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Issue: Vol. 73 No. 1: 3 Dec. 2025
Type: Article
Published: 2025-12-03
DOI: 10.12976/jib/2025.73.1.2
Page range: 9-36
Abstract views: 23
PDF downloaded: 0

The bee fauna (Hymenoptera, Apidae) and their floral resources in a shrub-tree sand dunes environment in the State of Santa Catarina (Brazil): an island situation?

UFPR—Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Zoology, Curitiba (Paraná), Brazil.
UNIVILLE—Universidade da Região de Joinville, Departament of Biology, Joinville (Santa Catarina), Brazil.
Laguna Trilha do Gravatá Atlantic Forest survey interaction net restinga

Abstract

The Restingas are unique environments, characterized by sandy soils, poor in clay and organic matter, low capacity for retaining water and essential nutrients to maintain the biological composition, found mainly in coastal region of the South America by the Atlantic Ocean. However, this uniqueness is threatened by anthropization, especially to make way for buildings and highways. In this contribution, the bee assemblage and their floral resources in a shrub-arboreal restinga were mesologically monitored, by collecting specimen, over a year in Laguna (Santa Catarina State), using different sampling (or capture) methods. Ecological indices (Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou’s equitability index) and interaction network metrics (connectance, NODF, specialization, robustness, ISA and push-pull) were calculated, and abiotic factors such as temperature and relative humidity were correlated. Fifty-three bee taxa were recorded (with an estimated range of 60 to 72, with a collection efficiency above 70% for all estimators) associated to 36 plant species (including endangered ones) were found. All five subfamilies of bees occurring in Brazil were found, with Apinae showing the greatest richness and abundance. Also, we found a bee species not previously reported for the state of Santa Catarina. Surprisingly, no stingless bee was found. Summer was the season with the highest bee richness and abundance. Apis mellifera Linnaeus 1758 and Callonychium luteimaculatum (Strand 1910) had a significant influence on the bee assemblage. Temperature variation was found to be related to the increase in bee and plant richness. The interaction network showed high connectance, medium specialization, low nestedness, relatively high robustness, a minority of the most influential species, and equilibrated species dependency; organizing in a somewhat generalist manner without marked specializations. The studied bee assemblage is balanced with the botanical community, and this study site should be considered for conservation, given its environmental insularity.

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