Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 38 No. 2: March to May 2023
Type: Article
Published: 2023-03-30
DOI: 10.12976/jib/2023.38.2.1
Page range: 24–36
Abstract views: 355
PDF downloaded: 10

Molecular and morphological studies on the genus Pseudococcus Westwood (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) in Turkey

Biotechnology Application and Research Centre, Çukurova University, Balcalı, Adana, Turkey
Yüzüncü Yıl University, Agriculture Faculty, Plant Protection Department, Van, Turkey
Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Sultanhisar Vocational School, Program of Plant Production, Aydın, Turkey
Sección Entomología, Instituto Biología, Facultad De Ciencias; Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
Mealybugs Pseudococcinae Pseudococcini scale insects

Abstract

Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) include economically important insect pests worldwide. Pseudococcus Westwood is the second biggest genus in Pseudococcidae, with several pest species. Pseudococcus adult females were collected and identified from wild and cultivated plants in Turkey. Molecular and morphological characters were analyzed to investigate the relationship among species. It was recognized that Pseudoccoccus species are shown in three distinctive groups concerning to both morphological and molecular aspects.

References

  1. Beltrà A., Soto A. & Malausa T. 2012. Molecular and morphological characterisation of Pseudococcidae surveyed on crops and ornamental plants in Spain. Bulletin of entomological research 101: 165–172.
  2. Choi J. & Lee S. 2022. Higher classification of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) inferred from molecular phylogeny and their endosymbionts. Systematic Entomology 47: 354–370.
  3. Cox J. M. & Pearce M. J. 1983. Wax produced by dermal pores in three species of mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 12: 235–248.
  4. Downie D. A. & Gullan P. J. 2004. Phylogenetic analysis of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) based on DNA sequences from three nuclear genes, and a review of the higher classification. Systematic Entomology 29: 238–259.
  5. Edgar R. C. 2004. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research 32: 1792–1797.
  6. Folmer O., Black M., Hoeh W., Lutz R. & Vrijenhoek R. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3: 294–299.
  7. Franco J. C., Zada A. & Mendel Z. 2009. Novel Approaches for the Management of Mealybug Pests, pp. 233–278. In: Ishaaya, I. & Horowitz, A. (Eds) Biorational Control of Arthropod Pests. Springer, Dordrecht, 408 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2316-2.
  8. García Morales M., Denno B. D, Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B. 2016. ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database 2016 (2016): bav118. https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bav118
  9. Gimpel W. F. & Miller D. R. 1996. Systematic analysis of the mealybugs in the Pseudococcus maritimus complex (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Contributions on Entomology, International 2: 1–163.
  10. Hardy N. B., Gullan P. J. & Hodgson C. J. 2008. A subfamily-level classification of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) based on integrated molecular and morphological data. Systematic Entomology 33: 51–71.
  11. Hodgson C. 2012. Comparison of the morphology of the adult males of the Rhizoecine, Phenacoccine and Pseudococcine mealybugs (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea), with the recognition of the family Rhizoecidae Williams. Zootaxa 3291(1): 1–79. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3291.1.1
  12. Kaydan M. B., Kozár F. & Hodgson C. 2015. A review of the phylogeny of Palaearctic mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae). Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 73: 175–195.
  13. Kondo T. & Watson G. W. 2022. Chapter 2. A list of scale insect agricultural pests, pp. 8‒26. In: Kondo, T. & Watson, G.W. (Eds), Encyclopedia of Scale Insect Pests. CABI, Wallingford, 608 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781800620643.0002
  14. Kosztarab M. & Kozár F. 1988. Scale Insects of Central Europe. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 456 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4045-1
  15. Malausa T., Fenis A., Warot S., Germain J. F., Ris N., Prado E., Botton M., Vanlerberghe-Masutti F., Sforza R., Cruaud C., Couloux A. & Kreiter P. 2011. DNA markers to disentangle complexes of cryptic taxa in mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Journal of Applied Entomology135: 142–155.
  16. McKenzie H. L. 1967. Mealybugs of California with taxonomy, biology, and control of North American species (Homoptera: Cooccoidea: Pseudococcidae). University California Press, Berkeley, 582 pp. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520338227
  17. Miller D. R. 1991. Superfamily Coccoidea. Immature Insects, Vol. 2 (ed. by F.W. Stehr), pp. 90–107. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, IA.
  18. Pacheco da Silva V. C., Kaydan M. B., Malausa T., Germain J. F., Palero F. & Botton M. 2017. Integrative taxonomy methods reveal high mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) diversity in southern Brazilian fruit crops. Scientific Reports 7: 15741.
  19. Park D. S., Suh S. J., Hebert P. D., Oh H. W. & Hong K. J. 2011. DNA barcodes for two scale insect families, mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 101(4): 429–434. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485310000714
  20. Sequeira A. S., Normark B. B. & Farrell B. D. 2000. Evolutionary assembly of the conifer fauna: distinguishing ancient from recent associations in bark beetles. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 267(1460): 2359–2366.
  21. Wakigari W. M. & Giliomee J. H. 2005. Description of adult and immature females of six mealybug species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) found on citrus in South Africa. African Entomology 13(2): 281–332.
  22. Williams D. J. 2004. Mealybugs of southern Asia. The Natural History Museum/Southdene, Kuala Lumpur, 896 pp.
  23. Williams D. J. & Miller D. R. 1985. Phenacoccus avenae Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from the Netherlands and Turkey, intercepted at quarantine on bulbs, corms and rhizomes of ornamental plants. Bulletin of Entomological Research 75: 671–674.
  24. Williams D. J. & Granara de Willink M. C. 1992. Mealybugs of Central and South America. CAB International, Wallingford, 635 pp.