Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 40 No. 1: 30 Dec. 2024
Type: Monograph
Published: 2024-12-30
DOI: 10.11646/bionomina.40.1.1
Page range: 1-116
Abstract views: 126
PDF downloaded: 5

Etymology of the nomina of chelonians of the world.1. Genus-series nomina

Association RACINE; 5 allée des Cygnes; 35750 Saint-Maugan; France
Etymology chelonians nomina

Abstract

We provide a catalogue of the genus-series nomina of chelonians of the world, including all (343) extant and extinct genera or subgenera since the Holocene (present geological epoch, beginning about 12,000 years ago), currently recognized as valid (107) or not (236).

In order to solve some nomenclatural cases, we had to resort to 29 Articles of the Code (8.1.3, 8.4.2.2, 9.12, 11.6.1, 11.8, 11.10, 23.9, 23.9.1.1, 23.9.1.2, 23.9.2, 24.1, 28, 29.3, 29.3.1.1, 29.4, 30.1.1, 30.1.2, 30.1.3, 30.1.4.2, 30.1.4.3, 30.1.4.4, 30.1.4.5, 30.2.2, 30.2.3, 30.2.4, 32.5.2.1, 56.2, 67.8 and 67.13) and to 63 technical nomenclatural terms.

Some nomenclatural consequences result from our observations: [1] we fix onomatophores (by subsequent designation) for 15 genera in order to place them in synonymies; [2] we validate two nomina of genera (Chrysemys Gray, 1844 and † Hesperotestudo Williams, 1950) and one of species (Emys kachuga Gray, 1831) as mnemokyronyms (nomina protecta) by showing that their older synonyms should be considered as lethakyronyms (nomina oblita); [3] we act as first reviser by choosing Parapelodiscus Hoser, 2021 as lectoprotograph; [4] the genus Chelonemys Gray, 1864 is a synonym of Peltocephalus Duméril & Bibron, 1835, not of Podocnemis Wagler, 1830 as usually indicated; [5] the family-series nomen Rhinoclemmydinae Gray, 1873 must be corrected into Rhinoclemmyinae Gray, 1873; [6] the nomen Testudo muhlenbergii Schoepff, 1801 (currently Glyptemys muhlenbergii) must be corrected into Testudo muehlenbergii Schoepff, 1801 (now Glyptemys muehlenbergii); [7] under a rigorous application of the Code, the subgenus nomen Supremechelys Hoser, 2014 should take precedence over Chelydera Thomson & Georges in Shea, Thomson & Georges, 2020, but this is controversial; [8] we remind that, without a decision of the Commission, two nomina (Trachemys Agassiz, 1857 and Trionyx Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809) are threatened, as the first subsequent designations of their type species result in these nomina applying to taxa very different from those which are currently recognized. Finally, the search for distribution dates of publications led us to correct the dates of promulgation of several genus-series nomina.

References

  1. Anonymous (1840) Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. Forty-second edition. London (G. Woodfall): [i–iii] + 1–370. [Published after 16 October 1840; see pages 152, 194, 370].
  2. Anonymous (1887) Errata. Vol. 1 (second series). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of the New South Wales, (2), 1 (4): [viii]. [Published on 22 February 1887; see cover of issue 4].
  3. Anonymous (1922) Opinion 72. Herrera’s zoological formulae. Smithsonian miscellaneous Collections, 73 (1): 19–22. <https://doi.org/10.5962/p.388603>.
  4. Anonymous [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1926) Opinion 92. Sixteen generic names of Pisces, Amphibia, and Reptilia placed in the Official List of Generic Names. In: Opinions rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, Opinions 91 to 97, Smithsonian miscellaneous Collections, 73 (4): 3–4. [Published on 8 October 1926].
  5. Anonymous (1933) Band adopts new mascot on journey to contest. The Elmhurst Advance, 2 (9): 1. [Published on 12 May 1933].
  6. Anonymous (1971) Editor’note. In: J. E. Gray’s the Zoological Miscellany with an introduction by Arnold G. Kluge, Athens (Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles): ii.
  7. Anonymous (1973) Sumario. Revista de la Academia Colombiana, 14 (54): cover. [Published in December 1973].
  8. Anonymous (1985) Opinion 1309. Geoemyda Gray, 1834, and Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger, 1835 (Reptilia, Testudines): conserved. Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 42 (2): 152–153. [Published on 27 June 1985].
  9. Anonymous [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1989) Opinion 1534. Sternotherus Gray, 1825 and Pelusios Wagler, 1830 (Reptilia, Testudines): conserved. Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 46 (1): 81–82.
  10. Anonymous [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1995) Opinion 1800. Emys Duméril, 1806 (Reptilia, Testudines): conserved. Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 52 (1): 111–112.
  11. Anonymous [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. ‘Fourth edition’. London (International Trust for zoological Nomenclature): i–xxix +1–306.
  12. Anonymous [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (2003) Declaration 44. Amendment of Article 74.7.3. Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 60 (4): 263.
  13. Anonymous [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (2012) Amendment of Articles 8, 9, 10, 21 and 78 of the International Code of Zoological nomenclature to expand and refine methods of publication. Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 69 (3): 161–169. <https://doi.org/10.21805/bzn.v69i3.a8.161>.
  14. Anonymous [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (2013) Opinion 2316 (Case 3463) Testudo gigantea Schweigger, 1812 (currently Geochelone (Aldabrachelys) gigantea; Reptilia, Testudines): usage of the specific name conserved by maintenance of a designated neotype, and suppression of Testudo dussumieri Gray, 1831 (currently Dipsochelys dussumieri). Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 70 (1): 61–65. <https://doi.org/10.21805/bzn.v70i1.a13>.
  15. Anonymous [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (2021) Opinion 2468 (Case 3601) – Spracklandus Hoser, 2009 (Reptilia, Serpentes, Elapidae) and Australasian Journal of Herpetology issues 1–24: confirmation of availability declined; Appendix A (Code of Ethics): not adopted as a formal criterion for ruling on Cases. Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 78 (1): 42–45. <https://doi.org/10.21805/bzn.v78.a012>.
  16. Acton, R. T., Weinheimer, P. F., Shelton, E., Niedermeier, W. & Bennett, J. C. (1972) Phylogeny of immunoglobulins – purification and physico-chemical characterization of the immune macroglobulin from the turtle, Pseudemus seripta [sic]. Immunochemistry, 9: 421–433. <https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-2791(72)90312-6>.
  17. Adams, H. (1867) List of land and freshwater shells collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the Upper Amazons, and on the River Ucayali, Eastern Peru, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1866: 440–451, pl. 38. [Published in April 1867].
  18. Agassiz, L. (1844) Nomina systematica generum Reptilium, tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita, adjectis auctoribus, libris in quibus reperiuntur, anno editionis, etymologia et familiis, ad quas pertinent. Soloduri (Jent & Gassmann): i–vii + 1–48. [For publication date see Bowley & Smith (1968)]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49073>.
  19. Agassiz, L. (1847) Nomenclatoris zoologici. Index universalis continens nomina systematica classium, ordinum, familiarum et generum animalium omnium, tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymiis plantarum, nec non variis adnotationibus et emendationibus. Soloduri (Jent & Gassmann), ‘1846’: i–viii + 1–393. [For publication date see Bowley & Smith (1968) and Kevan (1970)]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1819>.
  20. Agassiz, L. (1857a) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Boston (Little, Brown and Company), 1: i–li + 1–452d. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12644>.
  21. Agassiz, L. (1857b) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Boston (Little, Brown and Company), 2: [i–ii] + 449–643, 34 pl. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12644>.
  22. Alvarez del Toro, M. (1973) Los Reptiles de Chiapas. Second edition. Tuxtla Gutierrez (Gobierno del Estado de Chiapas): 1–179. [Not seen].
  23. Antenbrinck-Vetter, S. & Vetter, H. (1998) Neuer name fûr altbekannte Schildkröten, 1998 (2): 3–5.
  24. Aron, M. & Grassé, P. (1947) Précis de biologie animale. Paris (Masson): i–viii + 1–1235.
  25. Auffenberg, W. (1963) Fossil testudinine turtles of Florida, genera Geochelone and Floridemys. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, (Biological Sciences), 7 (2): 53–97. <https://doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.fhcq4939>.
  26. Auffenberg, W. (1967) Notes on West Indian Tortoises. Herpetologica, 23 (1): 34–44. [Published on 31 March 1967]. <https://doi.org/10.2307/1442120>.
  27. Auffenberg, W. & Franz, R. (1978) Gopherus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 211: 1–2.
  28. Avanzi, M. & Millefanti, M. (2006) Le grand livre des tortues terrestres et aquatiques. Paris (De Vecchi S. A.): 1–221.
  29. Bailly, A. (1994) Dictionnaire Grec-Français. Paris (Hachette): i–xxxii + 1–2230.
  30. Baird, S. F. & Girard, C. (1852) Descriptions of new species of reptiles collected by the U. S. Exploring Expedition under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Proceedings of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 6 (5): 174–177. [Published on 31 December 1852 according to Nolan (1913: xi)].
  31. Baker, S. W. (1867) The Niles tributaries of Abyssinia, and the sword hunters of the Hamran Arabs. London (MacMillan and co.): i–xxiii + 1–596, 24 pl., 1 map
  32. Ballasina, D. (1995) Salviamo le Tartarughe! Bologna (Edagricole): 1–260. [Not seen].
  33. Balouet, J.-C. & Alibert, E. (1989) Le grand livre des espèces disparues. Rennes (Ouest-France): 1–197.
  34. Barbour, T. (1912) A contribution to the zoögeography of the East Indian islands. Memoirs of the Museum of comparative Zoology, 44 (1): 1–203, pl. 1–8. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.52042>.
  35. Barbour, T. & Cole, L. J. (1906) Vertebrata fromYucatan. Reptilia, Amphibia, and Pisces. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology, 50 (5):146–159, 2 pl. [Published in November 1906].
  36. Bartlett, E. (1895) Notes on tortoises, No. 3. Sarawak Gazette, 25: 83–84. [Published on 1 May 1895].
  37. Bartlett, E. (1896) Notes on tortoises, No. 4. Sarawak Gazette, 26: 113. [Published on 1 June 1896].
  38. Battersby, J. C. (1949) Amphibia and Reptilia. Zoological Record, 84: 1–85–? [Not seen].
  39. Battersby, J. C. & Swinton, W. E. (1959) Reptilia. Zoological Record, 93 (16B): 1–122.
  40. Battersby, J. C. & Swinton, W. E. (1961) Reptilia. Zoological Record, 95 (16B): 1–222. [Not seen].
  41. Bauer, A. M., Günther, R. & Klipfel, M. (1995) The herpetological contributions of Wilhelm C. H. Peters (1815–1883). Ithaca (Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles): 5–87.
  42. Baur, G. (1887) Osteologische Notizen über Reptilien. Fortsetzung II. Zoologische Anzeiger, 10 (244): 96–102. [Published on 14 February 1887].
  43. Baur, G. (1888) Osteologische Notizen über Reptilien. (Fortsetzung III). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 11: 417–424.
  44. Baur, G. (1890 a) The relationships of the genus Dirochelys. American Naturalist 23: 1099–1100. [Published on 19 July 1890; see American Naturalist 23: 1088].
  45. Baur, G. (1890b) Two new species of tortoises from the south. Science, ([2]), 16 (405): 262–263. [Published on 7 November 1890]. <https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ns-16.405.262-c>.
  46. Baur, G. (1892). On the taxonomy of the genus Emys, C. Duméril. Proceedings of the American philosophical Society, 30: 40–44.
  47. Baur, G. (1893a) Notes on the classification and taxonomy of the Testudinata. Proceedings of the American philosophical Society, 31: 210–225. [Published on 29 June 1893, see 215, 223].
  48. Baur, G. (1893b) Two new species of North American Testudinata. American Naturalist, 27 (319): 675–677. [Published in July 1893].
  49. Baur, G. (1896) Der Schädel einer neuen großen Schildkröte (Adelochelys) aus dem zoologischen Museum in München. Anatomischer Anzeiger, 12: 314–319.
  50. Bell, T. (1825) A Monograph of the tortoises having a moveable sternum, with remarks on their arrangement and affinities. Zoological Journal, London, 2: 299–310, pl. 16. [Published in October 1825; see Mathews (1925: 149)].
  51. Bell, T. (1827a) On two new genera of land tortoises. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 15 (2): 392–401, pl. 16–17. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1826.tb00122.x>.
  52. Bell, T. (1827b) Descriptions of three new species of land tortoises. Zoological Journal, 3: 419–421, pl. 23 supp.–25 supp. [Published on 31 December 1827; see Mathews (1925: 149)].
  53. Bell, T. (1828a) On Hydraspis, a new genus of freshwater tortoises, of the family Emydidae. Zoological Journal, 3: 511–513. [Published in April 1828; see Mathews (1925: 149)].
  54. Bell, T. (1828b) Characters of the order, families, and genera of the Testudinata. Zoological Journal, 3: 513–516. [Published in April 1828; see Mathews (1925: 149)].
  55. Bell, [T.] (1834) Specimens and drawings were exhibited of a freshwater tortoise, forming part of the collection of Mr. Bell, by whom it was described as the type of a new genus, for which he proposed the name of Cyclemys. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1834 (15): 17. [Published on 17 June 1834].
  56. Beltrán, E. (1953) Vida silvestre y recursos naturales a lo largo de la carretera Panamericana. México (Instituto Mexicano de Recursos Naturales Renovables, A. C.): i–viii + 1–228. [Not seen].
  57. Beolens, B., Watkins, M. & Grayson, M. (2011) The eponym dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore (Johns Hopkins University Press): i–xvi + 1–296. <https://doi.org/10.1353/book.1869>.
  58. Berthold, A. A. (1827) Latreille’s natürliche Familien des Thierreichs aus dem Französischen nit Amerkungen und Zusäsen. Weimar (Landes-Industrie Comptoir): i–x + 1–606.
  59. Beyer, G. E. (1900) Louisiana herpetology. Proceedings of the Louisiana Society of Naturalists, 1897–1899: 25–46.
  60. Blainville, H. M. de. (1816) Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systématique du règne animal. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomatique de Paris, 1816: “105–112” [113–120] + 121–124.
  61. Blyth, E. (1854) Notices and descriptions of various Reptiles, new or little known. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, ‘1853’, 22: 639–655. [Published after the 26 January 1854 errata, see also Rhodin et al. (2021: 405)]
  62. Blyth, E. (1856) Report for October Meeting, 1855. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 24: 711–723.
  63. [Blyth, E.] (1859) Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for May, 1858. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 27: 267–290.
  64. Bocage, J. V. B. du (1887) Mélanges erpétologiques. V. Reptiles et Batraciens de Quissange (Benguella) envoyés par M. J. d’Anchieta. Jornal de Sciencias mathematicas physicas e naturaes, 11 (44): 208–211. [Published in February 1887].
  65. Bocourt, F.(1868) Description de quelques chéloniens nouveaux appartenant à la faune mexicaine. Annales des Sciences naturelles, Zoologie et Paléontologie, (5), 10: 121–122.
  66. Boddaert, P. (1770) De Testudine cartilaginea. Amstelodami (Cornelium van Tongerlo): [i] + 1–39, errata, 1 pl.
  67. Bonaparte, C. L. (1830) Sulla seconda edizione del Regno Animale del Barone Cuvier. Osservazioni. Annali di Storia naturale, Bologna, 4: 3–26 + 159–220 + 303–389.
  68. Bonaparte, C. L. (1831) Saggio di una distribuzione metodica degli animali vertebrati. Roma (Antonio Boulzaler): 1–78. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48624>.
  69. Bonaparte, C. L. (1832) Saggio di una distribuzione metodica degli animali vertebrati a sangue freddo. Giornale Arcadico di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, ‘1831’, 52: 129–209. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48624>.
  70. Bonaparte, C. L. (1836) Cheloniorum Tabula analytica. Roma: 1–9. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.127419>.
  71. Bonin, F. (1991) Les Chéloniens : classification, caractères généraux, reproduction, pathologie et thérapeutique. Lyon (École nationale vétérinaire: [i–xiii] + 1–101 + i–iv.
  72. Bonnaterre, [P. J.] (1789) Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Erpétologie. Paris (Panckoucke): i–xxviii + 1–71, pl. 1–7 + 1–6 + 1–6, 6(2), 7–13 + 1–35. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.59326>.
  73. Bory de Saint-Vincent, [J.-B.] (1822) Brachionides. In: Dictionnaire classique d’histoire naturelle, Paris (Rey & Gravier, Baudouin frères), 2: 469–470.
  74. Bory de Saint-Vincent, [J.-B.] (1828a) Résumé d’erpétologie ou d’histoire naturelle des Reptiles. Paris (Bureau de l’Encyclopédie portative): i–viii + 1–292. [Dédicace (: viii) datée du 15 August 1828].
  75. Bory de Saint-Vincent, [J.-B.] (1828b) Iconographie des Reptiles. Paris (Bureau de l’Encyclopédie portative): [i–ii]. + 1–20, pl. 1–52.
  76. Boulenger, E. G. (1937) World natural history. London (B. T. Batsford): i–xx + 1–268, pl. 1–150.
  77. Boulenger, G. A. (1887) On the systematic position of the genus Miolania Owen (Ceratochelys, Huxley). Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1887: 554–555. [Published in October 1887]. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1887.tb03018.x>.
  78. Boulenger, G. A. (1888) Description of a new land-tortoise from South Africa, from a specimen living in the Society’s Gardens. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1888: 251, pl. 14. [Published in October 1888].
  79. Boulenger, G. A. (1889) Catalogue of the chelonians, rhynchocephalians, and crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). London (Taylor & Francis): i–x + 1–311, pl. 1–6.
  80. Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Reptilia and Batrachia. The zoological Record, 26: 1–23. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5490>.
  81. Boulenger, G. A. (1897) Description of a new genus and species of tortoises from Borneo. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (6), 19: 468–469. [Published on 1 April 1897]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939708680563>.
  82. Boulenger, G. A. (1902) Descriptions of new batrachians and reptiles from north-western Ecuador. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (7), 9: 51–57. [Published on 1 January 1902]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930208678538>.
  83. Boulenger, G. A. (1903) Report on the batrachians and reptiles. In: N. Annandale & H. C. Robinson (ed), Fasciculi malayenses, anthropological and zoological results of an expedition to Perak and the Siamese Malay States, 1901–1902. Zoology Part I. Liverpool (University Press): 131–176, pl. 5–10.
  84. Bour, R. (1973) Contribution à la connaissance de Phrynops nasutus (Schweigger: 1812) et Phrynops tuberculatus (Luederwaldt: 1926). Description d’une nouvelle sous-espèce originaire du Paraguay, Phrynops tuberculatus vanderhaegei (Testudinata-Pleurodira-Chelidae). Bulletin de la Société zoologigue de France, 98 (1): 175–190. [Published on 29 June 1973].
  85. Bour, R. (1982) Contribution à la connaissance des tortues terrestres des Seychelles, définition du genre endémique et description d’une sous-espèce nouvelle probablement originaire des îles granitiques et au bord de l’extinction. Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences de Paris, (3), 295: 117–122. [Published on 20 September 1982].
  86. Bour, R. (2012) The Erpétologie générale (1834–1854) and its authors, Constant Duméril (1774–1860), Gabriel Bibron (1805–1848), and Auguste Duméril (1812–1870). In: A. M. C. Duméril, G. Bibron & A. H. A. Duméril, Erpétologie générale, New introduction, volumes 1–2, Facsimile reprints in Herpetology, Ithaca (Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles): 5–107.
  87. Bour, R. & Dubois, A. (1984) Comment on the application concerning Sternotherus Gray, 1825 and Pelusios Wagler, 1830. Z.N.(S.)2278. Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 41 (4): 198–205.
  88. Bour, R., Dubois, A. & Webb, R. G. (1995) Types of recent trionychid turtles in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Dumerilia, 2: 73–92.
  89. Bour, R. & Ohler, A. (2008) Chersine Merrem, 1820 and Chersina Gray, 1831: a nomenclatural survey. Zootaxa, 1752 (1): 66–68. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1752.1.4>.
  90. Bourret, R. (1940) Notes herpétologiques sur l’Indochine française. XVIII. Reptiles et Batraciens reçus au Laboratoire des Sciences naturelles de l’Université au cours de l’année 1939. Descriptions de quatre espèces et d’une variété nouvelles. Annexe au Bulletin général de l’Instruction publique, Hanoi, 1939 (4): 5–39.
  91. Bourret, R. L. (1941) Les tortues de l’Indochine avec une note sur la pêche et l’élevage des tortues de mer par F. Le Poulain. Hanoi (Institut Océanographique de l’Indochine): 1–235, pl. 1–48.
  92. Bowley, D. R. & Smith, H. M. (1968) The dates of publication of Louis Agassiz’s Nomenclator Zoologicus. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of natural History, 5 (1): 35–36. <https://doi.org/10.3366/jsbnh.1968.5.1.35>.
  93. Bramble, D. M. (1982) Scaptochelys: generic revision and evolution of gopher tortoises. Copeia, 1982 (4): 852–867. [Published on 21 December 1982]. <https://doi.org/10.2307/1444097>.
  94. Breder, R. B (1924) Notes on the drinking habits of Terepene carolina (Linnæus). Copeia, 131: 63. [Published on 30 June 1924]. <https://doi.org/10.2307/1437313>.
  95. Brongersma, L. D. (1961) Notes upon some sea turtles. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 51: 1–46, 1 pl.
  96. Brongniart, A. (1800) Essai d’une classification naturelle des Reptiles. IIe partie. Formation et disposition des genres. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société philomatique, 2 (36): 89–91, pl. 6.
  97. Brongniart, A. (1805) Essai d’une classification naturelle des Reptiles. Paris (Baudouin): 1–53, pl. 1–2. [Dated June 1805].
  98. Brookes, J. (1828) A prodromus of a synopsis animalium, comprising a catalogue raisonné, of the zootomical collection. London (Gold & Walton): 1–124.
  99. Brown, A. E. (1908) Generic types of Neartic Reptilia and Amphibia. Proceedings of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 60: 112–127. [Published on 24 and 27 July 1908].
  100. Bruguière, J. G. (1792) Description d‘une nouvelle espèce de tortue de Cayenne. Journal d’Histoire naturelle, 1 (7): 253–261, pl. 13.
  101. Bull, J. J., Legler, J. M. & Vogt, R. C. (1985) Non-temperature dependent sex determination in two suborders of turtles. Copeia, 1985 (3): 784–786. [Published on 5 August 1985]. <https://doi.org/10.2307/1444773>.
  102. Burmeister, H. (1837) Handbuch der Naturgeschichte zum Gebrauch bei Vorlefungen. Berlin (F. Ensling): i–xxvi + 1–858. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.100177>.
  103. Caballero, E. (1939) A new species of Camallanus from the stomach of Kinosternon hirtipes. IV. Parasitology, 31 (4): 448–450. <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000012956>.
  104. Cann, J. (1998) Australian freshwater turtles. Singapore (Beaumont Publishing Pte Ltd): 1–292.
  105. Cann, J. & Legler, J. M. (1994) The Mary River tortoise: a new genus and species of short-necked chelid from Queensland, Australia (Testudines: Pleurodira). Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 1 (2): 81–96.
  106. Cantor, T. (1842) General features of Chusan, with remarks on the Flora and Fauna of that island. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (1), 9: 265–278 + 361–370 + 481–493. [265–278 published on 1 June 1842; 361–370 published on 1 July 1842; 481–493 published on 1 August 1842]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/03745484209445368>.
  107. Cantor, T. (1847) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan peninsula and islands. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16: 607–656 + 897–952 + 1026–1078, pl. 20, 40.
  108. China, W. E. (1963) Opinion 660. Suppression under the Plenary Powers of seven specific names of turtles (Reptilia, Testudines). Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 20 (3): 187–190. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.6607>.
  109. Cocteau, J. T. & Bibron, G. (1838–1843) Reptiles. In : R. de la Sagra, Historia fisica, politica y natural de la Isla de Cuba, Paris (Arthus Bertrand), ‘1843’, 4: 1–143. [1–124 published in 1838; 125–143 published in 1843; for authors see page 120].
  110. Collias, N. E. (1944) Aggressive behavior among vertebrate animals. Physiological Zoology, 17 (1): 83–123. <https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.17.1.30151832>.
  111. Cooper, J. G. (1861) New Californian animals. Proceedings of the California Academy of natural Sciences, 2: 118–123. [Published in 1861; see Rhodin et al. (2010: 139)].
  112. Cope, E. D. (1860) Notes and descriptions of foreign Reptiles. Proceedings of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 11: 294–297. [Published on 12 January 1860; see Nolan (1913: xii)].
  113. Cope, E. D. (1865) Third contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 17 (4): 185–198. [Published on 26 December 1865].
  114. Cope, E. D. (1868) An examination of the Reptilia and Batrachia obtained by the Orton expedition to Equador and Upper Amazon, with notes on other species. Proceedings of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 20 (2): 96–140. [Published on 9 November 1868; see Nolan (1913: xiii)].
  115. Cope, E. D. (1870) Seventh contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 11: 147–169.
  116. Cope, E. D. (1895) Taylor on box turtle. American Naturalist, 29 (344): 756–757. [Published in August 1895].
  117. Cornalia, A. (1849) Vertebratorum synopsis in Museo Mediolanense extantium quae per novum orbem cajetanus Osculati collegit annis 1846–47–1848 specibus novis vel minus cognitus adjectis, nec non descriptionibus atque iconibus illustratis. Modoetiae (Typographia Corbetta): 1–16, 1 pl.
  118. Cottez, H. (1980) Dictionnaire des structures du vocabulaire savant. Éléments et modèles de formation. 2e edition revue et complétée. Paris (Le Robert): i–xxxiv + 1–515.
  119. Cowan, C. F. (1969) Notes on Griffith’s Animal Kingdom of Cuvier (1824-1835). Journal of the Society of Bibliography of natural History, 5 (2): 137–140. <https://doi.org/10.3366/jsbnh.1969.5.PART_2.137>.
  120. Cowan, C. F. (1971) On Guérin’s Iconography: particularly the insects. Journal of the Society of Bibliography of natural History, 6 (1): 18–29. <https://doi.org/10.3366/jsbnh.1971.6.1.18>.
  121. Cuvier, G. (1824) Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles où l'on rétablit les caractères de plusieurs animaux dont les révolutions du globe ont détruit les espèces. Nouvelle [2e] édition. Paris (G. Dufour et E. d’Ocagne), 5 (2): 1–547, pl. 1–33. [Published on 4 December 1824; see Bibliographie de la France, 13 (49): 757].
  122. Cuvier, [G.] (1829) Le règne animal distribué d’après son organisation, pour servir de base à l’histoire naturelle des animaux et d’introduction à l’anatomie comparée. Nouvelle édition, revue et augmentée. Paris (Déterville), 2: i–xv + 1–406. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1964>.
  123. Dahl, G. & Medem, F. (1964) Informe sobre la fauna acuatica del Río Sinú. Bogotá (Corporacion Autonoma Regional de los Valles del Magdalena y del Sinu-CVM-Departamanto de Investigaciones Ictiologicas y Faunisticas): 1–160. [Not seen].
  124. Daniel, P. M. (1984) The herpetofauna of Adams County, Ohio. Ohio Journal of Science, 84 (1): 35–43. [Published on 15 March 1984].
  125. Das, I. (2001) Die Schildkröten des Indischen Subkontinents. Frankfurt am Main (Chimaira): 1–181.
  126. Daudin, F. M. (1801) Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, des Reptiles. Volume 2. Paris (F. Dufart): 1–432, pl. 16–28.
  127. Dauner, H. (1988) Tortues terrestres et aquatiques. Races ‒ Élevage ‒ Alimentation ‒ Reproduction ‒ Maladies ‒ Soins. Paris (Éditions De Vecchi): 1–147.
  128. De Vis, C. W. (1897) The extinct fresh-water turtles of Queensland. Annals of the Queensland Museum, 3: 1–7, pl. 1–8.
  129. Del Prato, A. (1895) Vertebrati Eritrei. Aggiunta al catalogo della collezione Eritrea Bottego. Atti della Società italiana di Scienze naturali, 35: 17–26.
  130. Deraniyagala, P. E. P. (1931) Testudinate evolution. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, ‘1930’, 100: 1057–1070, pl. 1–3. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1930.tb01013.x>.
  131. Diesmos, A. C., Parham, J. F., Stuart, B. L. & Brown, R. M. (2005) The phylogenetic position of the recently rediscovered Philippine forest turtle (Bataguridae: Heosemys leytensis). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (4), 56 (3): 31–41. [Published on 29 April 2005].
  132. Dodd, C. K. Jr. (1990) Caretta. Catalogue of the American Amphibians and Reptiles, 482: 1–2.
  133. Doderlein, P. (1872) Alcune generalità intorno la fauna sicula de Vertebrati. Atti della Società dei Naturalisti in Modena, 6: 29–37 + 65–75 + 200–211 + 267–294.
  134. Dorner, H. (1877) Guide to the New York aquarium. New York (Atheneum Publishing House): i–viii + 1–82.
  135. Dubois, A. (2000) Synonymies and related lists in zoology: general proposals, with examples in herpetology. Dumerilia, 4 (2): 33–98.
  136. Dubois, A. (2005a) Propositions pour l’incorporation des nomina de taxons de rang supérieur dans le Code international de nomenclature zoologique. In: A. Dubois, O. Poncy, V. Malécot & N. Léger (ed.), Comment nommer les taxons de rang supérieur en zoologie et en botanique?, Biosystema, 23: 73–96.
  137. Dubois, A. (2005b) Proposed Rules for the incorporation of nomina of higher-ranked zoological taxa in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 1. Some general questions, concepts and terms of biological nomenclature. Zoosystema, 27 (2): 365–426. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1337.1.1>.
  138. Dubois, A. (2006) Proposed Rules for the incorporation of nomina of higher-ranked zoological taxa in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 2. The proposed Rules and their rationale. Zoosystema, 28 (1): 165–258. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1337.1.1>.
  139. Dubois, A. (2008) Authors of zoological publications and nomina are signatures, not persons. Zootaxa, 1771: 63–68. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1771.1.6>.
  140. Dubois, A. (2010) Retroactive changes should be introduced in the Code only with great care: problems related to the spellings of nomina. Zootaxa, 2426 (1): 1–42. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2426.1.1>.
  141. Dubois, A. (2011) The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature must be drastically improved before it is too late. Bionomina, 2: 1–104. <https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.2.1.1>.
  142. Dubois, A. (2013) Zygoidy, a new nomenclatural concept. Bionomina, 6: 1–25. <https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.6.1.1>.
  143. Dubois, A. (2015) The Duplostensional Nomenclatural System for higher zoological nomenclature. Dumerilia, 5: 1–108.
  144. Dubois, A. (2017) A few problems in the generic nomenclature of insects and amphibians, with recommendations for the publication of new generic nomina in zootaxonomy and comments on taxonomic and nomenclatural databases and websites. Zootaxa, 4237 (1): 1–16. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4237.1.1>.
  145. Dubois, A. (2021) Recommendations concerning the presentation of synonymic and related lists in zootaxonomy: the example of the family Cryptobranchidae Fitzinger, 1826 (Amphibia, Urodela). Bionomina, 25: 52–69. <https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.25.1.4>.
  146. Dubois, A. (2022a) Kalyptoidy: the nomenclatural status of new zoological nomina originally published as synonyms, with examples in herpetology and comments on taxonominal databases. Bionomina, 30: 1‒82. <https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.30.1.1>.
  147. Dubois, A. (2022b) Nomenclatural acts in zoological nomenclature. Bionomina, 31: 1‒23. <https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.31.1.1>.
  148. Dubois, A. & Aescht, E. (ed.) (2019a) LZC Session 24. Subtelties of homonymy in zoological nomenclature. Dumerilia, 8: 66‒84.
  149. Dubois, A. & Aescht, E. (ed.) (2019b) LZC Session 32. The Principles of the Zoocode. 14. The Principle of Nomography. Dumerilia, 8: 119–132.
  150. Dubois, A. & Frétey, T. (2023) LTH 2. Literatura Taxonomica Herpetologica. 2. Glossary. Bionomina, 36: 118–151. <https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.36.1.6>.
  151. Dubois, A., Frétey, T., Lorvelec, O. & Ohler, A. (2021a) The nomenclatural status of the amphibian and reptile nomina introduced by La Cepède in his Histoire Naturelle des Quadrupèdes Ovipares et des Serpens, with comments on various questions of zoological nomenclature. Bionomina, 23: 1–180. <https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.23.1.1>.
  152. Dubois, A. & Ohler, A. (2009) The status of the amphibian nomina created by Merrem (1820) and Ritgen (1828). Zootaxa, 2247: 1–36. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2247.1.1>.
  153. Dubois, A., Ohler, A. & Pyron, A. (2021b) New concepts and methods for phylogenetic taxonomy and nomenclature in zoology, exemplified by a new ranked cladonomy of recent amphibians (Lissamphibia). Megataxa, 5 (1): 1–738. <https://doi.org/10.11646/megataxa.5.1.1>.
  154. Dubois, A. & Raffaëlli, J. (2009) A new ergotaxonomy of the family Salamandridae Goldfuss, 1820 (Amphibia, Urodela). Alytes, 26 (1–4): 1–85.
  155. Duméril, A. M. C. (1805) Zoologie analytique, ou méthode naturelle de classification des animaux, rendue plus facile à l’aide de tableaux synoptiques. Paris (Allais), ‘1806’: i–xxxii + 1–544. [Published on 15 November 1805, see Gregory (2010)]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44835>.
  156. Duméril, A. [H. A.] (1852) Description des reptiles nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus de la collection du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, et remarques sur la classification et les caractères des reptiles. Archives du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, 6: 209–264. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.62017>.
  157. Duméril, A. [H. A.] (1856) Note sur les Reptiles du Gabon. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée, (2), 8: 369–377 + 417–424 + 460–470 + 553–562, pl. 20–21.
  158. Duméril, A. [H. A.] (1861) Reptiles et Poissons de l’Afrique occidentale. Étude précédée de considérations générales sur leur distribution géographique. Archives du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Paris, 10 (3): 137–268, pl. 13–23.
  159. Duméril, A. M. C. & Bibron, G. (1834) Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des Reptiles. Tome 1. Paris (Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret): 1–447. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.45973>.
  160. Duméril, A. M. C. & Bibron, G. (1835) Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complete des Reptiles. Tome 2. Paris (Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret): i–ii + 3–680. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.45973>.
  161. Duméril, A. M. C., Bibron, G. & Duméril, (1854) Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des Reptiles. Tome 9. Paris (Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret): i–xx + 1–440. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.118790>.
  162. Duméril, A. M. C. & Duméril, A. H. A. (1851) Catalogue méthodique de la collection des reptiles du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle. Paris (Gide & Goudry): i–iv + 1–224.
  163. Dunn, E. R. (1920) Notes on Melanemys Shufeldt. Copeia, 77: 7–8. [Published on 20 January 1920].
  164. Engelmann, W. (1846) Bibliotheca historico-naturalis. Verzeichniss der Bücher über Naturgeschichte welche in Deutschland, Scandinavien, Holland, England, Frankreich, Italien und Spanien in den Jahren 1700–1846 erschienen sind. Leipzig (Wilhelm Engelmann): i–ix + 1–786. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.78472>.
  165. Ennis, [J.] (1861) Two of the young of the Kalemys Muhlenburgii. Proceedings of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 13: 124–125. [Published on 30 September 1861; see Nolan (1913: xii)].
  166. Ernst, C. H. (1981) Rhinoclemmys funerea. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 263 : 1–2.
  167. Ernst, C. H. & Barbour, R. W. (1989) Turtle of the world. Washington & London (Smithsonian Institution Press): i–xii + 1–313, pl. 1–16.
  168. Ernst, C. H., Gibbons, J. W. & Novak, S. S. (1988) Chelydra. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 419: 1–4.
  169. Ernst, C. H. & McBreen, J. F. (1991) Terrapene. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 511: 1–6.
  170. Eschscholtz, F. (1829) Beschreibungen dreier neuer Meerschildkröten. Die Quatember Zeitschrift, 1 (1): 10–18.
  171. Evenhuis, N. L. (2003) Publication and dating of the journals forming the Annals and Magazine of natural History and the Journal of natural History. Zootaxa, 385: 1–68. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.385.1.1>.
  172. Fabricius, J. C. (1794) Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. 4. Hafniae (C. G. Proft): [i–vi] + 1–472 + [1–5].
  173. Fairchild, G. B., Kohls, G. M. & Tipton, V. J. (1966) The ticks of Panama (Acarina: Ixodoidea). In: R. L. Wenzel & V. J. Tipton (ed.), Ectoparasites of Panama, Chicago (Field Museum of Natural History): 167–219.
  174. Falconer, H. & Cautley, P. T. (1837) On additional fossil species of the order Quadrumana from the Siwálík Hills. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 6: 354–360, pl. 23.
  175. Fan, T. (1931) Preliminary report of Reptiles from Yaoshan, Kwangsi, China. Bulletin of the Department of Biology, College of Science, Sun Yatsen University, 11: [i–ii] + 1–154 + [1–4], 5 pl., 1 map. [Published in May 1931].
  176. Ferreira, J. B. (1907) Sur quelques exemplaires de tortues gigantesques du Musée Bocage de l’Ecole polytechnique de Lisbonne. Bulletin de la Société portugaise de Sciences naturelles, 1 (3): 80–84, pl. 4.
  177. Ferri, V. (1990) Le grand livre des tortues terrestres et aquatiques. Paris (Editions De Vecchi): 1–193.
  178. Ferri, V. (2000) Guide des tortues. 190 espèces du monde entier. Paris (Delachaux et Niestlé): 1–255.
  179. Ferri, V. (2002) Turtles and tortoises. Willowdale (Firefly books): 1–255.
  180. Fischer, M. H. (1932). Die Funktion des Vestibularapparates (der Bogengänge und Otolithen) bei Fischen, Amphibien, Reptilien und Vögeln. In: A. Bethe, G. v. Bergmann, G. Embden, & A. Ellinger, Handbuch der normalen und pathologischen Physiologie mit Berücksichtigung der experimentellen Pharmakologie, Achtzehnter band, Nachträge und Generalregister zu Band I–XVIII, Berlin (Springer): 296–300. <https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-91024-1_63>.
  181. Fitzinger, L. I. (1826) Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren natürlichen Verwandtschaften nebst einer Verwandstschafts-Tafel und einem Verzeichnisse der Reptilien-Sammlung des k. k. zoologischen Museum zu Wien. Wien (J. G. Heubner): 1–66. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4683>.
  182. Fitzinger, L. (1835) Entwurf einer systematischen Anordnung der Schildkröten nach den Grundsatzen der naturlichen Methode. Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte, ‘1836’, 1: 103–128.
  183. Fitzinger, L. (1843) Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus 1. Amblyglossae. Vindobonae (Braumüller & Seidel): 1–106 + i–ix. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4694>.
  184. FitzSimons, V. (1950) Notes on a collection of reptiles and amphibians from the west coast of Southern Africa. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 21 (3): 253–259, pl. 4.
  185. Fleming, J. (1822) The philosophy of zoology; or a general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. Volume 2. Edinburgh (Archibald Constable & Co.): 1–618. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.24597>.
  186. Fleming, J. (1828) A history of British animals exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematical arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, mollusca, and radiata of the United Kingdom; including the indigenous, extirpated, and extinct kinds, together with periodical and occasional visitants. Edinburgh (P. Neill): i–xxiii + 1–567.
  187. Fong, J. J., Parham, J. F. & Fu, J. (2002) A reassessment of the distribution of Cuora flavomarginata Gray 1863 on mainland China. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 9 (1): 9–14.
  188. Forskål, P. (1775) Descriptiones animalium, avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere Orientali observavit. Hauniae (Mölleri): 1–20 + i–xxxvi + 1–164, 1 map. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2154>.
  189. Freiberg, M. A. (1984) El mundo de las tortugas. Buenos Aires (Editorial Albatros). [Not seen].
  190. Frétey, T. (2019) Capitalised epithets in the works of Linnaeus (1758‒1767): findings and consequences in herpetology. Bionomina, 16: 22–45. <https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.16.1.2>.
  191. Frétey, T. (2022) The authorship and date of the familial nomen Dermochelyidae (Chelonii). Bionomina, 31: 46–69. <https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.31.1.3>.
  192. Frétey, T. (2023a) The publication dates of the printed issues of the Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France (1816 [sic for 1876]–2015). Bionomina, 33: 1–162. <https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.33.1.1>.
  193. Frétey, T. (2023b) Etymology of nomina of Amphibians and Reptiles of the French Antilles. Bionomina, 35: 20–50. <https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.35.1.3>.
  194. Fritz, U. & Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P. (2007) When genes meet nomenclature: tortoise phylogeny and the shifting generic concepts of Testudo and Geochelone. Zoology, 110: 298–307. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2007.02.003>.
  195. Fritz, U. & Havaš, P. (2006) Checklist of the Chelonians of the World. Dresden (CITES Nomenclature Committee and the German Agency for Nature Conservation): 1–230.
  196. Fritz, U. & Havaš, P. (2007) Checklist of the Chelonians of the World. Vertebrate Zoology, 57 (2): 149–368. <https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.57.e30895>.
  197. Gaffiot, F. (1976) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français. Paris (Hachette): [i–iv] + 1–1720, 1 pl.
  198. García Cubas, A. (1885) Cuadro geográfico, estadístico, descriptivo é histórico de los Estados Unidos mexicanos. México (Secretaría de Fomento): i–iv + 1–474 + i–v.
  199. Garman, S. (1880) On certain species of Chelonioidae. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology, 6 (6): 123–126.
  200. Gemel, R. & Grillitsch, H. (2008) Hydrochelys picta Wagler, 1821: a junior synonym of Chrysemys picta picta (Schneider, 1783). Herpetozoa, 20 (3–4): 187–189.
  201. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, [E.] (1809a) Mémoires sur les tortues molles. Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société philomatique de Paris, 1 (22): 363–367. [Published in July 1809; see Bour et al. (1995: 78)].
  202. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. F. (1809b) Mémoire sur les tortues molles, nouveau genre sous le nom de Trionyx et sur la formation des carapaces. Annales du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, 14: 1–20, pl. 1–5. [Published in August 1809; see Bour et al. (1995: 78)].
  203. Gerlach, J. (2001) Tortoise phylogeny and the ‘Geochelone’ problem. Phelsuma, 9 (Suppl. A): 1–24.
  204. Gervais, P. (1844) Chélonée. In: C. d’Orbigny, Dictionnaire universel d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (Bureau principal des éditeurs), 3: 455–462.
  205. Gillett, L. (1995) The good old/bad old days. A survey of reptile and amphibian species traded during the period 1948‒1957. British herpetological Society Bulletin, 52: 26–29.
  206. Girard, [C.] (1858) United States exploring expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Volume 20. Herpetology. Philadelphia (C. Sherman & son): i–xv + 1–492. [Introduction dated May 1858].
  207. Gistel, J. (1848) Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs für höhere Schulen. Stuttgart (Hoffmann): i–xi + 1–216 + i–iv, pl. 1–32.
  208. Gistel, J. (1868) Blicke in das Leben der Natur und des Menschen. Ein Taschenbuch zur Verbreitung gemeinnütziger Kenntnisse insbesondere der Natur-, Länder- und Völkerkunde, Künste und Gewerbe. Leipzig (E. Wartig): 1–274.
  209. Gmelin, J. F. (1789) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locus. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Tomus 1, pars 3. Lipsiae (Beer): 1033–1516.
  210. Gmelin, S. G. (1774) Reise durch Rußland zur Untersuchung der drey Natur-Reiche. Dritter Theil. Reise durch das nordliche Persien, in den Jahren 1770, 1771, bis April 1772. St Pétersburg (Kayserliche Academie der Wissenschaften): 1–508, pl. 1–62.
  211. Grandidier, A., (1867) Liste des reptiles nouveaux découverts, en 1866, sur la côte sud-ouest de Madagascar. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée, (2), 19: 232–234.
  212. Gravenhorst, J. L. C. (1829) Deliciae Musei Zoologici Vratislaviensis. Fasciculus primus, continens Chelonios et Batrachia. Lipsiae (Leopoldi Vossii): i–xiv + 1–106, pl. 1–17.
  213. Gray, J. E. (1825) A synopsis of the genera of Reptiles and Amphibia, with a description of some new species. Annals of Philosophy, (2), 10: 193–217.
  214. Gray, J. E. (1830a) Illustrations of Indian Zoology, chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke. London (Treuttel, Wurtz, Treuttel & Richter), 1: pl. 72. [Published on 30 March 1830; see Sawyer (1953)]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.95127>.
  215. Gray, J. E. (1830b) Illustrations of Indian Zoology, chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke. London (Treuttel, Wurtz, Treuttel & Richter), 1: pl. 75. [Published on 30 October 1830; see Sawyer (1953)]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.95127>.
  216. Gray, J. E. (1830c) A synopsis of the species of the class Reptilia. In: E. Griffith, & Pidgeon, E., The class Reptilia arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with specific descriptions; in: Griffith, E. & E. Pidgeon, The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, member of the Institute of France, &c. &c. &c., with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, London (Whittaker, Treacher & Co.), 9: 1–110, pl. 1–55. [Published in December 1830; see Cowan (1969) and Rhodin et al. (2021: 385)].
  217. Gray, J. E. (1831a) Illustrations of Indian Zoology, chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke. London (Treuttel, Wurtz, Treuttel & Richter), 1: pl. 74. [Published on 25 January 1831, see Sawyer (1953)]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.95127>.
  218. Gray, J. E. (1831b) Synopsis Reptilium or Short descriptions of the species of reptiles. Part 1. Cataphracta. Tortoises, crocodiles and enaliosaurians. London (Treuttel, Wurtz & Co.): i–viii + 1–85, pl. 1–10. [Preface dated January 1831; published in May 1831 according to Rhodin et al. (2021: 428)].
  219. Gray, J. E. (1831c) Mr. Gray exhibited a specimen of a tortoise which he regarded as the type of a new genus in the family Emydidae. Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondance of the zoological Society of London, 1831 (8): 106–107. [Published on 5 October 1831].
  220. Gray, J. E. (1832) Illustrations of Indian Zoology, chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke. London (Treuttel, Wurtz, Treuttel & Richter), 2: pl. 60. [Published on 11 July 1832; see Sawyer (1953)].
  221. Gray, J. E. (1834a) Illustrations of Indian Zoology, chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke. London (Treuttel, Wurtz, Treuttel & Richter), 2: pl. 62. [Published on 12 March 1834; see Sawyer (1953)].
  222. Gray, J. E. (1834b) Mr. Gray also exhibited specimens of several fresh-water tortoises. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1834 (18): 53–54. [Published on 26 September 1834].
  223. Gray, J. E. (1834c) Specimens were exhibited of several Reptiles, which were accompanied by notes. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1834 (20): 99–101. [Published on 25 October 1834].
  224. Gray, J. E. (1838) Catalogue of the slender-tongued saurians, with descriptions of many new genera and species. Annals of natural History, (1), 1: 274–283. [Published on 1 June 1838]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933809512291>.
  225. Gray, J. E. (1841) Appendice (E.). A catalogue of the species of Reptiles and Amphibia higherto described as inhabiting Australia, with description of some new species from western Australia, and some remarks on their geographical distribution. In: G. Grey, Journals of two expeditions of discovery in North-west and Western Australia, during the years 1837, 38, and 39, under the autority of her majesty’s government, London (T. and W. Boone), 2: 422–449, pl. 1–8.
  226. Gray, J. E. (1842) Description of some higherto unrecorded species of Australian Reptiles and Batracians. In: J. E. Gray, The zoological miscellany, London (Treuttel, Wurtz and co.), Part 2: 51–56. [Published in April 1842 according to Anonymous (1971: ii)].
  227. Gray, J. E. (1844) Catalogue of the tortoises, crocodiles, and amphisbænians, in the collection of the British Museum. London (Edward Newman): i–viii + 1–80.
  228. Gray, J. E. (1847) Description of a new genus of Emydae. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1847 (172): 55–56. [Published on 25 May 1847].
  229. Gray, J. E. (1849) Description of a new species of box tortoise from Mexico. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1849 (190–191): 16–17, pl 2. [Published on 11–14 December 1849]. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1849.tb00194.x>.
  230. Gray, J. E. (1854a) Descriptions of a new genus and some new species of tortoises. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, ‘1852’, 20: 133–135. [Published on 27 February 1854].
  231. Gray, J. E. (1854b) Descriptions of a new species of tortoise (Testudo planiceps) from the Galapagos Island. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, ‘1853’, 21: 12–13. [Published on 27 June 1854]. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1853.tb07165.x>.
  232. Gray, J. E. (1856a) On some new species of freshwater tortoises from North America, Ceylon and Australia, in the collection of the British Museum. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1855: 197–202. [197–200 published on 22 January 1856; 201–202 published on 5 February 1856].
  233. Gray, J. E. (1856b) Catalogue of shield Reptiles in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Testudinata (tortoises). London (Taylor & Francis), ‘1855’: [i–ii] + 1–81, pl. 1–42. [Published posteriorly to Blyth 1856].
  234. Gray, J. E. (1857) Description of a new species of Chelodina from Australia. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1856 (324): 369–371, pl. 12–12a. [Published on 8 May 1857].
  235. Gray, J. E. (1858) Some observations on Professor Agassiz’s criticisms on the “Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum”. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (3), 1: 285–289. [Published on 1 April 1858]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935808696914>.
  236. Gray, J. E. (1859) Description of a new species of freshwater tortoise from Siam. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1859 (413): 478–479, pl. 21. [Published between October 1859 and February 1860].
  237. Gray, J. E. (1860a) Description of a soft tortoise (Aspidochelys livingstonii) from the Zambsei, sent to the British Museum by Dr. Livingstone. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1860 (417): 5–6, pl. 22. [Published between May and August 1860].
  238. Gray, J. E. (1860b) Description of a new species of Geoclemmys from Ecuador. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1860 (431): 231–232, pl. 29. [Published between May and August 1860].
  239. Gray, J. E. (1860c) Description of a new species of Emys lately living in the Gardens of the Zoological Society. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1860 (431): 232–233, pl. 30. [Published between May and August 1860].
  240. Gray, J. E. (1861) Description of a soft tortoise of Camboja. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1861: 41–42, pl. 5. [Published in May 1861].
  241. Gray, J. E. (1862) Notice of a new species of Cyclemys from the Lao Mountains, in Siam. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (3), 10: 157. [Published on 1 August 1862]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936208681300>.
  242. Gray, J. E. (1863a) Notice of two new species of Batagur in the collection of the British Museum. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1862: 264–265. [Published in April 1863].
  243. Gray, J. E. (1863b) On the species of Chelymys from Australia, with the description of a new species. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (3), 12: 98–99. [Published on 1 August 1863]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936308681489>.
  244. Gray, J. E. (1863c) Notes on American Emydidae, and Professor Agassiz’s observations on my catalogue of them. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (3), 12: 176–183. [Published on 1 September 1863]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936308681504>.
  245. Gray, J. E. (1863d) Observations on the box tortoises, with the descriptions of three new Asiatic species. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1863: 173–179. [published in October 1863; same article also published on 1 January 1864 in Annals and Magazine of natural History, (3), 13: 105–111]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936408681581>.
  246. Gray, J. E. (1863e) On the species of the genus Sternothaerus, with some observations on Kinixys. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1863: 192–197. [Published in October 1863; same article also published on 1 February 1864 in Annals and Magazine of natural History, (3), 13: 165–170]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936408681592>.
  247. Gray, J. E. (1863f) Notice of a new species of Batagur of North-western India. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1863: 253. [Published in October 1863; same article also published on 1 March 1864 in Annals and Magazine of natural History, (3), 13: 252–253].
  248. Gray, J. E. (1864a) Revision of the species of Trionychidae found in Asia and Africa, with the descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1864: 76–98. [Published in July 1864].
  249. Gray, J. E. (1864b) Description of a new species of Staurotypus (S. salvinii) from Guatemala. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1864: 127–128. [Published in July 1864].
  250. Gray, J. E. (1864c) On the genera of Chelydidae and the characters furnished by the study of their skulls. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1864: 128–135. [Published in July 1864].
  251. Gray, J. E. (1865) Notice of a new genus and species of the family Trionychidae from Western Africa. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (3), 16: 204–206. [Published on 1 September 1865]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936508679398>.
  252. Gray, J. E. (1867) Description of a new Australian tortoise (Elseya latisternum). Annals and Magazine of natural History, (3), 20: 43–45. [Published on 1 July 1867]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936708562715>.
  253. Gray, J. E. (1869) Notes on the families and genera of tortoises (Testudinata), and on the characters afforded by the study of their skulls. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1869: 165–225, pl. 15. [Published in September 1869]. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1869.tb07312.x>.
  254. Gray, J. E. (1870a) Description of Mauremys laniaria, a new freshwater tortoise. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1869: 499–500, pl. 37. [Published in April 1870]. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1869.tb07358.x>.
  255. Gray, J. E. (1870b) Notice of a new Chilian tortoise (Testudo chilensis). Annals and Magazine of natural History, (4), 6: 190. [Published on 1 August 1870]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937008696227>.
  256. Gray, J. E. (1870c) Supplement to the Catalogue of shield reptiles in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Testudinata (tortoises). London (Taylor & Francis): i–x + 1–120. [Introduction dated 28 September 1870].
  257. Gray, J. E. (1871a) Notes on Bartlettia, a new species of freshwater tortoises belonging to the family Peltocephalidae. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1870: 718–721. [Published in April 1871].
  258. Gray, J. E. (1871b) On Euchelymys, a new genus and two new species of Australian freshwater tortoises. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (4), 8: 117–118. [Published on 1 August 1871]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937108696445>.
  259. Gray, J. E. (1872a) Appendix to the Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Testudinata (tortoises). London (British Museum): [i] + 1–28. [Introduction dated 15 May 1872].
  260. Gray, J. E. (1872b) Notes on the mud-tortoises of India (Trionyx, Geoffroy). Annals and Magazine of natural History, (4), 10: 326–340. [Published on 1 November 1872]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937208696710>.
  261. Gray, J. E. (1872c) On Spatulemys lasalae, a new genus of Hydraspidae from Rio Parana, Corrientes. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (4), 10: 463. [Published on 1 December 1872]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937208696743>.
  262. Gray, J. E. (1873a) On a new freshwater tortoise from Borneo (Orlitia borneensis). Annals and Magazine of natural History, (4), 11: 156–157. [Published on 1 February 1873]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937308696786>.
  263. Gray, J. E. (1873b) Observations on chelonians, with descriptions of new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (4), 11: 289–308. [Published on 1 April 1873]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937308696816>.
  264. Gray, J. E. (1873c) Notes on mud-tortoises (Trionyx, Geoffroy), and on the skulls of the different kinds. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1873: 38–72. [Published in June 1873].
  265. Gray, J. E. (1873d) Hand-list of the specimens of shield reptiles in the British Museum. London (British Museum): i–iv + 1–124. [Introduction dated 1 April 1873; book cited in Gray (1873e: 160)].
  266. Gray, J. E. (1873e) Notes on Chinese mud-tortoises (Trionychidae), with the description of a new species sent to the British Museum by Mr. Swinhoe, and observations on the male organ of this family. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (4), 12: 156–161, pl. 5. [Published on 1 August 1873, cited in Gray 1873d]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937308680728>.
  267. Gray, J. E. (1873f) Notes on the genera of turtles (Oiacopodes), and especially on their skeletons and skull. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1873: 395–411. [Published in August 1873].
  268. Gray, J. E. (1874) On the skulls and aveolar surfaces of land-tortoises (Testudinata). Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1873: 722–728, pl. 60. [Published in April 1874].
  269. Gregory, S. M. S. (2010) The two ‘editions’ of Duméril’s Zoologie analytique, and the potential confusion caused by Froriep’s translation Analytische Zoologie. Zoological Bibliography, 1 (1): 6–8.
  270. Guérin, E. (1829) Reptiles. In: F. E. Guérin-Méneville, Iconographie du règne animal de G. Cuvier, Tome 1, Planches des animaux vertébrés, Paris & London (J. B. Baillière): pl. 1 [Published in April 1829; see Cowan (1971)].
  271. Gundlach, J. (1881) Apuntes para la fauna puerta-riqueña. III. Anfibios. Anales de la Sociedad española de Historia natural, 10: 305–317. [Published on 5 October 1881].
  272. Günther, A. (1865) Reptilia. The Record of zoological Literature, 1: 99–132.
  273. Günther, A. (1870) Report on two collections of Indian Reptiles. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1869: 500–507, pl. 38–40. [Published in April 1870]. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1869.tb07359.x>.
  274. Günther, A. (1871) Reptilia. Zoological Record, 7: 65–80.
  275. Günther, A. (1873) Reptilia. The zoological Record, 8: 77–88. [Preface dated May 1873].
  276. Günther, A. (1882) Description of a new species of tortoise (Geoemyda impressa) from Siam. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1882: 343–346. [Published in August 1882]. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1882.tb06631.x>.
  277. Hallowell, E. (1840) Description of a species of land tortoise, from Africa. Journal of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, ‘1839’, 8 (1): 161–169, pl. 8–9. [Published on 5 May 1840; see Nolan (1913: viii)].
  278. Hallowell, E. (1852) Descriptions of new species of Reptiles inhabiting North America. Proceedings of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 6 (5): 177–182. [Published on 31 December 1852; see Nolan (1913: xi)].
  279. Harlan, R. (1835) Genera of North American Reptilia, and a synopsis of the species. In: R. Harlan, Medical and physical researches or original memoirs in medecine, surgery, physiology, geology, zoology, and comparative anatomy, Philadelphia (Lydia R. Bailey): 84–163, 1 pl. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.107564>.
  280. Harper, F. (1940) Some works of Bartram, Daudin, Latreille, and Sonnini, and their bearing upon North American herpetological nomenclature. American Midland Naturalist, 23 (3): 692–723. <https://doi.org/10.2307/2420453>.
  281. Haworth, A. H. (1825) A binary arrangement of the Class Amphibia. The philosophical Magazine and Journal, 65: 372–373. [Published on 31 May 1825]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/14786442508652879>.
  282. Hay, O. P. (1903) On the existing genera of the Trionychidae. Proceedings of the American philosophical Society, 42 (174): 268–274. [Published on 14 December 1903; see page 265].
  283. Hay, O. P. (1904) A new gigantic tortoise from the Miocene of Colorado. Science, (2), 19 (482): 503–504. [Published on 25 March 1904]. <https://doi.org/10.1126/science.19.482.503>.
  284. Haycraft, J. B. (1891) The development of the carapace of the Chelonia. Transactions of the royal Society of Edinburgh, 36: 335–342, pl. 36. [Published on 10 November 1891]. <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800037790>.
  285. Hemming, F. (1956a) Direction 32. Addition to the “Official list of works approved as available for zoological nomenclature” of the titles of certain works dealt with in Opinions rendered in the period up to the end of 1936 and to the “Official Index of rejected and invalid works in zoological nomenclature” of certain works similarly dealt with in the same period and matters incidental thereto. Opinions and Declarations rendered by the international Commission on zoological Nomenclature, 1C: 307–328. [Published on 17 May 1956]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/p.149590>.
  286. Hemming, F. (1956b) Direction 56. Completion and in certain cases correction of entries relating to the names of genera belonging to the Classes Pisces, Amphibia and Reptilia made in the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology in the period up to the end of 1936. Opinions and Declarations rendered by the international Commission on zoological Nomenclature, 1D: 337–364. [Published on 20 December 1956]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/p.149863>.
  287. Henderson, J. R. (1912) Preliminary note on a new tortoise from South India. Records of the Indian Museum, 7 (3): 217–218. ]Published after July 1912]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.28232>.
  288. Herrera, A. L. (1891) Notas acerca de los Vertebrados del Valle de México. La Naturaleza, (2), 1: 299–342.
  289. Herrera, A. L. (1899) Sinonimia vulgar y cientifica de los principales vertebrados mexicanos. Méjico (Officina Tipográfica de la Secretaría de Fomento): 1–31. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.128772>.
  290. Herrera, A. L. (1901) Nouvelle nomenclature des êtres organisés et des minéraux. Mexico (Gouvernement fédéral): 1–48 + 50–57 + 57–88. [It was republished in 1901–1902 in several parts in Memorias y Revista de la Sociedad científica “Antonio Alzate”, 15 (5–6): 1–8 + 15 (7–8): 9–16 + 15 (11–12): 17–24 + 16 (3): 25–32 + 16 (4): 33-40 + 16 (5–6): 41–57 + 17 (1–2): 57–64 + 17 (4): 65–72 + 17 (5): 73–80. The pages 80–88 announced in the issue 18 (6) are missing].
  291. Heude, P. M. (1880) Mémoire sur les trionyx. Mémoires concernant l’histoire naturelle de l’Empire Chinois par des pères de la Compagnie de Jésus, Chang-Hai, 1: i–viii + 1–38 + [1], 10 pl.
  292. Hewitt, J. (1931) Descriptions of some African tortoises. Annals of the Natal Museum, 6 (3): 461–506, pl. 36–38.
  293. Hewitt, J. (1933) On the Cape species and subspecies of the genus Chersinella Gray. Part 1. Annals of the Natal Museum, 7 (2) 255–293, pl. 14–15.
  294. Highfield, A. C. (1990) Tortoises of North Africa; taxonomy, nomenclature, phylogeny and evolution with notes on field studies in Tunisia. Journal of chelonian Herpetology, 1 (2): 1–56.
  295. Highfield, A.C. & Martin, J. (1989) A revision of the Testudines of North Africa, Asia and Europe genus: Testudo. Journal of chelonian Herpetology, 1 (1): 1–22.
  296. Holbrook, J. E. (1836) North American herpetology; or, description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. 1. Philadelphia (J. Dodson),: i–viii + 9–120, 23 pl. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4682>.
  297. Holbrook, J. E. (1838) North American herpetology; or a description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. 3. Philadelphia (J. Dodson): i–viii + 9–122, 30 pl.
  298. Holbrook, J. E. (1842) North American herpetology; or a description of the reptiles inhabiting the United States. 2. Second edition. Philadelphia (J. Dodson): 1–142, errata, pl. 1–20. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12492>.
  299. Hoser, R. T. (2014a) A review of the turtle genus Pelochelys Gray, 1864 (Trionychidae) including the division into two subgenera and the formal descriptions of two new species. Australasian Joumal of Herpetology, 22: 60–64. [Published 1 July 2014].
  300. Hoser, R.T. (2014b) A taxonomic revision of the giant long-necked terrapin, Chelodina expansa Gray, 1857 species complex and related matters of taxonomy and nomenclature. Australasian Joumal of Herpetology, 24: 3–11. Published on 30 August 2014].
  301. Hoser, R. T. (2018a) A new subgenus, new species and new subspecies of Elseya Gray, 1867 (Testudinata: Pleurodira: Chelidae) from Eastem Australia. Australasian Joumal of Herpetology, 36: 28–30. [Published on 30 March 2018].
  302. Hoser, R. T. (2018b) A sensible four-way breakup of the South-American river turtle genus Podocnernis Wagler, 1830 along obvious phylogenetic and morphological lines. Australasian Joumal of Herpetology, 36: 31–41. [Published on 30 March 2018].
  303. Hoser, R. T. (2021) Audit finds dozens of unnamed turtle taxa. A body of evidence results in newly named genera, subgenera, species and subspecies based on historical and morphological divergence. Australasian Joumal of Herpetology, 52–53: 1–128. [Published 16 June 2021].
  304. Huber, G. C. (1896) The spinal ganglia of Amphibia. Anatomischer Anzeiger, 12 (18): 417–425. [Published on 30 October 1896].
  305. Husson, A. M. & Holthuis, L. B. (1955) The dates of publication of “Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche Overzeesche Bezittingen” edited by C. J. Temminck. Zoologische Mededelingen, 34 (2): 17–24.
  306. Huxley, T. H. (1871) A manual of the anatomy of vertebrated animals. London (Churchill): i–vii + 1–510. [Published after September 1871]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.106794>.
  307. Illiger, K. (1807) Vergleichung der Gattungen der Hautflügler, Piezata Fabr. Hymenoptera Linn. Jur. Magazin für Insektenkunde, 6: 191–199.
  308. Iverson, J. B. (1977) Kinosternon subrubrum. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 193: 1–4.
  309. Iverson, J. B., Le, M. & Ingram, C. (2013) Molecular phylogenetics of the mud and musk turtle family Kinosternidae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69: 929–939. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.011>.
  310. Iverson, J. B. & McCord, W. P. (1994) Variation in East Asian turtles of the genus Mauremys (Bataguridae; Testudines). Journal of Herpetology, 28 (2): 178–187. <https://doi.org/10.2307/1564618>.
  311. Jarocki, F. P. (1822) Zoologiia czyli zwierzetopismo ogolne podlug naynowszego systematu. Volume 3. Gady i plazy. Warsaw (Latkiewicz): [i-vi] + 1–184 + [1–10], 3 pl.
  312. Jerdon, T. C. (1870) Notes on Indian herpetology. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1870: 66–85.
  313. Jordan, D. S. (1876) Manual of the vertebrates of the northern United States, including the district east of the Mississipi river, and north of North Carolina and Tennessee, exclusive of marine species. Chicago (Jansen, McClurg & company): 1–342. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.18275>.
  314. Jordan, D. S. & Van Vleck, B. H. (1874) A popular key to the birds, reptiles, batrachians and fishes, of the northern United States, east of the Mississipi River. Appleton (Reid & Miller): 1–88. [Not seen].
  315. Joseph-Ouni, M. (2004) The zoogeography of turtles, crocodiles & tuataras. New York (EO Wildlife Conservation & Artistry): 1–135.[Not seen].
  316. Joseph-Ouni, M., McCord, W. P. & Dwyer, Q. (2022) Solomons’ treasure: a new and endemic freshwater turtle fauna (Testudines: Chelidae). The Batagur Monographs, 4: 56–81.
  317. Jourdan, C. (1862) Extraits des procès-verbaux des séances (Année 1862). Séance du 21 mars. Annales des Sciences physiques et naturelles, d’Agriculture et d’Industrie de Lyon, (3), 6: xxxii–xxxiii.
  318. Kevan, D. K. McE. (1970) Agassiz’s Nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis – a correction. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of natural History, 5 (4): 286. <https://doi.org/10.3366/jsbnh.1970.5.4.286>.
  319. Khozatsky, L. I. & Młynarski, M. (1966) Agrionemys – nouveau genre de tortue terrestres (Testudinidae). Bulletin de l’Académie polonaise des Sciences, Sciences biologiques, 14 (2): 123–125.
  320. Kirche, W. (1984) Bastardierung von Testudo horsfieldii (Gray) und Testudo h. hermanni Gmelin. Amphibia-Reptilia, 5: 311–322. <https://doi.org/10.1163/156853884X-005-03-11>.
  321. Kirsch, P. H. (1895) A report upon investigations in the Maumee river basin during the summer of 1893. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 14: 315–337. [Published on 23 May 1895].
  322. Klenk, K. & Komar, N. (2003) Poor replication of West Nile Virus (New York 1999 strain) in three reptilian and one amphibian species. American Journal of tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 69 (3): 260–262. <https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2003.69.260>.
  323. Knoepffler, L. P. & Sochurek, E. (1956) Amphibien und Reptilien zwischen Banyuls und Mentone. Aquarium-Terrarium, 3 (5): 147–151.
  324. Kollmann, M. (1912) Anomalie des voies biliaires chez une tortue (Clemnys leprosa). Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France, 37 (3): 101–106. [Published on 25 April 1912].
  325. Krumbiegel, I. (1949) Wie füttere ich gefangene Tiere? [Second edition]. Berlin (Verlag Naturkunde): 1–131. [Not seen].
  326. Ksas, R. (2020) L’étymologie des noms scientifiques des chéloniens et des crocodiliens. Saint Thibault des Vignes (Venom world editions): 1–99.
  327. Kuhn, O. (1964) Testudines. Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia, 107: 1–299. [Published on 20 November 1964].
  328. La Cepède, [B.-G.-É. de la Ville]., de (1788) Histoire naturelle des quadrupèdes ovipares et des serpens. [In-quarto]. Tome 1. Paris (Hôtel de Thou): [i–v] + 6–17 + 1–651, pl. 1–41, 2 tab.
  329. Lapparent de Broin, F. de, Bour, R., Parham, J. F. & Perälä, J. (2006) Eurotestudo, a new genus for the species Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789 (Chelonii, Testudinidae). Comptes rendus Palevol, 5: 803–811. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2006.03.002>.
  330. Lardie, R. L. (1965) Pugnacious behavior in the softshell Trionyx spinifer pallidus and implications of territoriality. Herpetologica, 20 (4): 281–284.
  331. Latreille, P. A. (1809) Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata. Pariis et Argentorati (Amand Kœnig): 1–399, 16 pl.
  332. Latreille, [P. A.] (1825) Familles naturelles du Règne animal exposées succinctement et dans un ordre analytique, avec l’indication de leurs genres. Paris (Baillière): [i–v] + 1–570. [Published on 21 May 1825 see Bibliographie de la France, 14 (21): 345]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.34914>.
  333. Le, M., Raxworthy, C. J., McCord, W. P. & Mertz, L. (2006) A molecular phylogeny of tortoises (Testudines: Testudinidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 40: 517–531. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.003>.
  334. Le, M., Reid, B. N., McCord, W. P., Naro-Maciel, E., Raxworthy, C. J., Amato, G. & Georges, A. (2013) Resolving the phylogenetic history of the short-necked turtles, genera Elseya and Myuchelys (Testudines: Chelidae) from Australia and New Guinea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 68: 251–258. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.023>.
  335. Le Conte, J. (1830) Description of the species of North American tortoises. Annals of the Lyceum of natural History of New York, 3: 91–131. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1828.tb00090.x>.
  336. Le Conte, J. (1854) Description of four new species of Kinosternum. Proceedings of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7 (4): 180–190. [Published on 20 October 1854; see Nolan (1913: xi)].
  337. Le Conte, J. (1860) Description of two new species of tortoises. Proceedings of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, ‘1859’, 11: 4–7. [Published on 6 January 1860; see Nolan (1913: xii)].
  338. Le Garff, B. (1998) Dictionnaire étymologique de Zoologie. Comprendre facilement tous les noms scientifiques. Lausanne (Delachaux et Niestlé): 1–205.
  339. Leach, W. E. (1824) Monograph on the Cebrionidae, a family of insects. The zoological Journal, 1: 33–46.
  340. Legler, J. M. & Cann, J. (1980) A new genus and species of chelid turtle from Queensland, Australia. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 324: 1–18. [Published on 10 July 1980]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/p.241260>.
  341. Leidy, J. (1878) Description of vertebrate remains, chiefly from the phosphate beds of South Carolina. Journal of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, (2), 8 (3): 209–261, pl. 30–34. [Published in January 1878, as indicated on the third cover of the fascicle].
  342. Leidy, J. (1889) Description of vertebrate remains from Peace Creek, Florida. Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia, 2: 19–31, pl. 3–8. [Published in December 1889].
  343. Lema, T. de (1994) Lista comentada dos Répteis ocorrentes no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Comunicações do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Zoologia, 7: 41–150.
  344. Lescure, J. & Le Garff, B. (2006) L’étymologie des noms d’Amphibiens et de Reptiles. Paris (Belin): 1–207.
  345. Leslie, G. A. & Clem, L. W. (1972) Phylogeny of immunoglobulin structure and function VI. 17S, 7.5S and 5.7S anti-DNP of the turtle, Pseudamys scripta. Journal of Immunology, 108 (6): 1656–1664. [Not seen]. <https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.108.6.1656>.
  346. Lesson, R.-P. (1831) Description des quelques Reptiles nouveaux ou peu connus. In: L. I. Duperrey, Voyage autour du monde, exécuté par ordre du roi, sur la corvette de sa majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825, Paris (Arthus Bertrand), 2 (1): 25–65.
  347. Lesson, R. P. (1832) Planche 7. In: Illustrations de Zoologie, ou recueil de figures d’animaux peintes d’après nature. Paris (A. Bertrand): [20–22], pl. 7. [Published on 13 October 1832].
  348. Lesueur, C. A. (1817) An account of an American species of tortoise, not noticed in the systems. Journal of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1 (1): 86–88, pl. 5. [Published on 20 May 1817; see Nolan (1913: vii)].
  349. Lesueur, C. A. (1827) Note sur deux espèces de tortues, du genre Trionyx de M. Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire. Mémoires du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Paris, 15: 257–268, pl. 6–7.
  350. Leuckart, S. (1821) Einiges über die Fischartigen Amphibien. Isis von Oken, Litterarischer Anzeiger, 1821: 257–265, pl. 5.
  351. Li, Z. (1958) 海南岛爬行翻动物的调查报告. [A survey of reptiles from Hainan Island]. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 2 (4): 234–239. [In Chinese].
  352. Lichtenstein, M. H. C., Weinland, D. & Martens, E. C. von (1856) Nomenclator reptilium et amphibiorum Musei Zoologici Berolinensis. Namenverzeichnifs der in der zoologischen Sammlung der Königlichen Universität zu Berlin aufgestellten Arten von Reptilien und Amphibien nach ihren Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen. Berlin (Buchdruckerei der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften): i–iv + 1–48. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.45245>.
  353. Lichtig, A. J. & Lucas, S. G. (2022) New giant tortoise skulls from the Miocene of the Espñola Basin, New Mexico USA. New Mexico Museum of natural history and Science Bulletin, 88: 25–32.
  354. Lindeman, P. V. (2013) The map turtle and sawback atlas: ecology, evolution, distribution, and conservation. Norman (University of Oklahoma Press): i–xxi + 1–460.
  355. Lindholm, W. A. (1929) Revidiertes Verzeichnis der Gattungen der rezenten Schidkröten nebst Notizen zur Nomenklatur einiger Arten. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 81 (11–12): 275–295.
  356. Lindholm, W. A. (1931) Über eine angebliche Testudo-Art aus Südchina. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 97 (1–2): 27–30. [Published on 1 December 1931].
  357. Lindahl, P. E. (1946). On some archaic features in the developing central stem of the mammalian chondrocranium. Acta zoologica, 27 (1): 91–100. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.1946.tb00020.x>.
  358. Liner, E. A. (1954) The herpetofauna of Lafayette, Terrebonne, and Vermilion Parishes, Louisiana. Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences, 17: 65–85. [Not seen].
  359. Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus 1. Holmiae (Laurentii Salvii): [i–iv] + 1–824. [Published on 1 January 1758 (Article 3.1)]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542>.
  360. Linné, C. a (1766) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus 1. Editio duodecima, reformata. Holmiae (Laurentii Salvii): 1–532. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68927>.
  361. Livingstone, D. R., Zwaan, A. de, Leopold, M. & Marteijn, E. (1983) Studies on the phylogenetic distribution of pyruvate oxidoreductases. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 11 (4): 415–425. <https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(83)90047-9>.
  362. Löding, H. P. (1922) A preliminary catalogue of Alabama amphibians and reptiles. Museum Paper, Alabama Museum of natural History, 5: 1–59. [Published in September 1922].
  363. Loennberg, E. (1894) Notes on reptiles and batrachians collected in Florida in 1892 and 1893. Proceedings of the United States national Museum, 17 (1003): 317–339. [Published on 15 November 1894]. <https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.17-1003.317>.
  364. Lortet, L. (1883) Études zoologiques sur la faune du Lac de Tibériade suivies d’un aperçu sur la faune des lacs d’Antioche et de Homs. Archives du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Lyon, 3: 99–189. <https://doi.org/10.3406/mhnly.1883.941>.
  365. Loveridge, A. & Williams, E. E. (1957) Revision of the african tortoises and turtles of the suborder Cryptodira. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology, 115 (6): 163–557, pl. 1–18. [Published in February 1957].
  366. Low, M. E. Y. & Tan, S. H. (2009) Dates of publication of the Bulletin of the Raffles Museum and Bulletin of the national Museum, predecessors to the Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 22: 283–294. [Published on 30 December 2009].
  367. Lydekker, R. (1889a) On the land-tortoises of the Siwaliks. Records of the geological Survey of India, 22 (4): 209–212. [Published in November 1889].
  368. Lydekker, R. (1889b) Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). Part III, containing the order Chelonia. London (British Museum Natural History): i–xviii + 1–239. [Published after 15 November 1889; Lydekker (1889a) cited page 24].
  369. Mähn, M. (1996) Siamesische Zwillinge bei der Breitrandschildkröte Testudo marginata (Schoepff, 1792). Salamandra, 32 (4): 259–262.
  370. McArthur, S., Wilkinson, R. & Meyer, J. (2004) Medicine & surgery of tortoises and turtles. Oxford (Blackwell Publishing): i–xviii + 1–579. <https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470698877>.
  371. McCord, W. P., Iverson, J. B. & Boeadi (1995) A new batagurid turtle from northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 1 (4): 311–316.
  372. McCord, W. P., Iverson, J. B., Spinks, P. Q. & Shaffer, H. B. (2000) A new genus of geoemydid turtle from Asia. Hamadryad, 25 (2): 86–90.
  373. McCord, W. P. & Joseph-Ouni, M. (2007) A new genus of Australian longneck turtle (Testudines: Chelidae) and a new species of Macrochelodina from the Kimberley region of Western Australia (Australia). Reptilia, 55: 56–64.
  374. McCord, W. P., Joseph-Ouni, M. & Lamar, W. W. (2001) A taxonomic reevaluation of Phrynops (Testudines: Chelidae) with the description of two new genera and a new species of Batrachemys. Revista de Biología tropical, 49 (2): 715–764.
  375. McCulloch, A. R. (1908) A new genus and species of turtle from North Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, 7: 126–128, pl. 26–27. [Published on 11 September 1908]. <https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.7.1908.956>.
  376. McDonald, J. (1974) Appendix II: non-human bones from the Loeve-Fox sites: a preliminary analysis. In: E. R. Prewitt, (ed.), Archaeological investigations at the Loeve-Fox Site, Williamson County, Texas, Texas Archaeological Survey Research Report, Austin (University of Texas), 49: 132–134. [Not seen].
  377. Malkin, B. (1956) Sumu ethnozoology: herpetological knowledge. Davidson Journal of Anthropology, 2 (2): 165–180. [Not seen].
  378. Malkin, B. (1958) Cora ethnozoology, herpetological knowledge; a bio-ecological and cross cultural approach. Anthropological Quarterly, 31 (3): 73–89. <https://doi.org/10.2307/3316825>.
  379. Mao, S. H. (1971) Turtles of Taiwan. A natural history of the turtles. Taipei (Commercial Press, LTD): i–x + 1–128.
  380. Marschall, A. de (1873) Nomenclator zoologicus continens nomina systematica generum animalium tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabaticum disposita. Vindobonae ( Caroli Ueberreuter): i–vi + 1–482. [Published after 20 October 1873]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1216>.
  381. Martín del Campo, R. (l936) Los batracios y reptiles segun los códices y relatos de los antiguos mexicanos. Anales del Institudo de Biologia de la Universidad nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 7 (4): 489–512.
  382. Martin Duncan, F., Waterhouse, F. H. & Peavot, H. (1937) On the dates of publication of the Society’s ‘Proceedings,’ 1859-1926. With an appendix containing the dates of publication of Proceedings,’1830-1858, and of the ‘Transactions,’ 1833-1869 originally published in P. Z. S. 1893, 1913. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, (A), 107 (1): 71–84. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1937.tb08500.x>.
  383. Mathews, G. M. (1925) The bird of Australia. Bibliography of the birds of Australia. Books used in the preparation of this work with a few biographical details of authors and collectors. London (H. F. & G. Witherby): i–viii + 1–149, 1 pl.
  384. Mayor, A. G. (1919) Samuel Hubbard Scudder 1837–1911. Biographical Memoirs, 17: 81–104.
  385. Melville, R. V. (1984a) Direction 114. Herrera, 1899, ‘Sinonimia vulgar y cientifica de los principales Vertebrados mexicanos’ placed on the official index of rejected and invalid works in zoology (Direction supplementary to Direction 32). Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 41 (1): 39–40.
  386. Melville, R. V. (1984b) Opinion 1280. Rafinesque, C. S., 1822 ‘On the turtles of the United States’: suppressed. Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 41 (4): 221–222.
  387. Merrem, B. (1820) Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Tentamen systematis Amphibiorum. Marburg (Iohann Christian Krieger): [i–xv + 1–191] × 2, 1 pl. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5037>.
  388. Mertens, R. (1949) Medaestia Wussow, 1916, a synonym of Testudo Linnaeus, 1758. Copeia, 1949 (3): 232. <https://doi.org/10.2307/1439008>.
  389. Mertens, R. (1967) Bemerkenswerte Süßwasserschildkröten aus Brasilien. Senckenbergiana biologica, 48 (1): 71–82. [Published on 28 February 1967].
  390. Mertens, R. & Wermuth, H. (1955) Die rezenten Schildkroten, Krokodile und Brukenechsen. Eine kritische Liste der heute lebenden Arten und Rassen. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 83 (5): 323-440. [Published on 31 October 1955].
  391. Mertens, R. & Wermuth, H. (1960) Die Amphibien und Reptilien Europas. Frankfurt am Main (Waldemar Kramer): i-xi + 1–264.
  392. Meyer, A. B. (1874) Über die von ihm auf Neu-Guinea under den Inseln Jobi, Mysore und Mafoor im Jahre 1873 gesammelten Amphibien. Monatsberichte der königlich preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1874: 128–140. [Published in 1874; see Bauer et al. 1995: 22].
  393. Meyer, H. v. (1840) [Mittheilungen an Professor Bronn gerichtet]. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde, 1840: 576–587.
  394. Meylan, P. A. (1987) The phylogenetic relationships of soft-shelled turtles (family Trionychidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of natural History, 186 (1): 1–101. [Published on 26 June 1987].
  395. Mikan, J. C. (1820–1825) Delectus florae et faunae brasiliensis. Vindobonae (Antonii Strauss): [1–54], 24 pl. [For publication dates, see Wetmore (1925) and Stearn (1956)].
  396. Miller, J. F. (1779) Icones animalium et plantarum. [Part. 5]. London: [5], pl. 25–30.
  397. Milne Edward, [H.] (1848) Note sur un nouveau genre de Crustacés Décapodes. Annales des Sciences naturelles, (3), 9: 192.
  398. Młynarski, M. (1966) Morfologia pancerza Agrionemys horsfieldii (Gray, 1844) (Testudines, Reptilia). Morphology of the shell of Agrionemys horsfieldii (Gray, 1844) (Testudines, Reptilia). Acta biologica Сracoviensia, Zoologia, 9: 219–223, pl. 29–32.
  399. Morafka, D. J. (1977) A biogeographical analysis of the Chihuahuan Desert through its herpetofauna. Biogeographica, The Hague, 9: i–viii + 1–313. <https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1318-5>.
  400. Müller, J. W. von (1865) Reisen in den Vereinigten Staaten, Canada und Mexico. Leipzig (F. U. Brockhaus), 3: i–xii + 1–643, 1 map. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48468>.
  401. Müller, L. (1935) Über eine neue Podocnemis-Art (Podocnemis vogli) aus Venezuela, nebst ergänzenden Bemerkungen über die systematischen Merkmale der ihr nächstverwardten Arten. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 110 (5–6): 97–109. [Published on 2 May 1935].
  402. Murray, J. A. (1886) The Reptiles of Sind; a systematic account, with description of all the species inhabiting the province, and a table of their geographical distribution in Persia, Beloochistan, Afghanistan, Punjab, North-West provinces, and the peninsula of India generally, with woodcuts, lithographs, and coloured illustrations. London & Bombay (Richardson & Co. and Education Society’s Press): i–vi + 1–92 + [1–3], 7 pl.
  403. Murthy, T. S. N. (2010) The reptile fauna of India: a source book. New Delhi (B. R. Publishing Corporation): i–xxix + 1–330.
  404. Nardo, G. D. (1864) Sopra une nuova rarissima specie di cheloniano pescato nelle nostre spiaggie. Atti del reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, (3), 9: 1418–1422. [Not seen].
  405. Neave, S. A. (1940) Nomenclator zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus 1758 to the end of 1935. London (Zoological Society of London), 4: 1–758. <https://doi.org/10.2307/1439031>.
  406. Noël, V. (2024) Reptiles et Amphibiens introduits en Alsace. Monographies de l’herpétofaune d’Alsace, 1: 1–115.
  407. Nolan, E. J. (Ed.) (1913) An index to the scientific contents of the Journal and Proceedings of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia (Academy of natural Sciences): i–xiv + 1–1419.
  408. Nutaphand, W. (1979) The turtles of Thailand. Bangkok (Thai Zoological Garden & Siam Farm) : i–vi + 1–222.
  409. Obst, (1996) Kommentar zum Reprint Wermuth/Mertens (1961): “Schildkröten – Krokodile – Brückenechsen”. In: H. Wermuth, & R. Mertens, Schildkröten – Krokodile – Brückenechsen, Jena (Gustav Fischer): 427–506.
  410. Ogilby, J. D. (1905) Catalogue of the emydosaurian and testudinian reptiles of New Guinea. Proceedings of the royal Society of Queensland, 19 (1): 1–31. <https://doi.org/10.5962/p.92067>.
  411. Oliveira, P. d’ (1896) Reptis e amphibios da peninsula iberica e especialmente de Portugal. Coimbra (Imprensa de Universidade): 1–60, pl. 1–2, errata.
  412. Olivier, A. (1807) Voyage dans l’Empire othoman, l’Égypte et la Perse, fait par ordre du gouvernement, pendant les six premières années de la République. Tome 3. Paris (Henri Agasse): i–viii + 1–566.
  413. Oppel, M. (1811) Die Ordnungen, Familien, und Gattungen der Reptilien, als Prodrom einer Naturgeschichte derselben. München (J. Lindauer): i–xii + 1–87. [Vorrede dated 11 May 1811]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4911>.
  414. Orcés V., G. (1949) Los Testudinata ecuatorianos que se conservan en las colecciones da Quito, Ecuador. Boletín de Informaciones científicas nacionales, 3 (20–21): 13–22.
  415. Orenstein, R. (2012) Turtles, tortoises and terrapins. A natural history. Richmond Hill (Firefly Books): 1–439.
  416. Oudemans, J. T. (1894) Eidechsen und Schildkröten. In: R. Semon, Zoologische Forschungsreisen in Australien und dem malayischen Archipel, Fünfter Band: Systematik, Tiergeographie, Anatomie Wirbelloser Tiere, Denkschriften der medicinisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 8: 127–146.
  417. Owen, R. (1853) Descriptive catalogue of the osteological series contained in the Museum of the royal College of Surgeons. Volume 1. Pisces, Reptilia, Aves, Marsupiala. London (Taylor & Francis): i–xlv + 1–350.
  418. Owen, R. (1886) Description of fossil remains of two species of a Megalanian genus (Meiolania, Ow.), from Lord Howe’s Island. Proceedings of the royal Society of London, 40 (244): 315–316. [Published between 20 May 1886 and 13 October 1886]. <https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1886.0040>.
  419. Owen, R. (1887) Description of fossil remains of two species of a Megalanian genus (Meiolania), from “Lord Howe’s Island”. Philosophical Transactions of the royal Society of London, 177 (2): 471-480, pl. 29–32. [Published in March 1887]. <https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1886.0015>.
  420. Park, O., Barden, A. & Williams, E. (1940) Studies in nocturnal ecology, IX. Further analysis of activity of Panama rain forest animals. Ecology, 21 (2): 122–134. <https://doi.org/10.2307/1930480>.
  421. Peters, [W. C. H.] (1854) Übersicht der auf seiner Reise nach Mossambique beobachteten schildkröten. Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlich-preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zur Berlin, 1854: 215–216.
  422. Peters, W. [C. H.] (1868) Über eine neue Nagergattung, Chiropodomys pencillatus, so wie uber einige neue oder weniger bekannte Amphibien und Fische. Monatsberichte der königlich preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1868: 448–461, pl. 1–2. [Published in 1868; see Bauer et al. (1995: 22)].
  423. Peters, W. [C. H.] (1874) Über neue Amphibien (Gymnopis, Siphonops, Polypedates, Rhacophorus, Hyla, Cyclodus, Euprepes, Clemmys). Monatsberichte der königlich preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1874: 616–627, pl. 1–2. [Published in 1874; see Bauer et al. (1995: 22)].
  424. Philippi, R. A. (1887) Vorläufige Nachricht über die chilenischen Seeschildkröten und einige Fische der chilenischen Küste. Der zoologische Garten, 28: 84–88.
  425. Pierantoni, U. (1934) Compendio di zoologia. Torino (Unione Tipografico Editrice Torinese): i–xvi + 1–927.
  426. Ping, C. (1930) Notes on the shell of a land tortoise from the ancient ruins of Annyang. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, 1 (13): 217–226. [Published on 30 November 1930].
  427. Praschag, P. (2004) Les tortues terrestres. Paris (Ulmer): 1–96.
  428. Praschag, P., Hundsdörfer, A. K. & Fritz, U. (2007b) Phylogeny and taxonomy of endangered South and South-East Asian freshwater turtles elucidated by mtDNA sequence variation (Testudines: Geoemydidae: Batagur, Callagur, Hardella, Kachuga, Pangshura). Zoologica scripta, 36 (5): 429–442. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00293.x>.
  429. Praschag, P., Hundsdörfer, A. K., Reza, A. H. M. A. & Fritz, U. (2007a) Genetic evidence for wild-living Aspideretes nigricans and a molecular phylogeny of South Asian softshell turtles (Reptilia: Trionychidae: Aspideretes, Nilssonia). Zoologica scripta, 36 (4): 301–310. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00282.x>.
  430. Praschag, P., Schmidt, C., Fritzsch, G., Müller, A., Gemel, R. & Fritz, U. (2006) Geoemyda silvatica, an enigmatic turtle of the Geoemydidae (Reptilia: Testudines), represents a distinct genus. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, 6: 151–162. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ode.2006.05.001>.
  431. Pritchard, P. C. H. (1967) Living turtles of the world. Jersey City (T.F.H. Publications): 1–288.
  432. Pritchard, P. C. H. (1975) Directory of turtle genera. Chelonia, 2 (5): 10–29.
  433. Pritchard, P. C. H. (1979) Encyclopedia of turtles. Neptune (T.F.H. Publications): 1–895.
  434. Rafinesque, C. (1814) Podrono [sic] d’Erpetologia Siciliana. Specchio delle Scienze o giornale Enciclopedico di Sicilia, 2 (9): 65–67 + 102–104.
  435. Rafinesque, C. S. (1815) Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l’univers et des corps organisés. Palerme (Jean Barravecchia): 1–224, 1 pl. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.106607>.
  436. Rafinesque, C. S. (1817) Tracts. In: C. S. Rafinesque, Florula Ludoviviana; or Flora of the State of Louisiana, New York (C. Wiley and Co.): 166–172.
  437. Rafinesque, C. S. (1822) [23 May] On the turtles of the United States. Kentucky Gazette, (n.s. 1), 36 (21): 3.
  438. Rafinesque, C. S. (1832) Description of two new genera of soft shell turtles of North America. Atlantic Journal and Friend of Knowledge, 1 (2): 64–65.
  439. Ramsay, E. P. (1886) On a new genus and species of fresh water tortoise from the Fly River, New Guinea. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of the New South Wales, (2), 1 (1): 158–162, pl. 3–6. [See errata (Anonymous 1887)]. [Published on 25 May 1886; see cover of issue 1].
  440. Ranzani, C. (1832) De testudine coriacea marina. Bononiae (officina Emygdii ab ulmo et Iosephi Tiocchi): 1–11, pl. 4.
  441. Rathke, H. (1846) On the development of the Chelonians. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (1), 18 (120): 316–323. [Published on 1 November 1846]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/037454809496592>.
  442. Regan, C. T. (1915) Reptilia and Batrachia. The zoological Record, 50: 1–31.
  443. Rhodin, A. G. J. & Carr, J. L. (2009) A quarter millenium of uses and misuses of the turtle name Testudo scabra: Identification of the type specimens of T. scabra Linnaeus 1758 (= Rhinoclemmys punctularia) and T. scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792 (= Trachemys scripta scripta). Zootaxa, 2226: 1–18. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2226.1.1>.
  444. Rhodin, A. G. J., Iverson, J. B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H. B. & Van Dijk, P. P. (2017) Turtles of the World: annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. 8th edition. Chelonian Research Monographs, 7: 1–292. <https://doi.org/10.3854/crm.7.checklist.atlas.v8.2017>.
  445. Rhodin, A. G. J., Iverson, J. B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H. B. & Van Dijk, P. P. (2021) Turtles of the World: annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. 9th edition. Chelonian Research Monographs, 8: i–x + 1–472. <https://doi.org/10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021>.
  446. Rhodin, A. G. J. & Mittermeier, R. A. (1976) Chelodina parkeri, a new species of chelid turtle from New Guinea, with a discussion of Chelodina siebenrocki Werner, 1901. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology, 147 (11): 465–488.
  447. Rhodin, A. G. J., Thomson, S., Georgalis, G. L., Karl, H.-V., Danilov, I. G., Takahashi, A., Fuente, M. S. de la, Bourque, J. R., Delfino, M., Bour, R., Iverson, J. B., Shaffer, H. B. & Van Dijk, P. P. (2015) Turtles and tortoises of the world during the rise and global spread of humanity: first checklist and review of extinct Pleistocene and Holocene chelonians. Chelonian Research Monographs, 5: 1–66. <https://doi.org/10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v1.2008>.
  448. Rhodin, A. G. J., Van Dijk, P. P., Iverson, J. B. & Shaffer, H. B. (2010) Turtles of the world, 2010 update: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. Chelonian Research Monographs, 5: 85–164. <https://doi.org/10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010>.
  449. Rhodin, A. G. J., Van Dijk, P. P. & Parham, J. F. (2008) Turtles of the World: annotated checklist of taxonomy and synonymy. Chelonian Research Monographs, 5: 1–15. <https://doi.org/10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v1.2008>.
  450. Richter, W. (1961) Reisebericht über eine Reise in den Südwest- und Südost-Iran 1956. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, 76: 1–13. [Published on 24 October 1961].
  451. Risso, A. (1826) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l’Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes. Paris (F. G. Levrault), 3: i–xvi + 1–480, pl. 1–16. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.58984>.
  452. Ritgen, F. A. (1828) Versuch einer natürlichen Eintheilung der Amphibien. Nova Acta physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum, 14 (1): 245–284.
  453. Robineau-Desvoidy, [A.] (1847) Myodaires des environs de Paris (suite). Annales de la Société entomologique de France, (2), 5: 591–617.
  454. Romer, A. S. (1956) Osteology of the Reptiles. Chicago (University of Chicago Press): i–xxi + 1–772.
  455. Romer, A. S. (1966) Vertebrate paleontology. Third edition. Chicago & London (University of Chicago Press): i–ix + 1–468.
  456. Rothschild, W. (1903) Description of a new species of gigantic land tortoise from Indefatigable Island. Novitates zoologicae, 10 (1): 119. [Published on 20 April 1903].
  457. Rouot, S. (2024) Jagannathan “Viji” Vijaya and the forest cane turtle (Vijayachelys silvatica, Henderson 1912). Bibliotheca herpetologica, 18 (9): 88–97.
  458. Savage, J. M. (1953) Remarks on the Indo-chinese turtle Annamemys merkleni; with special reference to the status of Cyclemys annamensis. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (12), 6: 468–472. [Published on 1 June 1953]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935308654445>.
  459. Sawyer, F. C. (1953) The dates of issue of J. E. Gray’s “Illustrations of Indian Zoology” (London, 1830–1835). Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of natural History, 3 (1): 48–55. <https://doi.org/10.3366/jsbnh.1953.3.Part_1.48>.
  460. Say, T. (1825) On the fresh water and land tortoises of the United States. Journal of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 4 (2): 203–219. [Published in January 1825; see Nolan (1913: viii)]
  461. Schaum, H. R. (1848) Verzeichnis der Lamellicornia Melitophila. Stettin : 1–74. [Not seen].
  462. Schinz, H. R. (1822) Das Thierreich eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschichte und der vergleichenden Anatomie von dem Herrn Ritter von Cuvier. Zweiter Band. Reptilien, Fische, Weichthiere, Ringelwürmer. Stuttgart & Tübingen (J. G. Cotta): i–xvi + 1–835.
  463. Schlegel, H. & Müller, S. (1840) Over de Schildpadden van den Indischen Archipel, en beschrijving eener nieuwe soort van Sumatra. In: C. J. Temminck (ed.), Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, door de Leben der Natuurkundige commissie in Indië en andere Schrijvers. Zoologie. Leiden (Luchtmans & Van der Hoek), 3: pl. 4. [Published on 24 April 1840; see Husson & Holthuis (1955)].
  464. Schlegel, H. & Müller, S. (1845) Over de Schildpadden van den Indischen Archipel, en beschrijving eener nieuwe soort van Sumatra. In: C. J. Temminck (ed.), Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, door de Leben der Natuurkundige commissie in Indië en andere Schrijvers. Zoologie. Leiden (Luchtmans & Van der Hoek), 3: 29–36. [Published on 26 June 1845; see Husson & Holthuis (1955)].
  465. Schmidt, K. P. (1928) Amphibians and land Reptiles of Porto Rico, with a list of those reported from the Virgin Islands. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, New York, 10 (1): 1–160, pl. 1–4. [Published on 22 November 1928].
  466. Schneider, J. G. (1783) Allgemeine Naturgeschichte der Schildkröten, nebst einem systematischen Verzeichnisse der einzelnen Arten und Zwei Kupfern. Leipzig (J. G. Müller): i–xlviii + 1–364. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5788>.
  467. Schneider, J. G. (1791) Beschreibung und Abbildung einer neun Art von Wasserschildkröte nebst Bestimmungen einiger bisher wenig bekannten fremden Arten. Schriften der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 10 (3): 259–270 + 279–284, pl. 7. [Published in 1791; see date of issue 10 (3); the complete volume was published in 1792]. <https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112429884-026>.
  468. Schoepff, J. D. (1792–1801) Historia Testudinum iconibus illustrata. Erlangae (I. I. Palm): i–xii + 1–136, pl. 1–31. [1792: 1–32, pl. 1–10; 1793: 33–80, pl. 11–16, 18–20; 1795: 81–112, pl. 17, 21–25; 1801: 113–160, pl. 26–31; see Engelmann (1846: 423)].
  469. Schulze, F. E., Kukenthal, W. & Heider, K. (1926) Nomenclator animalium generum et subgenerum. Berlin (Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften), 1: 1–476 + i–cccxliv. [Not seen].
  470. Schweigger, [A. F.] (1812) Prodromus Monographiae Cheloniorum. Königsberger Archiv für Naturwissenschaft und Mathematik, 1: 271–368 + 406–462.
  471. Sclater, P. L. (1858) Bibliographical notice. Contribution to the natural history of the United States of America by Louis Agassiz. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (3), 1: 289–294. [Published on 1 April 1858]. <https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935808696915>.
  472. Scudder, S. H. (1884) Nomenclator zoologicus. II. Universal index to genera in zoology. Complete list of generic names employed in zoology and paleontology to the close of the year 1879, as contained in the nomenclators of Agassiz, Marschall, and Scudder, and in the zoological record. Bulletin of the United States national Museum, 19: 1–340. [Published in 1884 according to Mayor (1919: 96)].
  473. Seddon, J. M., Georges, A., Baverstock, P. R. & McCord, W. (1997) Phylogenetic relationships of chelid turtles (Pleurodira: Chelidae) based on mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene sequence variation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 7 (1): 55–61. <https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1996.0372>.
  474. Seidel, M. E. & Ernst, C. H. (2012) Trachemys. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 891: 1–17. [Published on 30 April 2012].
  475. Sharma, R. C. (1998) Fauna of India. Reptilia. Testudines and crocodilians. Kolkota (Zoological Survey of India), 1: i–xvi + 1–196. [Published in March 1998].
  476. Shaw, G. (1794) Zoology of New Holland. London (J. Davis), 1: 1–33, 12 pl. <https://doi.org/10.5962/p.312547>.
  477. Shaw, G. (1802) General zoology or systematic natural history. Volume 3, part 1. Amphibia. London (G. Kearsley): i–viii + 1–312, pl. 1–86.
  478. Shea, G., Thomson, S. & Georges, A. (2020) The identity of Chelodina oblonga Gray 1841 (Testudines, Chelidae) reassessed. Zootaxa, 4779 (3): 419–437. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4779.3.9>.
  479. Sherborn, C. D. (1922) Index animalium sive index nominum quae ab A.D. MDCCLVIII generibus et speciebus animalium imposita sunt. London (British Museum), 2 (1): i–cxxx + 1–128.
  480. Sherborn, C. D. (1931) Index animalium sive index nominum quae ab A.D. MDCCLVIII generibus et speciebus animalium imposita sunt. London (British Museum), 2 (25): 6119–6358. [Published in March 1931].
  481. Shufeldt, R. W. (1919) Observation on the chelonians of North America. IV. Aquatic Life, ‘September 1918’, 8: 155–157. [Published in August 1919; see Dunn 1920].
  482. Siebenrock, F. (1901) Beschreibung einer neuen Schildkrötengattung aus der Familie Chelydidae von Australien: Pseudemydura. Anzeiger der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 38 (22): 248–250. [Published on 7 November 1901].
  483. Siebenrock, F. (1902) Über zwei seltene Schildkröten der herpetologischen Sammlung des Wiener Museums. Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 39 (2): 11–13.
  484. Siebenrock, F. (1903a) Schildkröten des östlichen Hinterindien. Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 112 (1): 333–352, pl. 1–2.
  485. Siebenrock, F. (1903b) Über zwei seltene und eine neue Schildkröte des Berliner Museums. Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 112 (1): 439–445, 1 pl.
  486. Siebenrock, F. (1906) Zur Kenntnis der Schildkrötenfauna der Insel Hainan. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 30: 578–586.
  487. Siebenrock, F. (1914) Eine neue Chelodina-Art aus Westaustralien. Anzeiger der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, (Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse), 51 (18): 386–387.
  488. Simpson, G. G. (1940) Types in modern taxonomy. American Journal of Science, 238: 413–431. <https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.238.6.413>.
  489. Simpson, G. G. (1943) Turtles and the origin of the fauna of Latin America. American Journal of Science, (n. s.), 241 (7): 413–429. <https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.241.7.413>.
  490. Slevin, J. R (1934) A handbook of Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific states including certain eastern species. San Francisco (California Academy of Science): 1–73.
  491. Smith, A. (1838–1849) Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa, consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa in the years 1834, 1835 and 1836; fitted out by “the Cape of Good Hope Association for exploring Central Africa”. Reptilia. London (Elder & Co.): [1–2] + [1–188], pl. 1–78 + 1–28. [For publication dates; see Ulber (1999)]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.120414>.
  492. Smith, H. M. (1963) Amyda Fitzinger, 1843 (Reptilia, Testudines): proposed suppression under the Plenary Powers. Z.N.(S.) 229. Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 20 (2): 121–127. [Published on 11 April 1963]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.6595>.
  493. Smith, H. M. & Grant, C. (1958) The proper names for some cuban snakes: an analysis of dates of publication of Ramon de la Sagra’s Historia natural de Cuba, and of Fitzinger’ Systema Reptilium. Herpetologica, 14 : 215–222.
  494. Smith, H. M. & Pérez-Higareda, G. (1986) Nomenclatural name-forms. Systematic Zoology, 35 (3): 421–422. <https://doi.org/10.2307/2413392>.
  495. Smith, H. M. & Smith, P. W. (1963) Amyda Fitzinger, 1843 (Reptilia, Testudines): proposed suppression under the Plenary Powers Z.N. (S.) 229. Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 20 (2):121–127. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.6595>.
  496. Smith, H. M., Smith, R. B. & Sawin, H. L. (1974) The generic name of the neotropical semiterrestrial emydine turtles. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 77 (4): 211–218. <https://doi.org/10.2307/3627091>.
  497. Smith, M. (1916) A list of the crocodiles, tortoises, turtles and lizards at present known to inhabit Siam. Journal of the natural History Society of Siam, 2 (1): 48–57. [Published in June 1916].
  498. Smith, M. A. (1930a) Amphibia and Reptilia. Zoological Record, 66: 1–30–? [Not seen].
  499. Smith, M. A. (1930b) The Reptilia and Amphibia of the Malay Peninsula. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 3: i–xviii + 1–135. [Published in April 1930 see Low & Tan 2009]
  500. Smith, M. A. (1931) The fauna of British India, including Ceylan and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. 1. Loricata, Testudines. London (Taylor & Francis): i–xxviii + 1–185, pl. 1–2, 1 map. [Published in March 1931]. <https://doi.org/10.2307/1436417>.
  501. Sonnini, C. S. & Latreille, P. A. (1801) [An X] Histoire naturelle des Reptiles, avec figures dessinées d’après nature. Tome 1. Première partie. Quadrupèdes et bipèdes ovipares. Paris (Deterville): i–xxii + 1–280, 14 pl. [See Avertissement (: i) for authors of each part]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4688>.
  502. Spinks, P. Q., Georges, A. & Shaffer, H. B. (2015) Phylogenetic uncertainty and taxonomic re-revisions: an example from the Australian short-necked turtles (Testudines: Chelidae). Copeia, 103 (3): 536–540. <https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-14-147>.
  503. Spix, J. B. de (1824) Animalia nova sive species novae Testidunum et Ranarum quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII–MDCCCXX. Monachii (Hübschmanni): [i–ii] + 1–53 + errata, pl. 1–22. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.63182>.
  504. Stearn, W. T. (1956) Mikan’s Delectus florae et faunae brasiliensis. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of natural History, 3 (3): 135–136. <https://doi.org/10.3366/jsbnh.1956.3.3.135>.
  505. Stejneger, L. H. (1902) Some generic names of turtles. Proceedings of the biological Society of Washington, 15: 235–238.
  506. Stejneger, L. (1907) Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory. Bulletin of the United States national Museum, 58 : i–xx + 1–577, pl. 1. <https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.58.i>.
  507. Stejneger, L. H. (1909) Generic names of chelyid turtles. Proceedings of the biological Society of Washington, 22: 125–128.
  508. Stejneger, L. (1944) Notes on the American soft-shelled turtles with special reference to Amyda agassizii. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology, 94 (1): 1–75, pl. 1–30. [Published in May 1944].
  509. Stejneger, L. & Barbour, T. (1917) A check list of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Cambridge (Harvard University Press) : i–iv + 5–125. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.29468>.
  510. Strauch, A. (1862) Chelonologische Studien, mit besonderer Beziehung auf die Schildkrötensammlung der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St.-Petersburg. Mémoires de l’Académie impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg, (7), 5 (7): 1–196, 1 pl. [Published in December 1862].
  511. Suckow, G. A. (1798) Anfangsgründe der theoretischen und angewabdten Naturgeschichte der Thiere. Dritter Theil. Von den Amphibia. Leipzig (Weidmann): [i] + 1–298. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.62582>.
  512. Sumichrast, F. (1873) Coup d’œil sur la distribution géographique des Reptiles au Mexique. Archives des Sciences physiques et naturelles, 46: 233–250.
  513. Sumichrast, F. (1881) Contribution à l’histoire naturelle du Mexique. I. Notes sur une collection de Reptiles et de Batraciens de la partie occidentale de l’Isthme de Tehuantepec. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France, 5 (5–6): 162–190. [Published on 25 March 1881].
  514. Sumichrast, F. (1882a) Contribución a la historia natural de Mexico. I. Notas acerca de una colección de reptiles y batracios de la parte occidental del Istmo de Tehuantepec. La Naturaleza, 5: 268–293. [Published in 1882].
  515. Sumichrast, F. (1882b) Enumeracion de las especies de Reptiles observados en la parte meridional de la República mexicana. La Naturaleza, 6 (2–3): 31–45. [Published in 1882].
  516. Swinhoe, R. (1863) A list of the Formosan Reptiles; with notes on a few of the species, and some remarks. Annals and Magazine of natural History, (3), 12: 219–226. [Published on 1 September 1863].
  517. Taylor, E. H. (1920) Philippines turtles. The Philippine Journal of Science, 16 (2): 111–144, pl. 1–7. [Published on 29 May 1920]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.4748>.
  518. Taylor, E. H. (1970) The turtles and crocodiles of Thailand and adjacent waters. The University of Kansas, Science Bulletin, 49 (3): 87–179. [Published on 12 November 1970]. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9198>.
  519. Taylor, W. E. (1895) The box tortoises of North America. Proceedings of the United States national Museum, 17 (1019): 573–588. [Published on 11 May 1895]. <https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.17-1019.573>.
  520. Theobald, W. (1876) Descriptive catalogue of the Reptiles of British India. Calcutta (Thacker, Spink & Co.): i–x + 1–238 + i–xviii + i–xiii, 6 pl. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5483>.
  521. Thomson, S. A. (2000) A revision of the fossil chelid turtles (Pleurodira) described by C.W. De Vis, 1897. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 45 (2): 593–598. [Published on 30 June 2000].
  522. Thomson, S., Amepou, Y., Anamiato, J. & Georges, A. (2015) A new species and subgenus of Elseya (Testudines: Pleurodira: Chelidae) from New Guinea. Zootaxa, 4006 (1): 59–82. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4006.1.3>.
  523. Thomson, S. & Georges, A. (2009) Myuchelys gen. nov. ‒ a new genus for Elseya latisternum and related forms of Australian freshwater turtle (Testudines: Pleurodira: Chelidae). Zootaxa, 2053: 32–42. <https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2053.1.2>.
  524. Thomson, S., Georges, A. & Limpus, C. J. (2006) A new species of freshwater turtle in the genus Elseya (Testudines: Chelidae) from central coastal Queensland, Australia. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 5 (1): 74–86. [Published in May 2006]. <https://doi.org/10.2744/1071-8443(2006)5[74:ANSOFT]2.0.CO;2>.
  525. Thunberg, C. P. (1787) Beskrifning på Trenne Skòld-paddor. Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens nya Handlingar, (2), 8: 178–180, pl. 7.
  526. Tirant, [G.] (1884) Notes sur les Reptiles de la Cochinchine et du Cambodge. Excursions et Reconnaissances, 8 (19): 147–168.
  527. Tornier, G. (1896) Reptilien und Amphibien (Kriechthiere). In: K. Möbius, Die Thierwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete, Wirbelthiere, Berlin (Dietrich Reimer), 3: i–xiii + 1–164, pl. 1–5.
  528. Troschel, F. H. (1848) Amphibien. In: R. Schomburgk (ed.), Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840–44, Im Auftrage Sr. Majestät des Königs von Preussen ausgeführt, Theil 3, Versuch einer Zusammenstellung der Fauna und flora von Britisch-Guiana, Leipzig (J. J. Weber): 645–661.
  529. Tschudi, J. J. von (1846) Herpetologie. In: J. J. von Tschudi, Untersuchunden über die Fauna peruana, St Gallen (Scheitlin und Zollikofer): 1–80, pl. 1–12. [Published in 1846 according to Sherborn (1922: cxxiv)].
  530. Tucker, J. K., Paukstis, G. L. & Janzen, F. J. (2001) Interspecific variation in egg and hatchling size in four sympatric chelonians: influence of the hydric environment of incubation. Bulletin of the Maryland herpetological Society, 37 (3): 83–100.
  531. Ulber, T. (1996) Editorial note. In: J. E. Gray, A synopsis of the species of the class Reptilia [reprint edition], Bredell (Herprint international): i–xx. [Not seen].
  532. Ulber, T. M. (1999) Sir Andrew Smith’s “Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa”. An annotated table of contents for the “Reptilia” volume. Smithsonian herpetological Information Service, 120: 1–17. <https://doi.org/10.5479/si.23317515.120.1>.
  533. Vaillant, L. (1885) Sur une tortue terrestre d’espèce nouvelle, rapportée par M. Humblot au Muséum d’Histoire naturelle. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences, 101 (6): 440–441.
  534. Van Denburgh, J. (1907) Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Galapagos Islands, 1905–1906. I. Preliminary descriptions of four new races of gigantic land tortoises from the Galapagos Island. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, (4), 1: 1–6. [Published on 20 December 1907].
  535. Van der Kuyl, A. C., Ballasina, D. L. P., Dekker, J. T., Maas, J., Willemsen, R. E. & Goudsmit, J. (2002) Phylogenetic relationships among the species of the genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae) inferred from mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 22 (2): 174–183. <https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2001.1052>.
  536. Van Dijk, P. P., Iverson, J. B., Rhodin, A. G. J., Shaffer, H. B. & Bour, R. (2014) Turtles of the World, 7th edition: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution with maps, and conservation status. Chelonian Research Monograph, 5: 329–479. <https://doi.org/10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014>.
  537. Van Dijk, P. P., Iverson, J. B., Shaffer, H. B., Bour, R. & Rhodin, A. G. J. (2012) Turtles of the World, 2012 update: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. Chelonian Research Monograph, 5: 243–328. <https://doi.org/10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v5.2012>.
  538. Vandellius, D. (1761) Epistola de Holothurio, et Testudine coriacea ad celeberrimum Carolum Linnaeum Equitem Naturae Curiosum Dioscorcidem II. Patavii [Padova] (Conzatti): 1–12, pl. 1–2.
  539. Velasco, A. L. (1892) Geografia y estadistica del estado de Guerrero. In: Geografia y estadistica de la Republica Mexicana, Mexico (Secretaria de Fomento), 10: 1–248.
  540. Vetter, H. & Van Dijk, P. P. (2006) Turtles of the world. Volume 4. East and South Asia. Frankfurt am Main (Edition Chimaira): 1–160.
  541. Vlachos, E. (2015) Forming taxon names from Greek words. Bionomina, 9: 1–26. <https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.9.1.1>.
  542. Vogt, T. (1922) Zur Reptilien- und Amphibienfauna Südchinas. Archiv für Naturgeschischte, (A), 88 (10): 135–146.
  543. Vuillemin, S. (1972) Note sur Madakinixys domerguei n. gen. n. sp. (Testudinidae). Annales de l’Université de Madagascar, Sciences de la Nature et Mathématiques, 9: 169–181.
  544. Vuillemin, S. & Domergue, C. (1972) Contribution à l’étude de la faune de Madagascar: description de Pyxoides brygooi n. gen. n. sp. (Testudinidae). Annales de l’Université de Madagascar, Sciences de la Nature et Mathématiques, 9: 193–200.
  545. Wagler, J. (1821) Die Amphibien. [Lieferung 1]. Nürnberg (J. B. Geyer): 1–12, 6 pl.
  546. Wagler, [J.] (1828) Vorläufige Uebersicht des Gerüstes, so wie Ankündigung seines Systema Amphibiorum. Isis von Oken, 21: 859–863.
  547. Wagler, J. (1829) Descriptiones et icones Amphibiorum. Monachii, Stuttgartiae et Tubingae (J. G. Cotttae): [1–26], pl. 13–24.
  548. Wagler, J. (1830) Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Säugethiere und Vögel. München, Stuttgart & Tübingen (Cotta): i–vi + 1–354 + [1–2], pl. 1–7. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.108661>.
  549. Walbaum, J. J. (1782) Chelonographia oder Beschreibung einiger Schildkröten nach naturlichen Urbildern. Lübeck & Leipzig (J. F. Gleditsch): [i–vi] + 1–132, 1 pl. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5119>.
  550. Waterhouse, C. O. (1902) Index zoologicus. An alphabetical list of names of genera and subgenera proposed for use in zoology as recorded in the “Zoological Record” 1880–1900 together with other names not included in the “Nomenclator zoologicus” of S. H. Scudder. London (Zoological Society of London): i–xii + 1–421.
  551. Webb, R. G. (1990) Trionyx. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 487: 1–7.
  552. Webb, R. G. (1993) Emys Duméril, 1806 (Reptilia, Testudines): proposed conservation. Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 50 (3): 224–227. <https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.1854>.
  553. Weems, R. E. (1988) Paleocene turtles from the Aquia and Brightseat formations, with a discussion of their bearing on sea turtle evolution and phylogeny. Proceedings of the biological Society of Washington, 101 (1): 109–145.
  554. Wells, R. W. (2007) Some taxonomic and nomenclatural considerations on the Class Reptilia in Australia. A new genus of the family Chelidae from Eastern Australia. Australian Biodiversity Record, 2007 (3): 1–12.
  555. Wells, R. W. & Wellington, C. R. (1985) A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology, (suppl.), 1: 1–61.
  556. Wermuth, H. (1956) Versuch der Deutung einiger bischer übersehener Schildkröten-Namen. Zoologische Beiträge, (N.F.), 2 (2–3): 399–423.
  557. Wermuth, H. & Mertens, R. (1961) Schildkröten, Krokodile, Brückenechsen. Jena (Gustav Fischer Verlag): i–xxvi + 1–422.
  558. Wermuth, H. & Mertens, R. (1977) Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien. Testudines, Crocodylia, Rhynchocephalia. Das Tierreich, 100: i–xxvii + 1–174.
  559. Werner, F. (1895) Ueber sekundäre Geschlechtsunterschiede bei Reptilien. Biologisches Centralblatt, 15 (4): 125–140. [Published on 15 February 1895].
  560. Werner, F. (1901) Neue Reptilien des Könisberger zoologischen Museums. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 24 (643): 297–301. [Published on 13 May 1901].
  561. Wetmore, A. (1925) Dates of publication of Mikan’s Flora and Fauna of Brazil. The Auk, 42 (2): 283–284. <https://doi.org/10.2307/4074211>.
  562. Wharton, C. H. & Howard, J. D. (1971) Range extensions for Georgia Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Review, 3 (4): 73–74.
  563. Wiegmann, A. F. A. (1828) Beiträge zur Amphibienkunde. Isis von Oken, 21 (3): 364–383.
  564. Wiegmann, A. F. A. (1834) Amphibien. In: F. J. F. Meyen (ed.), Reise um die Erde ausgeführt auf dem königlich preussischen Seehandlungs-Schiffe Prinzess Louise, commandirt von Captain W. Wendt, in den Jahren 1830, 1831 und 1832, Dritter Theil, Zoologisher Bericht, Berlin (Sanderschen Buchhandlung, C. W. Eichhoff): 433–522, pl. 52–61.
  565. Williams, E. E. (1950a) Variation and selection in the cervical central articulations of living turtles. Bulletin of the American Museum of natural History, 94 (9): 505–561. [Published on 24 March 1950].
  566. Williams, E. [E.] (1950b) Testudo cubensis and the evolution of western hemisphere tortoises. Bulletin of the American Museum of natural History, 95 (1): 1–36, pl. 1–8. [Published on 30 March 1950].
  567. Williams, E. [E.] (1952) A new fossil tortoise from Mona Island, West Indies, and a tentative arrangement of the tortoises of the world. Bulletin of the American Museum of natural History, 99 (9): 545–560, pl. 44–47. [Published on 10 November 1952].
  568. Wilms, T. (1999) Siebenrocks Synopsis der rezenten Schildkröten mit Berücksichtigung der in historischer Zeit ausgestorbenen Arten – eine aktualisierte Nomenklatur. In: F. Siebenrock, Synopsis der rezenten Schildkröten mit Berücksichtigung der in historischer Zeit ausgestorbenen Arten. Reprint 1999. Frankfurt am Main (Chimaira): 197–205. [Not seen].
  569. Winokur, R. M. (1982) Erectile tissue and smooth muscle in snouts of Carettochelys insculpta, trionchids [sic] and other Chelonia. Zoomorphology, 101: 83–93. <https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00312016>.
  570. Wussow, W. (1916) Meine Erfahrungen mit Testudo horsfieldi. Wochenschrift für Aquarien-Terrarienkunde, 13: 169–172.
  571. Zhao, E. Jiang, Y., Huang, Q., Hu, S., Fei, L. & Ye, C. (1998) Latin-Chinese-English names of amphibians and reptiles. Beijing (Science Press): i–v + 1–329.
  572. Zhao, K. (1997) Studies on the classification of Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Trionychidae). In: E. Zhao (ed.), Chinese Chelonian Research, Herpetological Series, 9, Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 15 (suppl.): 55–64.
  573. Zhao, X. (1986) Geochlone impressa (Guenther) discovered from Shaoyang, Hunan. Acta herpetologica sinica, (2), 5 (4): 313. [Published on 5 November 1986]. <https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02488474>.
  574. Zhou, G., Zhang, X. & Fang, Z. (1991) 鳖属一新种研究初报. Bulletin [sic] of a new species of Trionyx. Acta scientiarium naturalium Universitatis normalis hunanensis, 14 (4): 379–382. [In Chinese, with English abstract]. [Published in December 1991].
  575. Zhou, J. & Zhou, T. (1991) Chinese chelonians illustrated. Nanjing (Jiangsu Science & Technology Publishing House): i–viii + 1–89.
  576. Zhou, T. (2006) Distribution of Chinese chelonians. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 25 (2): 272–276. [In Chinese].
  577. Zug, G. R. (1986) Sternotherus. Catalogue of the American Amphibians and Reptiles, 397: 1–3.