Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2017-09-01
Page range: 95–110
Abstract views: 81
PDF downloaded: 3

Two new ovoviviparous species of the family Selachinematidae and Sphaerolaimidae (Nematoda, Chromadorida & Monhysterida) from the
northern South China Sea

Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
UMR BOREA 7208 (Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques) CNRS-IRD-Museum, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75231, France.
Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
Nematoda Bendiella vivipara n. sp. Parasphaerolaimus jintiani n. sp. ovoviviparity free-living marine nematodes South China Sea

Abstract

Two new ovoviviparous nematode species are described from South China Sea. Bendiella vivipara n. sp. belongs to the family Selachinematidae and is characterized by a cuticle with lateral differentiation of 2–4 longitudinal rows of dots, and the presence of 3 papillose precloacal supplements. Parasphaerolaimus jintiani n. sp. is characterized by a cuticle with lateral longitudinal unstriated band extending from about the middle of the pharynx to the anterior two-thirds of the tail and a vulva situated far posteriorly. The importance of ovoviviparity in free living marine nematodes is discussed.

 

References

  1. Allgén, C.A. (1947) Die Nematoden-Familie Tripyloididae, ihre Arten und Verwandtschaft. Arkiv for Zoologi, 39 A, 1–35.

    Allgén, C.A. (1952) Über einige Fälle von Viviparie bei südlichen marinen Nematoden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, Bd. 149, Heft 5/6, 140–142.

    Andrássy, I. (2006) Halomonhystera, a new genus distinct from Geomonhystera Andrássy, 1981 (Nematoda: Monhysteridae). Meiofauna Marina, 15, 11–24.

    Bastian, H.C. (1865) Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or free nematoids, marine, land, and freshwater; with descriptions of 100 new species. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 25, 73–184.

    Boucher, G. (1985) Long term monitoring of meiofauna densities after the Amoco Cadiz oil spill. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 16, 328–333.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(85)90449-7

    Boucher, G. & Gourbault, N. (1990) Sublittoral meiofauna and diversity of nematode assemblages off Guadeloupe Islands (French West Indies). Bulletin of Marine science, 47, 448–463.

    Bresslau, E. & Schuurmans Stekhoven, J.H. (1940) Marine freilebende Nematoda aus der Nordsee. Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 42, 1–74.

    Bütschli, O. (1874) Zur Kenntniss der freilebenden Nematoden, insbesondere der des Kieler Hafens. Abhandlungen, Herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 9, 236–292.

    Chen, C.A., Nguyen, D.T. & Smol, N. (2015) Two new free-living marine nematode species from an intertidal sandy-rocky shore on Pulau Ubin, Singapore with a key to the valid species of the genera Prooncholaimus and Acanthonchus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 31 (Supplement), 68–74.

    Chitwood, B.G. (1933) A revised classification of the Nematoda. Journal of Parasitology Urbana, 20, 131.

    Chitwood, B.G. (1936) Some marine nematodes from North Carolina. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 3, 1–16.

    Chitwood, B.G. (1951) North American marine nematodes. Texas Journal of Science, 3, 617–672.

    Cobb, N.A. (1915) Selachinema, a new Nematode genus with remarkable mandibles. Contributions to a Science of Nematology, 4, 113–116.

    Cobb, N.A. (1920) One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology, 9, 217–343.

    Cobb, N.A. (1930) Note: The Demanian vessels in female nemas of the genus Oncholaimnus. Journal of Parasitology, 16, 159–161.

    De Coninck, L.A.P (1965) Systématique des nématodes. In: Grasse, P.P. (Ed.), Traité de Zoologie: Anatomie, Systématique, Biologie. Masson et Cie, Paris, pp. 586–731.

    De Coninck, L.A. & Schuurmans Stekhoven, J.H. (1933) The freeliving marine nemas of the Belgian coast: II. With general remarks on the structure and the system of nemas. Mémoires du Muséum Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, Brussel, 163 pp.

    De Jonge, V.N. & Bouwman, L.A. (1977) A simple density separation technique for quantitative isolation of meiobenthos using the colloidal silica Ludox-TM. Marine Biology, 42, 143–148.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00391564

    de Man, H. (1876) Onderzoekingen over vrij in de aarde levende Nematoden. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 2, 78–196.

    de Man, J.G. (1880) Die einheimischen, frei in der reinenErde und im süssen Wasser lebenden Nematoden. Vorläufíger Bericht und deskriptivsystematischer Teil. Tijdschrift Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeiging, 5, 1–104.

    de Man, J.G. (1886) Anatomische untersuchungen uber freilebende Nordsee-Nematoden. Frohberg, Leipzig, 82 pp.

    de Man, J.G. (1907) Sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues de nématodes libres vivant sur les côtes de la Zélande. Tijdschrift Der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 10, 227–244.

    De Meester, N., Derycke, S., Rigaux, A. & Moens, T. (2015) Temperature and salinity induce differential responses in life histories of cryptic nematode species.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 472, 54–62.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2015.07.002

    Derycke, S., Backeljau, T., Vlaeminck, C., Vierstraete, A., Vanfleteren, J., Vincx, M. & Moens, T. (2007) Spatiotemporal analysis of population genetic structure in Geomonhystera disjuncta (Nematoda, Monhysteridae) reveals high levels of molecular diversity. Marine Biology, 151, 1799–1812.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0609-0

    Ditlevsen, H. (1918) Marine free-living nematodes from Danish waters. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistork Forening i Kjobenhaven, 70, 147–214.

    Filipjev, I.N. (1918) Free-living marine nematodes of the Sevastopol area. Trudy Osoboi Zoologicheskoi Laboratorii i Sevastopol’skoi Biologicheskoi Stantsii, 4, 1–350.

    Filipjev, I.N. (1922) New data about free-living nematodes of the Black Sea. Transactions of Stavropol Agricultural Institute, 1, 83–184.

    Filipjev, I. (1929) Les Nématodes libres de l'extrêmité orientale du Golfe de Finlande et de la baie de la Neva. Études de la Neva, 5, 3–22.

    Filipjev, I.N. (1946) Nématodes libres du bassin polaire. Trudy Dreifuiushchaiae Ekspeditsiia Glavsevmorputi ne Ledokol’nom Parkhode “G. Sedov” 1937–1940, 3, 158–184.

    Fonseca, G. & Bezerra, T.N. (2014) Order Monhysterida. In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Eds.), Handbook of Zoology. De Gruyter, Hamburg, pp. 435−465.

    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110274257.435

    Fu, S.J., Cai, L.Z., Yang, J., Zhou, X.P., Peng, X. & Cao, J. (2012) Spatial and seasonal variations of subtidal free-living nematode assemblages in the northern Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92, 255–264.

    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315411001056

    Furstenberg, J.P. & Heyns, J. (1987) Cobbionema capense n. sp. from Swartkops estuary, Port Elizabeth (Nematoda: Selachinematidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 80–82.

    https://doi.org/10.1139/z87-012

    Gagarin, V.G. (2014) Two new species of free-living nematodes (Nematoda, Sphaerolaimidae) from mangroves of the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Amurian zoological journal, 4, 3–11.

    Gerlach, S.A. (1956) Brasilianische Meeresematoden I. Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico daUniversidade de São Paulo, 5, 3–69.

    https://doi.org/10.1590/S0373-55241954000100001

    Gerlach, S.A. (1964) Revision der Choniolaiminae und Selachinematinae (freilebende Meeres-Nematoden).Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut, 23–49.

    Gerlach, S.A. & Schrage, M. (1971) Life cycles in marine meiobenthos. Experiments at various temperatures with Monhystera disjuncta and Theristus pertenuis (Nematoda). Marine Biology, 9, 274–280.
    https://doi.org/10.1590/S0373-55241954000100001

    Gerlach, S.A. & Riemann, F. (1974) The Bremerhaven checklist of aquatic nematodes. A catalogue of Nematoda Adenophorea excluding the Dorylaimida. Part 2. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 4 (Supplement), 405–736.

    Giere, O., Windoffer, R. & Southward, E.C. (1995) The bacterial endosymbiosis of the gutless nematode, Astomonema southwardorum: ultrastructural aspects. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 75, 153–164.

    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400015265

    Gourbault, N. & Boucher, G. (1981) Nématodes abyssaux (Campagne Walda du N/O “Jean Charcot”) III. Une sous-famille et six espèces nouvelles de Sphaerolaimidae. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle de Paris, 4, 1035–1052.

    Gourbault, N. & Vincx, M. (1990) Two new species of brood protecting Desmodoridae (Nematoda) from Guadeloupe. Nematologica, 36, 131–143.
    https://doi.org/10.1163/002925990x00112

    Grzelak, K. & Kotwicki, L. (2016) Halomonohystera disjuncta, a young-carrying nematode first observed for the Baltic Sea in deep basins within chemical munitions disposal sites. Deep-Sea Research II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 128, 131–135.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.12.007

    Guilini, K., Bezerra, T.N., Deprez, T., Fonseca, G., Holovachov, O., Leduc, D., Miljutin, D., Moens, T., Sharma, J., Smol, N., Tchesunov, A., Mokievsky, V., Vanaverbeke, J., Vanreusel, A. & Vincx, M. (2016) NeMys: World Database of Free-Living Marine Nematodes. Available from: http://nemys.ugent.be (accessed 27 June 2016)

    Heip, C., Vincx, M. & Vranken, G. (1985) The ecology of marine nematodes. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review, 23, 399–489.

    Holovachov, O. & Sturhan, D. (2004) Two new species of the genus Aphanonchus Coomans & Raski 1991 (Nematoda: Aphanolaimidae) and a revised taxonomy of the genus. Nematology, 6, 357–373.
    https://doi.org/10.1163/1568541042360546

    Hopper, B.E. (1969) Marine nematodes of Canada. II. Marine nematodes from the Minas Basin-Scots Bay area of the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 47, 671–690.

    https://doi.org/10.1139/z69-114

    Hopper, B.E. (1972) Free-living marine nematodes from Biscayne Bay, Florida IV. Cyatholaimidae: On the occurrence of Marilynia n. gen. and Longicyatholaimus Micoletzky, 1924 in Biscayne Bay, with a description of L. longicaudatus (de Man, 1876) from the type locality. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 189, 64–88.

    Hopper, B.E. (1977) Marylynnia, a new name for Marylynia of Hopper, 1972. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 198, 139–140.

    Jensen, P. (1985) The nematode fauna in the sulphide-rich brine seep and adjacent bottoms of the East Flower Garden, NW Gulf of Mexico. I. Chromadorida. Zoologica Scripta, 14, 247–263.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1985.tb00195.x

    Jensen, P. (1987) Feeding ecology of free-living aquatic nematodes. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 35, 187–196.

    https://doi.org/10.3354/meps035187

    Jensen, P. (1992) Predatory nematodes from the deep-sea: description of species from the Norwegian Sea, diversity of feeding types and geographical distribution. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 33, 1–23.

    Keppner, E.J. (1988) Six new species of free-Living marine nematodes (Nematoda: Araeolaimida: Enoplida) from two estuaries in Northwest Florida, U.S.A. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 107, 79–95.
    https://doi.org/10.2307/3226410

    Leduc, D. (2013) Two new genera and five new species of Selachinematidae (Nematoda, Chromadorida) from the continental slope of New Zealand. European Journal of Taxonomy, 63, 1–32.

    https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2013.63

    Liu, X.S., Xu, M., Zhang, J.H., Liu, D. & Li, X. (2015) Community structure and biodiversity of free-living marine nematodes in the northern South China Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 34, 77–85.

    https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13131-014-0549-8

    Lorenzen, S. (1966) Diagnosen einiger freilebender Nematoden von der schleswig-holsteinischen Westküste. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, X, 31–48.

    Lorenzen, S. (1978) The system of Monhysteroidea (Nematoda) – A new approach. Zoologische Jahrbücher Systematik, 105, 515–536.

    McIntyre, A.D. & Warwick, R.M. (1984) Meiofauna techniques. In: Holme, N.A. & McIntyre, A.D. (Eds.), Methods for the study of marine benthos. Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 217–244.

    Micoletzky, H. (1922) Die freilebenden Erd-Nematoden mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Steiermark und der Bukowina, zugleich mit einer Revision sämtlicher, nicht mariner, freilebender Nematoden in Form von Genus-Beschreibungen und Bestimmungsschlusseln. Archiv für Naturgeschichte Berlin Abteilung A, 87, 1–649.

    Micoletzky, H. (1924) Letzter Bericht über freilebende Nematoden aus Suez. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematischen-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abteilung I, 133, 137–179.

    Miljutina, M.A. & Miljutin, D.M. (2015) A revision of the genus Paracanthonchus (Cyatholaimidae, Nematoda) with a tabular key to species and a description of P. mamubiae sp. n. from the deep North-Western Pacific. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 111, 104–118.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.08.002

    Murphy, D.G. (1964) The marine nematode genus Pseudonchus Cobb, 1920 with descriptions of Cheilopseudonchus, n. g. and Pseudonchus kosswigi, n. sp. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum and Institut, 1964, 113–118.

    Neres, P.F., Fonseca-Genevois, V.G., Torres, R.A., Cavalcanti, M.F., Castro, F.J.V., Silva, N.R.R., Rieger, T.T. & Decraemer, W. (2010) Morphological and molecular taxonomy of a new Daptonema (Nematoda, Xyalidae) with comments on the systematics of some related taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 158, 1–15.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00528.x

    Örley, L. (1880) Az anguillulidak maganrajza. A kir. m. termeszettudom. tarsulat altal a bugatdijjal jutalmazott palyamu. Termeszettudom Fuzeetek, 4, 16–150.

    Ostrovsky, A.N., Lidgard, S., Gordon, D.P., Schwaha, T., Genikhovich, G. & Ereskovsky, A.V. (2016) Matrotrophy and placentation in invertebrates: a new paradigm. Biological Reviews, 91, 673–711.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12189

    Ott, J., Bright, M. & Bulgheresi, S. (2004) Symbioses between marine nematodes and sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria. Symbiosis, 36, 103–126.

    Schulz, E. (1932) Beiträge zur Kenntnis mariner Nematoden aus der Kieler Bucht. Zoologische Jahrbuecher Jena Systematik, 62, 331–430.

    Schuurmans-Stekhoven, J.H. & Adam, W. (1931) The freeliving marine nemas of the Belgian coast. Mémoires du Musée royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique, 49, 1–58.

    Sharma, J. & Vincx, M. (1982) Cyatholaimidae (Nematoda) from the Canadian Pacific coast. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 271–280.

    https://doi.org/10.1139/z82-036

    Steyaert, M., Moodley, L., Nadong, T., Moens, T., Soetaert, K. & Vincx, M. (2007) Responses of intertidal nematodes to short-term anoxic events. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 345, 175–184.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2007.03.001

    Surey-Gent, S.C. (1981) Distribution of Anoplostoma viviparum (Nematoda) in Southampton water sediments. Marine Biology, 62, 157–160.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00388178

    Tchesunov, A.V. & Okhlopkov, J.R. (2006) On some Selachinematid nematodes (Chromadorida: Selachinematidae) deposited in the collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Nematology, 8, 21–44.

    https://doi.org/ 10.1163/156854106776179890

    Tchesunov, A.V. & Vu Thanh, N. (2010) A description of Anoplostoma nhatrangensis sp. n. from mangrove habitats of Nha Trang, Central Vietnam, with a review of the genus Anoplostoma Bütschli, 1874 (Nematoda: Enoplida). Invertebrate Zoology, 7, 93–105.

    Tchesunov, A.V., Portnova, D.A. & Van Campenhout, J. (2015) Description of two free-living nematode species of Halomonhystera disjuncta complex (Nematoda: Monhysterida) from two peculiar habitats in the sea. Helgoland Marine Research, 69, 57–85.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-014-0416-1

    Thiermann, F., Vismann, B. & Giere, O. (2000) Sulphide tolerance of the marine nematode Oncholaimus campylocercoides-A result of internal sulphur formation? Marine Ecology Progress Series, 193, 251–259.

    https://doi.org/10.3354/meps193251

    Timm, R.W. (1961) The marine nematodes of the Bay of Bengal. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 1, 25–88.

    Van Campenhout, J., Derycke, S., Moens, T. & Vanreusel, A. (2014a) Differences in life-histories refute ecological equivalence of cryptic species and provide clues to the origin of bathyal Halomonhystera (Nematoda). PloS ONE, 9, e111889.

    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111889

    Van Campenhout, J., Derycke, S., Tchesunov, A., Portnova, D. & Vanreusel, A. (2014b) The Halomonhystera disjuncta population is homogeneous across the Håkon Mosby mud volcano (Barents Sea) but is genetically differentiated from its shallow-water relatives. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 52, 203–216.

    https://doi.org/ 10.1111/jzs.12054

    Van Gaever, S., Moodley, L., De Beer, D. & Vanreusel, A. (2006) Meiobenthos at the Arctic Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano, with a parental-caring nematode thriving in sulphide-rich sediments. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 321, 143–155.

    https://doi.org/10.3354/meps321143

    Van Gaever, S., Olu, K., Derycke, S. & Vanreusel, A. (2009) Metazoan meiofaunal communities at cold seeps along the Norwegian margin: Influence of habitat heterogeneity and evidence for connection with shallow-water habitats. Deep Sea Research Part I, 56, 772–785.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.12.015

    Vincx, M., Sharma, J. & Smol, N. (1982) On the identity and nomenclature of Paracanthonchus caecus (Bastian, 1865), with a redefinition of the genus Paracanthonchus Micoletzky (Nematoda, Cyatholaimidae). Zoologica Scripta, 11, 243–263.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1982.tb00537.x

    Warwick, R.M., Platt, H.M. & Somerfield, P.J. (1998) Free-living marine nematodes. Part III. Monhysterids. Synopses of the British Fauna. New Series. No. 53. Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, 296 pp.

    Welch, P.S. & Wehrle, L.P. (1918) Observations on reproduction in certain parthenogenetic and bisexual nematodes reared in artificial media. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 37, 141–176.
    https://doi.org/10.2307/3221742

    Wieser, W. (1954) Free-living marine nematodes II. Chromadoroidea. Acta Universitatis Lundensis, N.F. 2, 50, 1–148.

    Wieser, W. & Hopper, B. (1967) Marine nematodes of the north east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 135, 239–344.

    Zograf, J.K., Pavlyuk, O.N., Trebukhova, Y.A. & Tu, N.D. (2017) Revision of the genus Parasphaerolaimus (Nematoda: Sphaerolaimidae) with description of new species. Zootaxa, 4232 (1), 58–70.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4232.1.4