yangtze platform, China. Island Arc, 18 (1), 108–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2008.00649.x
  12. Kristensen, N.P. (1981) Phylogeny of insect orders. Annual Review of Entomology, 26, 135–157. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.26.010181.001031
  13. Lian, X.N., Cai, C.Y. & Huang, D.Y. (2021) New species of Mesopsyche Tillyard, 1917 (Mecoptera: Mesopsychidae) from the Triassic of northwestern China. Zootaxa, 4995 (3), 565–572. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4995.3.10
  14. Lin, Q.B. (1982) Insecta. In: Nanjing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources of China’s Ministry of Land Resources, (Ed.), Palaeontology Atlas of Eastern China, III. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 329–331. [In Chinese]
  15. Lin, Q.B., Nel, A. & Huang, D.Y. (2010) The first agetopanorpine mecopteroid insect from Middle Permian of China (Insecta: Mecoptera: Permochoristidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 46, 62–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2010.10697639
  16. Martynova, O.M. (1961) Order Mecoptera In: Rohdendorf, B.B., Becker-Migdisova, E.E, Martynova, O.M. & Parov, A.G. (Eds), Paleozoic insects from the Kuznetsk Basin (Vol. 88). Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, pp. 487–593.
  17. Minet, J., Huang, D.Y., Wu, H. & Nel, A. (2010) Early Mecopterida and the systematic position of the Microptysmatidae (Insecta: Endopterygota). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 46 (1–2), 262–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2010.10697667
  18. Novokshonov, V.G. (1995) Permian scorpionflies (Insecta, Panorpida) on the family Permochoristidae. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, (1), 64–74. [In Russian]
  19. Novokshonov, V.G (1997a) Early evolution of scorpionflies (Insecta: Panorpida). Nauka Press, Moscow, 137 pp. [In Russian]
  20. Novokshonov, V.G. (1997b) Some Mesozoic scorpionflies (Insecta: Panorpida=Mecoptera) of the families Mesopsychidae, Pseudopolycentropodidae, Bittacidae, and Permochoristidae. Paleontological Journal, 31, 65–71. [In Russian]
  21. Novokshonov, V.G. (1997c) New Triassic scorpionflies (Insecta, Mecoptera). Paleontological Journal, 31 (6), 628–635. [In Russian]
  22. Novokshonov, V.G., Ross, A.J., Cook, E., Krzemiński, W. & Soszyńska-Maj, A. (2016) A new family of scorpionflies (Insecta; Mecoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of England. Cretaceous Research, 62, 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2010.10697639
  23. Ponomarenko, A.G., Yan, E.V. & Huang, D.Y. (2014) New beetles (Coleoptera) from the terminal Middle Permian of China. Paleontological Journal, 48, 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030114010109
  24. Rasnitsyn, A.P., Aristov, D.S., Gorochov, A.V., Rowland, J.M. & Sinitshenkova, N.D. (2004) Important new insect fossils from Carrizo Arroyo and the Permo-Carboniferous faunal boundary. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 25, 215–246.
  25. Ren, D., Shih, C.K., Gao, T.P., Wang, Y.J. & Yao, Y.Z. (2019) Rhythms of insect evolution: evidence from the Jurassic and Cretaceous in Northern China. Wiley Blackwell, New York, 707 pp. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119427957
  26. Riek, E.F. (1953) Fossil mecopteroid insects from the Upper Permian of New South Wales. Records of the Australian Museum, 23, 55–87. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.23.1953.621
  27. Szwedo, J. & Huang, D.Y. (2019) First Dysmorphoptilidae from the Permian of China (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Prosbolomorpha), with notes on the fossil record of the family. Palaeoentomology, 2 (2), 148–170. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.2.6
  28. Tihelka, E., Giacomelli, M., Huang, D.Y., Pisani, D., Donoghue, P.C. & Cai, C.Y. (2020) Fleas are parasitic scorpionflies. Palaeoentomology, 3 (6), 641–653. https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.3.6.16
  29. Tillyard, R.J. (1919) The panorpoid complex. 3. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 44, 533–718.
  30. Wang, J.S. (2020) Phylogeny and taxonomy of the World Panorpidae (Mecoptera). Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 886 pp. [In Chinese]
  31. Zhang, B.L., Yao, S.P., Hu, W.X., Ding, H., Liu, B. & Ren, Y.L. (2019) Development of a high-productivity and anoxic-euxinic condition during the late Guadalupian in the Lower Yangtze region: Implications for the mid-Capitanian extinction event. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 531, 108630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.01.021