Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 35 No. 1: 15 Dec. 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-12-15
DOI: 10.11646/bionomina.35.1.3
Page range: 20-50
Abstract views: 132
PDF downloaded: 1

Etymology of nomina of Amphibians and Reptiles of the French Antilles

Association RACINE; 5 allée des Cygnes; 35750 Saint-Maugan; France
Amphibia Etymology French Antilles French West Indies Anura Chelonii Squamata Dryophytes squirella Iguana rhinolophus Pholidoscelis cineraceus Pholidoscelis plei analifer

Abstract

We provide a catalogue of 41 genus substantives and 110 species or subspecies epithets of amphibians and reptiles of the French Antilles, with presentation of some nomenclatural consequences that result from our observations, especially for Dryophytes squirella, Iguana rhinolophus, Pholidoscelis cineraceus and Pholidoscelis plei analifer. In order to solve some nomenclatural cases, we had to resort to 9 Articles of the Code (11.3, 28, 30.1.3, 30.1.4.2, 31.2.3, 33.3.1, 51.3, 51.3.1, 58) and to 21 technical nomenclatural terms. Once again, this highlights the fact that nomenclatural problems concerning ancient nomina cannot be properly dealt with in a hurry and without a good, but also critical, knowledge of the Code, and that the use of a more detailed terminology than that of the Code facilitates such a work.

References

  1. Anonymous [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. ‘Fourth edition’. London (International Trust for zoological Nomenclature): i–xxix + 1–306.
  2. Anonymous (2002) Lexique des règles typographiques en usage à l’Imprimerie nationale. Paris (Imprimerie nationale): 1–197.
  3. Agassiz, L. (1857) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. First monograph in three parts. – I. Essay on Classification. – II. North American Testudinata. – III. Embryology of the turtles; with thirty-four plates. Vol. 1. Boston (Little, Brown and Co.): i–li + 1–452d. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12644>.
  4. Angin, B., Questel, K., Sculfort, O., Courtois, E. A., Massary, J.-C., Frétey, T. & Dewynter, M. (2023) Les Amphibiens et les Reptiles de la Guadeloupe: identification, répartition et bibliographie. Herp me!, 9: in press.
  5. Barbour, T. (1914) A contribution to the zoögeography of the West Indies, with especial reference to amphibians and reptiles. Memoirs of the Museum of comparative Zoölogy, 44 (2): 205–359, 1 pl. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49187>.
  6. Barbour, T. (1915) Recent notes regarding West Indian Reptiles and Amphibians. Proceedings of the biological Society of Washington, 28: 71–78.
  7. Barbour, T. & Noble, G. K. (1915) A revision of the lizards of the genus Ameiva. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology, 59 (6): 417–479.
  8. Bernal, R. & Dubois, A. (2023) Chironius scurrula, the correct nomen for Chironius scurrulus (Squamata, Serpentes, Colubridae), with a list of the correct spellings of specific epithets currently in use in this genus. Bionomina, 34: 35–44. <https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.34.1.3>.
  9. Blainville, H. de (1816) Prodrome d’une nouvelle distribution systématique du règne animal. Bulletin des Sciences de la Société philomatique de Paris, juillet 1816: ‘105–112’ [113–120] + 121–124.
  10. Bocourt, [M.-F.] (1879, 1881) see Duméril et al. (1870–1909).
  11. Bochaton, C. & Bailon, S. (2018) A new fossil species of Boa Linnaeus, 1758 (Squamata, Boidae), from the Pleistocene of Marie-Galante Island (French West Indies). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 38 [e1462829]: 1–14. <https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1462829>.
  12. Bochaton, C., Boistel, R., Grouard, S., Ineich, I., Tresset, A. & Bailon, S. (2019) Evolution, diversity and interactions with past human populations of recently extinct Pholidoscelis lizards (Squamata: Teiidae) from the Guadeloupe Islands (French West-Indies). History Biology, 31 (2): 140–156. <https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2017.1343824>.
  13. Bochaton, C., Charles, L. & Lenoble, A. (2021) Historical and fossil evidence of an extinct endemic species of Leiocephalus (Squamata: Leiocephalidae) from the Guadeloupe Islands. Zootaxa, 4927 (3): 383–409. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4927.3.4>.
  14. Boie, F. (1826) Generalübersicht der Familien und Gattungen der Ophidier. Isis von Oken, 19 (10): 981–982.
  15. Boulenger, G. A. (1891) On Reptiles, Batrachians, and Fishes from the Lesser West Indies. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1891: 351–357. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1891.tb01759.x>.
  16. Breuil, M. (1999) Nouvelle espèce du genre Typhlops, (Serpentes, Typhlopidae) de l’île de Saint-Barthélémy, comparaison avec les autres espèces des Petites Antilles. Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon, 68 (2): 30–40. <https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1999.11263>.
  17. Breuil, M. (2013) Composition et endémisme de l’herpétofaune martiniquaise: histoire géologique et différenciation intra-insulaire du sphérodactyle (Sphaerodactylus vincenti). In: J.-L. Vernier & M. Burac, Biodiversité insulaire: la flore, la faune et l’homme dans les Petites Antilles, Schoelcher (DEAL de la Martinique & Université des Antilles et de la Guyane): 116–129.
  18. Brongersma, L. D. (1942) On two Rhacophorus species mentioned by Kuhl & Van Hasselt. Archives néerlandaises de Zoologie, 6 (4): 341–346. <https://doi.org/10.1163/036551642X00107>.
  19. Brongniart, A. (1800a) Essai d’une classification naturelle des reptiles. Iere. Partie. Établissement des ordres. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société philomatique de Paris, 2 (35): 81–82.
  20. Brongniart, A. (1800b) Essai d’une classification naturelle des Reptiles. IIe partie. Formation et disposition des genres. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société philomatique, 2 (36): 89–91, pl. 6.
  21. Cochran, D. M. (1938) Reptiles and Amphibians from the Lesser Antilles collected by Dr. S. T. Danforth. Proceedings of the biological Society of Washington, 51: 147–156.
  22. Cope, E. D. (1861) Notes and descriptions of anoles. Proceedings of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 13: 208–215.
  23. Cope, E. D. (1862) On some new and little known American Anura. Proceedings of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 14: 151–159.
  24. Cope, E. D. (1864) Contributions to the herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 16: 166–181.
  25. Cope, E. D. (1869a) Sixth contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, ‘1868’, 20: 305–312.
  26. Cope, E. D. (1869b) Seventh contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings of the American philosophical Society, 11: 147–169.
  27. Cope, E. D. (1879) Eleventh contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings of the American philosophical Society, 18: 261–277.
  28. Cuvier, G. (1816) Le règne animal distribué d’après son organisation, pour servir de base à l’histoire naturelle des animaux et d’introduction à l’anatomie comparée. Tome 2, contenant les reptiles, les poissons, les mollusques et les annélides. Paris (Déterville), ‘1817’: i–xviii + 1–532.
  29. Cuvier, [G.] & Voigt, F. S. (1832) Das Thierreich, geordnet nach seiner Organisation. Als Grundlage der Naturgeschichte der Thiere und Einleitung in die vergleichende Anatomie. Nach der zweiten Ausgabe übersetzt und durch Zusätze erweitert. Leipzig, (Brockhaus), 2: i–xvi + 1–539. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.39933>.
  30. Daudin, F. M. (1800) Histoire naturelle des Quadrupèdes ovipares. Paris (Fuchs, Delalain fils): [1–24], 12 pl.
  31. Daudin, F. M. (1802) Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, des Reptiles. Volume 4. Paris (F. Dufart): 1–387, pl. 46–58.
  32. Daudin, F. M. (1803) Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, des Reptiles. Volume 7. Paris (F. Dufart): 1–436, pl. 81–92.
  33. Dewynter, M., Angin, B., Questel, K., Sculfort, O., Courtois, E. A. & Frétey, T. (2023a) Les amphibiens et les reptiles de la Martinique: identification, répartition et bibliographie. Herp me!, 7: 1–70.
  34. Dewynter, M., Angin, B., Questel, K., Sculfort, O., Yokoyama, M., Courtois, E. A. & Frétey, T. (2023b) Les amphibiens et les reptiles de Saint-Martin: identification, répartition et bibliographie. Herp me!, 8: 1–65.
  35. Dubois, A. (2000) Synonymies and related lists in zoology: general proposals, with examples in herpetology. Dumerilia, 4 (2): 33–98.
  36. Dubois, A. (2005) Proposed Rules for the incorporation of nomina of higher-ranked zoological taxa in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 1. Some general questions, concepts and terms of biological nomenclature. Zoosystema, 27 (2): 365–426. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1337.1.1>.
  37. Dubois, A. (2010) Retroactive changes should be introduced in the Code only with great care: problems related to the spellings of nomina. Zootaxa, 2426: 1–42. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2426.1.1>.
  38. Dubois, A. (2013) Zygoidy, a new nomenclatural concept. Bionomina, 6: 1–25. <https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.6.1.1>.
  39. Dubois, A. & Aescht, E. (ed.) (2019a) LZC Session 24. Subtelties of homonymy in zoological nomenclature. Dumerilia, 8: 66‒84.
  40. Dubois, A. & Aescht, E. (ed.) (2019b) LZC Session 32. The Principles of the Zoocode. 14. The Principle of Nomography. Dumerilia, 8: 119–132.
  41. Dubois, A., Frétey, T., Lorvelec, O. & Ohler, A. (2021) The nomenclatural status of the amphibian and reptile nomina introduced by La Cepède in his Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupèdes Ovipares et des Serpens, with comments on various questions of zoological nomenclature. Bionomina, 23: 1–180. <https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.23.1.1>.
  42. Duellman, W. E., Marion, A. B. & Hedges, S. B. (2016) Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae). Zootaxa, 4104: 1–109. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1>.
  43. Duméril, A. [H. A.], Bocourt, [M.-F.] & Mocquard [F.] (1870–1909) Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique centrale. Étude sur les Reptiles. In: H. Milne-Edward & L. Vaillant (ed.), Recherche zoologique pour servir à l’histoire de la faune de l’Amérique centrale et du Mexique, Part. 3, Sect. 1, Paris (Imprimerie nationale): i–xiv+1–1012, map. [See page viii for publication date and authors of the different parts].
  44. Duméril, A. M. C. (1805) Zoologie analytique, ou méthode naturelle de classification des animaux, rendue plus facile à l’aide de tableaux synoptiques. Paris (Allais), ‘1806’: i–xxxiii + 1–544. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44835>.
  45. Duméril, A. M. C. & Bibron, G. (1836) Erpétologie générale ou Histoire naturelle des Reptiles. Paris (Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret), 3: i–iv + 1–517.
  46. Duméril, A. M. C. & Bibron, G. (1837) Erpétologie générale ou Histoire naturelle des Reptiles. Paris (Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret), 4: i–ii + 1–571, Errata.
  47. Duméril, A. M. C. & Bibron, G. (1839) Erpétologie générale ou Histoire naturelle des Reptiles. Paris (Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret), 5: i–viii + 1–854.
  48. Duméril, A. M. C. & Bibron, G. (1841) Erpétologie générale ou Histoire naturelle des Reptiles. Paris (Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret), 8: i–ii + 1–792.
  49. Eschscholtz, F. (1829) Beschreibungen dreier neuer Meerschildkröten. Die Quatember Zeitschrift, 1 (1): 10–18.
  50. Fitzinger, L. (1826) Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren natürlischen Verwandtschaften nebst einer Verwandtschafts-Tafel und einem Verzeichnisse der Reptilien-Sammlung des k. k. zoologisch Museum’s zu Wien. Wien (J. G. Huebner): i–viii + 1–66, 1 tab. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4683>.
  51. Fitzinger, L. (1835) Entwurf einer systematischen Anordnung der Schildkröten nach den Grundsatzen der naturlichen Methode. Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte, 1, ‘1836’: 103–128.
  52. Fitzinger, L. I. (1843) Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus 1. Amblyglossae. Vindobonae (Braumüller & Seidel): 1–106 + i–ix. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4694>.
  53. Frétey, T. (2019) Capitalised epithets in the works of Linnaeus (1758‒1767): findings and consequences in herpetology. Bionomina, 16: 22–45. <https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.16.1.2>.
  54. Garman, S. (1887) On West Indian Reptiles. Iguanidae. Bulletin of the Essex Institute, 19 (1–3): 25–50.
  55. Goldfuss, G. A. (1820) Handbuch der Zoologie. Dritter Theil, zweite Abtheilung. Nürnberg (Johann Leonhard Schrag): i–xxiv + 1–512, pl. 3–4.
  56. Grant, C. (1958) A new Gymnophthalmus (Reptilia, Teiidae) from Barbados, B.W.I. Herpetologica, 14: 227–228.
  57. Gray, J. E. (1827) A description of new genus and some new species of saurian Reptiles; with a revision of the species of chamaeleons. The philosophical Magazine and Annals of Philosophy, (2), 2 (9): 207–214. <https://doi.org/10.1080/14786442708675648>.
  58. Gray, [J. E.] (1834) Specimens were exhibited of several Reptiles, which were accompanied by notes. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1834 (2): 99–101.
  59. Hedges, S. B. (2022) A new species of frog from the Caribbean island of Montserrat (Eleutherodactylidae, Eleutherodactylus). Zootaxa, 5219: 375–387. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.4.5>.
  60. Hedges S. B. & Conn C. E. (2012) A new skink fauna from Caribbean islands (Squamata, Mabuyidae, Mabuyinae). Zootaxa, 3288: 1–244. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3288.1.1>.
  61. Hedges, S. B., Lorvelec, O., Barré, N., Berchel, J., Diard Combot, M., Vidal, N. & Pavis, C. (2016) A new species of skink from the Guadeloupe Archipelago (Squamata, Mabuyidae, Mabuya). Caribbean Herpetology, 53: 1–14. <https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.53>.
  62. Hedges, S. B., Marion, A. B., Lipp, K. M., Marin, J. & Vidal, N. (2014) A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology, 49: 1–61. <https://doi.org/10.31611/ch.49>.
  63. Houttuyn, M. (1782) Het onderscheid der salamanderen van de haagdissen in ’t algemeen, en van de gekkoos in ’t byzonder aangetoond. Verhandelingen uitgegeven door het Zeeuwsch Genootschap der Wetenschappen te Vlissingen, 9: 305–336, 1 pl.
  64. Jan, G. (1861) Note sulla famiglia dei tiflopidi sui loro generi e sulle specie del genere Stenostoma relative alle tav. V e VI del 1.° ed alle tav. V e VI dell 2.° fascicolo dell’Iconographie générale des Ophidiens. Archivio per la Zoologia, l’Anatomia, e la Fisiologia, Genova, 1 (2): 178–199.
  65. Kaiser, H., Coloma, L. A. & Gray, H. M. (1994) A new species of Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Martinique, French Antilles. Herpetologica, 50 (1): 23–32.
  66. King, W. (1962) Systematics of Lesser Antillean Lizards of the genus Sphaerodactylus. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, (Biological sciences), 7 (1): 1–52.
  67. Köhler, G. & Vesely, M. (2011) A new species of Thecadactylus from Sint Maarten, Lesser Antilles (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae). ZooKeys, 118: 97–107. <https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.118.1476>.
  68. La Cepède, [B.-G.-É. de la Ville] de (1788a) Histoire naturelle des quadrupèdes ovipares et des serpens. [In-quarto]. Tome 1. Paris (Hôtel de Thou): [i–v]+ 6–17 + 1–651, pl. 1–41, 2 tab.
  69. La Cépède, [B.-G.-É. de la Ville] de (1789) Histoire naturelle des serpens. [In-quarto]. Tome 2. Paris (Hôtel de Thou): [i] + 1–8 + 1–19 + [i] + 1–144 + 1–527, pl. 1–22.
  70. Laurenti, J. N. (1768) Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin Reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota Reptilium austriacorum. Viennae (Joan. Thom. Nob. de Trattnern): i–ii + 1–215, pl. 1–5. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5108>.
  71. Lazell, J. D. (1964) The anoles (Sauria, Iguanidae) of the Guadeloupéen Archipelago. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology, 131 (11): 359–401.
  72. Lazell, J. D. (1972) The anoles (Sauria, Iguanidae) of the Lesser Antilles. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology, 143 (1): 1–115.
  73. Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus 1. Holmiae (Laurentii Salvii): [i–iv] + 1–824. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542>.
  74. Linné, C. a (1766) Systema Naturae. Editio duodecima, reformata. Holmiae (Laurentii Salvii), 1 (1): 1–532.
  75. Lynch, J. D. (1965) A new species of Eleutherodactylus from Guadeloupe, West Indies. Breviora, 220: 1–7.
  76. Martof, B. S. (1975) Hyla squirella. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 168: 1–2.
  77. Merrem, B. (1820) Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Tentamen systematis Amphibiorum. Marburg (Iohann Christian Krieger): [i–xv + 1–191] × 2, 1 pl. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5037>.
  78. Moreau de Jonnès, A. (1818) Monographie du mabouia des murailles, ou Gecko Mabouia des Antilles. Bulletin des Sciences par la Société philomatique de Paris, 1818: 138–139.
  79. Oken, L. (1832) Versuch einer methodischen Eintheilung der Wirbelthiere von C. L. Bonaparte. Isis von Oken, 1832: 283–320.
  80. Parker, H. W. (1936) Some extinct snakes of the West Indies. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (10), 18: 227–233. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933608655187>.
  81. Pline l’Ancien [Pliny the Elder] & Littré, É. (1877) Histoire naturelle de Pline avec la traduction en français. Paris (Firmin-Didot): 1: i–xvii + 1–742; 2: 1–708.
  82. Questel, K., Angin, B., Sculfort, O., Courtois, E. A., Frétey, T. & Dewynter, M. (2023) Les Amphibiens et les Reptiles de Saint-Barthélemy: identification, répartition et bibliographie. Herp me!, 6: 1–65.
  83. Rafinesque, C. S. (1814) Prodrono [sic] di erpetologia siciliana. Specchio delle Scienze o giornale Enciclopedico di Sicilia, 2 (9): 65–67.
  84. Richmond, N. D. (1966) The blind snakes, Typhlops, of Guadeloupe and Dominica with the description of a new species. Herpetologica, 22 (2): 129–132.
  85. Schlegel, H. (1837) Essai sur la physionomie des serpens. Partie descriptive. Amsterdam (Schonekat), 2: 1–606 + i–xv + errata. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4273>.
  86. Schlegel, H. (1837–1844) Abbildungen neuer oder unvollständig bekannter Amphibien, nach der Natur oder dem Leben entworfen herausgegeben und mit einem erläuternden Texte begleitet. Düsseldorf (Arnz & Comp): i–xiv + 1–141, 50 pl. [Publication dates 1837: 1–32, pl. 1–10; 1839: 33–80, pl. 11–20; 1839 or 1840: pl. 21–30; 1840: pl. 31–40; 1844: i–xiv + 81–141, pl. 41–50 according to Brongersma (1942)]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.95393>.
  87. Schmidt, K. P. (1928) Amphibians and land reptiles of Porto Rico, with a list of those reported from the Virgin Islands. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 10 (1): 1–160, pl. 1–4.
  88. Schoepff, I. D. (1792) Historia Testudinum iconibus illustrata. Erlangae (Ioannis Iacobi Palm): 1–32, pl. 1–10.
  89. Schwartz, A. (1964) A review of Sphaerodactylus vincenti on the southern Windward Islands. Caribbean Journal of Science, 4 (2–3): 391–409.
  90. Schwartz, A. (1967) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in the Lesser Antilles. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other caribbean Islands, 24 (91): 1–62.
  91. Schweigger, [A. F.] (1812) Prodromus monographiae Cheloniorum. Königsberger Archiv für Naturwissenschaft und Mathematik, 1: 271–368 + 406–458.
  92. Simpson, G. G. (1940) Types in modern taxonomy. American Journal of Science, 238: 413–431. <https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.238.6.413>.
  93. Smith, H. M. & Pérez-Higareda, G. (1986) Nomenclatural nameforms. Systematic Zoology, 35: 421–422. <https://doi.org/10.2307/2413392>.
  94. Sparrman, A. (1786) Lacerta sputator und Lacerta bimaculata, zwen neue Eideren aus Amerika, Der Königlich Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 5: 166–169 + 173–174, pl. 4.
  95. Spix, J. B. de (1824a) Serpentum brasiliensium species novae ou Histoire naturelle des espèces nouvelles de serpens, recueillies et observées pendant le voyage dans l’intérieur du Brésil dans les années 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, exécuté par ordre de sa majesté le roi de Bavière, publiée par Jean de Spix. Monachii (Hübschmann): i–viii + 1–77, pl. 1–26. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4269>.
  96. Spix, J. B. de (1824b) Animalia nova sive species novae Testudinum et Ranarum quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII–MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I Bavariae Regis suscepto collegit et descripsit Dr. J. B. de Spix. Monachii (Hübschmann): i–iii + 1–53, pl. 1–22. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5117>.
  97. Thomas, R. (1964) The races of Sphaerodactylus fantasticus Dumeril & Bibron in the Lesser Antilles. Caribbean Journal of Science, 4 (2–3): 373–390.
  98. Tschudi, J. J. (1838) Classification der Batrachier, mit Berücksichtigung der fossilen Thiere dieser Abtheilung der Reptilien. Neuchâtel (Petitpierre): 1–98, pl. 1–6 + [i–ii]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4883>.
  99. Tucker, D. B. (2016) Molecular studies of South American Teiid lizards (Teiidae: Squamata) from deep time to shallow divergences. Thesis Provo (Brigham Young University): 1–123.
  100. Vandellius, D. (1761) Epistola de Holothurio, et Testudine coriacea ad celeberrimum Carolum Linnaeum equitem naturae curiosum dioscorcidem II. Patavii (Conzatti): 1–12, pl. 1–2.
  101. Wagler, J. (1830) Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Säugethiere und Vögel. München, Stuttgart & Tübingen (Cotta): i–vi + 1–354, 2 pl. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.108661>.
  102. Wied, M. (1839) Reise in das innere Nörd-America inden Jahren 1832 bis 1834. Coblenz (Hœlscher), 1: i–xvi + 1–653. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51529>.
  103. Wiegmann, A. F. A. (1834a) Amphibien. In: F. J. F. Meyen (ed.), Reise um die Erde ausgeführt auf dem Königlich Preussischen Seehandlungs-Schiffe Prinzess Louise, commandiert von Captain W. Wendt, in den Jahren 1830, 1831 und 1832, Dritter Theil, Zoologisher Bericht, Berlin (Sanderschen Buchhandlung, C. W. Eichhoff): 433–522.
  104. Wiegmann, A. F. A. (1834b) Herpetologia mexicana, seu Descriptio amphibiorum Novae Hispaniae, quae itineribus comitis de Sack, Ferdinandi Deppe et Chr. Guil. Schiede in Museum Zoologicum Berolinense pervenerunt. Pars prima Saurorum species amplectens, adiecto systematis saurorum prodromo, additisque multis in hunc amphibiorum ordinem observationibus. Berolini (C. G. Lüderitz): i–vi + 1–54, pl. 1–10. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119131>.
  105. Zimmermann, H. & Zimmermann, E. (1988) Etho-Taxonomie und zoogeographische Artengruppenbildung bei Pfeilgiftfroschen (Anura: Dendrobatidae). Salamandra, 24 (2–3): 125–160.