Abstract
A new species of the genus Euricrium is described—Euricrium edwardsi sp. n.—from the State of Paraná, southern Brazil. Additional material of E. varians is identified and illustrated, expanding the known distribution of the species. E. unimacula (Lane), n.com. is redescribed based on the female holotype and illustrated, and formally transferred to Euricrium. A key for the Neotropical species of Euricrium is presented and comments are made on the known diversity of the genus.
References
Amorim, D.S. (1992) A catalogue of the family Sciaridae (Diptera) in the Americas South of the United States. Revista brasileira de Entomologia, 36 (1), 55–77.
Amorim, D.S. & Rindal, E. (2007) Phylogeny of the Mycetophiliformia, with proposal of the subfamilies Heterotrichinae, Ohakuneinae, and Chiletrichinae for the Rangomaramidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha). Zootaxa, 1535, 1–92.
Amorim, D.S. & Silva, V.C. (2002) How far advanced Diptera evolution in Pangaea? Annales de la Societé Entomologique de France, 38, 177–200.
Amorim, D.S. & Yeates, D. (2006) Pesky gnats: ridding dipteran classification of the “Nematocera”. Studia dipterologica, 13 (1), 3–9.
Blagoderov, V. & Grimaldi, D. (2004) Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous ambers, exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates, 3433, 1–76.
https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2004)433<0001:fsdica>2.0.co;2
Edwards, F.W. (1914) Nematocera: Sciaridae, Mycetophilidae, Bibionidae, Simuliidae, Psychodidae et Culicidae. Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique Orientale (1911–1912). Résultats scientifiques. Insectes Diptères, 2, 47–67.
Edwards, F.W. (1934) New Neotropical Mycetophilidae (III) (Diptera). Revista de Entomologia, 4 (3), 354–372.
Enderlein, G. (1911) Die phyletischen Beziehungen der Lycoriiden (Sciariden) zu den Fungivoriden (Mycetophiliden) und Itonididen (Cecidomyiiden) und ihre systematische Gliederung. Archive für Naturgeschichte, 77 (Supplement 3), 116–201.
Evenhuis, N.L. (1994) Catalogue of the fossil flies of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 600 pp.
Fungus Gnats Online (2015) Classification. Available from: http://sciaroidea.info/taxonomy/40255 (accessed 23 December 2015)
Grimaldi, D.A., Beck, C.W. & Boon, J.J. (1989) Occurrence, chemical characteristics, and paleontology of the fossil resins from New Jersey. American Museum Novitates, 2948, 1–28.
Hebert, P.D.N., Ratnasingham, S., Zakharov, E.V., Telfer, A.C., Levesque-Beaudin, V., Milton, M.A., Pedersen, S., Jannetta, P. & deWaard, J.R. (2016) Counting animal species with DNA barcodes: Canadian insects. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371, 20150333.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0333
Hennig, W. (1954) Flügelgeäder und System der Dipteren unter Berücksichtigung der aus dem Mesozoikum beschriebenen Fossilien. Beiträge zur Entomologie, 4 (3–4), 245–388.
Hennig, W. (1973) 31. Diptera (Zweiflügler). In: Helmcke, J.-G., Starck, D. & Wermuth, H. (Eds.), Hand-buch der Zoo-logie. Eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches. 4 (2). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin & New York, pp. 1–337.
Hippa, H. & Vilkamaa, P. (1991) The genus Prosciara Frey (Diptera, Sciaridae). Entomologica Fennica, 2 (3), 113–155.
Hippa, H. & Vilkamaa, P. (1994) The genus Camptochaeta gen. n. (Diptera, Sciaridae). Acta Zoologica Fennica, 194, 1–85.
Hippa, H. & Vilkamaa, P. (2006) Phylogeny of the Sciaroidea (Diptera): the implication of additional taxa and character data. Zootaxa, 1132, 63–68.
Jaschhof, M. & Didham, R.K. (2002) Rangomaramidae fam. nov. from New Zealand and implications for the phylogeny of the Sciaroidea (Diptera: Bibionomorpha). In: Studia dipterologica. Supplement 11. Halle an der Saale, Ampyx–Verlag, pp. 1–6.
Koçak, A.Ö. & Kemal, M. (2009) Two replacement names in the family Sciaridae (Diptera). Center of Entomological Studies, Miscellaneous Papers, 147/148, 6–7.
Lane, J. (1946) New Brazilian Mycetophilidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Revista de Entomologia, 17 (3), 339–360.
Lane, J. (1947) Espécies brasileiras de Stilobezzia (Dipt. Ceratopogonidae) e Zygoneura stonei nov. nom. (Dipt. Mycetophilidae). Revista de Entomologia, 18 (1–2), 197–214.
Lane, J. (1955) Novos Sciarinae do Brasil (Diptera, Nematocera, Mycetophilidae) (Fungivoridae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 42 (1), 255–260.
Lengersdorf, F. (1925) Über die Gattung Euricrium End. (Dipt. Lestr.). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 42 (4–10), 92–94.
Lengersdorf, F. (1926) Neue Sciariden– (Lycoriiden–) Arten aus Südamerika. (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1926, 164–168.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.192619260210Lengersdorf, F. (1939) Neubeschreibungen von Lycoriiden aus dem Belgischen Kongo. 2. Folge. Bulletin de Musée royal d’Histoire naturelle de Belgique, Brüssel, 15 (45), 1–8.
Lengersdorf, F. (1942) Revision der südamerikanischen Lycoriiden aus der Sammlung des Naturkundemuseums Stettin. Decheniana. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Rheinlande und Westfalens (Festschrift), 101 (A–B), 98–99.
Matile, L. (1990) Recherches sur la systématique et l’evolution des Keroplatidae (Diptera, Mycetophiloidea). Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Série A, Zoologie, 148, 1–682.
Matile, L. (1997) Phylogeny and evolution of the larval diet in the Sciaroidea (Diptera, Bibionomorpha) since the Mesozoic. In: Grandcolas, P. (Ed.), The origin of biodiversity in insects: Phylogenetic tests of evolutionary scenarios. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Série A, Zoologie, 173, 273–303.
McAlpine, J.F. (1981) Morphology and Terminology—Adults. In: McAlpine, J.F., Peterson, B.V., Shewell, G.E., Teskey, H.J., Vockeroth, J.R. & Wood, D.M. (Coords.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 1. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, pp. 9–63.
Meigen, J.W. (1803) Versuch einer neuen Gattungs-Eintheilung [sic!] der europäischen zweiflügligen Insekten. In: Magazin für Insektenkunde. Vol. 2. Karl Reichard, Braunschweig, pp. 259–281.
Meigen, J.W. (1830) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Vol. 6. Schulzische Buchhandlung, Hamm, xiv + 401 pp.
Menzel, F. & Mohrig, W. (2000) Revision der paläarktischen Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae). In: Studia dipterologica Supplement. Vol. 6. Halle an der Saale, Ampyx–Verlag, pp. 1–761.
Mohrig, W. (2003) Black fungus gnats of Central America. Part I. (Diptera, Sciaridae). Beiträge zur Entomologie, 53 (1), 1–69.
Mohrig, W. & Menzel, F. (2009) 16. Sciaridae (Black Fungus Gnats). In: Brown, B.V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J.M., Wood, D.M., Woodley, N.E. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 1. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 279–292.
Mohrig, W. & Menzel, F. (2014) Revision der neotropischen Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae) – Teil I. Contributions to Entomology, 64 (1), 135–190.
Salmela, J. & Vilkamaa, P. (2005) Sciaridae (Diptera) from central Finland: faunistics and taxonomy. Entomologica Fennica, 16 (4), 287–300.
Schühli, G., Penteado, S.R.C., Reis Filho, W. & Amorim, D.S. (2014) Sciarid fungus–gnats as nuisance factor in Pinus timber yards. Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira, 34 (80), 455–456.
https://doi.org/10.4336/2014.pfb.34.80.732
Shin, S., Jung, S., Menzel, F., Heller, K., Lee, H. & Lee, S. (2013) Molecular phylogeny of black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Sciaridae) and the evolution of larval habitats. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66 (3), 833–846.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.008
Shin, S., Menzel, F., Lee, H. & Lee, S. (2014) Review of the genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) in Korea, with an updated checklist of the World species. Journal of Asia–Pacific Entomology, 17 (3), 561–567.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2014.05.004
Søli, G.E.E. (1997) The adult morphology of Mycetophilidae (s. str.), with a tentative phylogeny of the family (Diptera, Sciaroidea). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 50, 5–55.
Steffan, W.A. (1983) Preparation of slide mounts of Sciaridae (Diptera). International Journal of Entomology, 25, 231–232.
Tuomikoski, R. (1957) Beobachtungen über einige Sciariden (Dipt.) deren Larven in faulem Holz oder unter der Rinde abgestorbener Bäume leben. Annales Entomologici Fennici, 23 (1), 1–35.
Whalley, P.E.S. (1981) Insects from Lebanese amber. Unpublished report, British Museum of Natural History (Geology), London, 11 pp.
Williston, S.W. (1896) XI. On the Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1896 (3), 253–446.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1896.tb00965.xWinnertz, J. (1867) Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Sciarinen. W. Braumüller, Wien, 187 pp.
Wood, D.M. & Borkent, A. (1989) Phylogeny and classification of the Nematocera. In: McAlpine, J.F., Peterson, B.V., Shewell, G.E., Teskey, H.J., Vockeroth, J.R. & Wood, D.M. (Eds.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 3. Monograph No. 27. Research Branch Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 1333–1370.