Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 2 No. 1: 31 Jan. 2025
Type: Article
Published: 2025-01-31
DOI: 10.11646/jihs.2.1.2
Page range: 15-22
Abstract views: 126
PDF downloaded: 4

Life Cycle of Hadronema militare Uhler (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae)

P.O. Box 249, Wheatland, Wyoming, 82201, USA
True host Orthotylinae univoltine oviposition litter Thermopsis Lupinus

Abstract

Lupine (Lupinus L.) and goldenbanner (Thermopsis R. Br.), herbaceous legumes (Fabaceae) in the subfamily Faboideae, are plants that support the nymphal development of the orthotyline plant bug Hadronema militare Uhler. In Wyoming, H. militare is univoltine, overwinters as eggs, and completes nymphal development, reproduction, and oviposition before mid-summer host senescence. At a mid-elevation (1675 m amsl) study site in 2024, overwintering eggs hatched in late April, coincident with initiation of active growth of the host Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Nutt. ex Richardson. Nymphs developed in the litter under the host throughout May. In mid-May, the first adults were observed in the litter feeding on host plants. Mating began in early June, and oviposition occurred in the host’s stems a few days after mating. Adults persisted at the site until host senescence in early July. The eggs and nymphs are described, and a new state record for Nebraska is provided. Other legume hosts at a low-elevation site in Nebraska (Lupinus argenteus Pursh) and a higher-elevation site in Wyoming (L. argenteus and T. divaricarpa A. Nelson) are noted.

 

References

  1. AMNH. 2024. Occurrence download; https://emu-prod.amnh.org/imulive/iz/iz.html [last accessed 9 September 2024].
  2. Blatchley, W.S. 1926. Heteroptera or True Bugs of Eastern North America, with Especial Reference to the Faunas of Indiana and Florida. Nature Publishing Co., Indianapolis. 1116 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6871
  3. Chen, C. J., M. G. Mendenhall, and B. L. Turner. 1994. Taxonomy of Thermopsis (Fabaceae) in North America. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 81: 714–742. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399917
  4. Church, N. W. and G. H. Gerber. 1977. Observations on the ontogeny and habits of Lytta nuttalli, L. viridana and L. cyanipennis (Coleoptera: Meloidae): The adults and eggs. Canadian Entomologist 109: 565–573. https://doi.org/10.4039/ent109565-4
  5. Crevecoeur, F. F. 1905. Additions to the list of the hemipterous fauna of Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 19: 232–237. https://doi.org/10.2307/3624209
  6. Dement, W. A. and T. J. Mabry. 1975. Biological implications of flavonoid chemistry in Baptisia and Thermopsis. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 3: 91–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(75)90047-2
  7. Distant, W. L. 1883 (1880–1893). Insecta. Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heteroptera. In Godman, F. D. and O. Salvin, eds. Biologia Centrali-Americana Vol 1. Taylor and Francis, London. 462 pp. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/594179
  8. Dorn, R. D. 2001. Vascular Plants of Wyoming. Mountain West Publishing, Cheyenne. 412 pp.
  9. Essig, E. O. 1926. Insects of Western North America. MacMillan Co., New York. 1035 pp. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50799903
  10. Forero, D. 2008. Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Hadronema group (Miridae: Orthotylinae: Orthotylini), with descriptions of new genera and new species, and comments on the Neotropical genus Tupimiris. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 312. 172 pp. https://doi.org/10.1206/312.1
  11. Fox, W. B. 1943. Some insects infesting the “selenium indicator” vetches in Saskatchewan. Canadian Entomologist 75: 206–207. https://doi.org/10.4039/ent75206-11
  12. Frost, S. W. 1945. Insect feeding or breeding on indigo, Baptisia. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 53: 219–225. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50773934
  13. GPRHN. 2024. Great Plains Regional Herbarium Network online specimen database (https://ngpherbaria.org/portal/). Consortium of Northern Great Plains Herbaria [last accessed 1 May 2024].
  14. Harding, D. S. and W. F. Barr. 1970. Insects of Craters of the Moon National Monument Idaho. University of Idaho, College of Agriculture. Miscellaneous Series No. 8. 118 pp. https://npshistory.com/publications/crmo/insects.pdf
  15. Hawkins, S. M., J. M. Ruter, and C. D. Robacker. 2017. Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization in Baptisia and Thermopsis. HortScience 52: 1177–1181. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12039-17
  16. Kaul, R. B., D. M. Sutherland, and S. B. Rolfsmeier. 2011. Flora of Nebraska. University of Nebraska, Lincoln. 967 pp.
  17. Kelton, L. A. 1980. The Plant Bugs of the Prairie Provinces of Canada. Heteroptera: Miridae. The Insects and Arachnids of Canada. Part 8. Agriculture Canada Research Publication No. 1703, Ottawa. 408 pp. https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.811275/publication.html
  18. Khorsand, R. S. and O. Awolaja. 2020. Breeding system and pollination of Thermopsis divaricarpa (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae) in the southern Rocky Mountains. Western North American Naturalist 80: 509–520. https://doi.org/10.3398/064.080.0408
  19. Knight, H. H. 1923. Family Miridae (Capsidae). In Britton, W. E., ed. Guide to the Insects of Connecticut. Part 4. The Hemiptera or Sucking Insects of Connecticut. State of Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin 34: 422–658. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.25945
  20. Maw, H. E. L., R. G. Foottit, K. G. A. Hamilton, and G. G. E. Scudder. 2000. Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario. 220 pp. https://doi.org/10.1139/9780660181653
  21. Olsen, C. E. and L. I. Maspeth. 1913. Long Island capsids. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 8: 48–49. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30322176
  22. Pinto, J. D. 1978. The parasitization of blister beetles by species of Miridae. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 54: 57–60. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/56101908
  23. Polhemus, D. A. 1994. An annotated checklist of the plant bugs of Colorado (Heteroptera: Miridae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 70: 122–147.
  24. Reuter, O. M. 1908. Capsidae Mexicanae a Do. Bilimek collectae in museo i. r. Vindobonensi asservatae. Annalen des Kaiserlich-Konglichen Naturrustorischen Hofmuseums Wien 22: 150–179.
  25. RMH. 2024. Rocky Mountain Herbarium Specimen Database Online (https://rmh.uwyo.edu/data/search.php). University of Wyoming, Department of Biology, Laramie, WY USA [last accessed 1 May 2024].
  26. SCAN. 2024. SCAN Occurrence Download; https://scan-bugs.org/portal/ [last accessed 9 September 2024].
  27. Schuh, R. T. 2002–2013. On-line Systematic Catalog of Plant Bugs (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae). http://research.amnh.org/pbi/catalog
  28. Townsend, C. H. 1892. Biologic notes on New Mexico insects. Canadian Entomologist 24: 193–204. https://doi.org/10.4039/ent24193-8
  29. Turner, B. L. 1967. Plant chemosystematics and phylogeny. Pure and Applied Chemistry 14: 189–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-020741-4.50016-6
  30. Uhler, P. R. 1872. Notices on the Hemiptera of the western territories of the United States, chiefly from the surveys of Dr. F.V. Hayden, pp. 392–423. In F.V. Hayden, ed. Preliminary report of the United States Geological Survey of Montana and portions of adjacent territories. https://doi.org/10.1038/015335c0
  31. USDA. 2024. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA [last accessed 15 November 2024].
  32. Uysal, T., K. Ertuğrul, and M. Bozkurt. 2014. A new genus segregated from Thermopsis (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae): Vuralia. Plant Systematics and Evolution 300: 1627–1637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-0988-x
  33. Wheeler, A. G., Jr. 2016. Liorhyssus hyalinus (F.) (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) in the western United States: New host records, host-plant range, and comments on use of the term “host plant.” Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 118: 115–128. https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.118.1.115
  34. Wheeler, A. G., Jr. 2001. Biology of the Plant Bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) Pests, Predators, Opportunists. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London. 507 pp. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.39-3385
  35. Williams, A. H. 2004. Feeding records of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Wisconsin. Great Lakes Entomologist 37: 16–29. https://doi.org/10.22543/0090-0222.1026