Abstract
Bolboceratidae is a large family of about 600 species (e.g., Schoolmeesters 2019), in the superfamily Scarabaeoidea. Currently, it includes two subfamilies, Athyreinae and Bolboceratinae (e.g., Scholtz & Grebennikov 2016; Nikolajev et al. 2016). The Athyreinae includes five genera and about 130 species from the Afrotropical, Neotropical, Oriental and Palearctic regions (e.g., Schoolmeesters 2019). The genus Pseudoathyreus Howden & Martínez, 1963 contains nine species occurring in Africa and Asia (e.g., Carpaneto et al. 2000; Schoolmeesters 2019). Little is known about the biology of Athyreinae (Scholtz & Grebennikov 2016). Immature stages of this group remain unknown (Grebennikov & Scholtz 2004).
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