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Type: Articles
Published: 2011-05-30
Page range: 1–17
Abstract views: 71
PDF downloaded: 1

Neotropical Blepolenis butterflies: wing pattern elements, phylogeny, and Pleistocene diversification (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)

Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Dr., New Orleans 70148, USA
Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Dr., New Orleans 70148, USA
Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
Lepidoptera Satyrinae Brassolini Opsiphanes batea DNA sequence

Abstract

This study re-describes and provides a phylogeny for the Brassolini genus Blepolenis, which includes three species from the Brazilian Atlantic forest. A diagnosis and illustrations of habitus and genitalia are given for each species. We compare variation in wing color pattern among the genera Blepolenis, Opsiphanes, Orobrassolis and Mielkella, and discuss the repeated loss of male wing androconial organs within Blepolenis. DNA sequence (nuclear and mitochondrial genes) provided the strongest signal for phylogeny reconstruction, given that Blepolenis species are morphologically homogeneous. Estimated time of divergence between Blepolenis and Opsiphanes dates from the Mid Miocene (ca. 15 million years ago), and was followed by an apparent period of stasis. Extant Blepolenis species seem to have diverged in the Pleistocene (ca. 2.5 mya).

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