Abstract
The genera Nilus O. Pickard-Cambridge 1876, Sphedanus Thorell 1877 and Dendrolycosa Doleschall 1859 are revised. Nilus is recognised as junior synonym of Thalassius Simon 1885; accordingly all species previously placed in Thalassius including nomina dubia are transferred to Nilus. Nilus curtus O. Pickard-Cambridge 1876 is recognised as senior synonym of Thalassius spinosissimus Karsch 1879. Nilus decoratus (Patel & Reddy) comb. nov. from India is transferred from Pisaura Simon 1885. Nilus amazonicus Simon 1898 from Brazil is transferred to the genus Architis Simon 1898: Architis amazonica (Simon 1898) comb. nov. Nilus oblongus Pavesi 1897 from Ethiopia and N. marginatus (Simon 1888) from the Andaman Islands are considered nomina dubia. Sphedanus Thorell 1877 is removed from the synonymy with Nilus and recognised as a senior synonym of Eurychoera Thorell 1897. The type species, S. undatus Thorell 1877, is redecribed and its copulatory organs are illustrated for the first time. Two species previously placed in the genus Eurychoera are transferred: Sphedanus banna (Zhang, Zhu & Song 2004) comb. nov. and Sphedanus quadrimaculatus (Thorell 1897) comb. nov. Campostichommides Strand 1911 and Dianpisaura Zhang, Zhu & Song 2004 are recognised as junior synonyms of Dendrolycosa. Nilus lanceolatus Simon 1898 and Pisaura lizhii Zhang 2000 are proposed as junior synonyms of Dendrolycosa robusta Thorell 1895. Four species are described as new: D. bairdi spec. nov. from Laos (male, female), D. duckitti spec. nov. from Laos (male, female), D. sierwaldae spec. nov. from New Guinea (female) and D. yuka spec. nov. from Australia (female). Eight species previously placed in the genera Nilus, Campostichommides Strand 1911, Pisaura Simon 1885 and Dianpisaura Zhang, Zhu & Song 2004, respectively are transferred to Dendrolycosa: D. ornata (Berland 1924) comb. nov. from New Caledonia, D. spadicaria (Simon 1897) comb. nov. from India (nomen dubium), D. bobbiliensis (Reddy & Patel 1993) comb. nov. from India, D. gitae (Tikader 1970) comb. nov. from India, D. inquirenda (Strand 1911) comb. nov. nomen dubium from Indonesia, D. parangbusta (Barrion & Litsinger 1995) comb. nov. from Philippines, D. putiana (Barrion & Litsinger 1995) comb. nov. from Philippines, D. songi (Zhang 2000) comb. nov. from Yunnan, China. Dendrolycosa stauntoni Pocock 1900 is considered a nomen dubium. One species originally described in Dendrolycosa is transferred to the genus Hygropoda: H. gracilis (Thorell 1891) comb. nov. Two species previously placed in the genus Tinus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1901 are transferred to Hygropoda: H. sikkimus (Tikader 1970) comb. nov., H. chandrakantii (Reddy & Patel 1993) comb. nov.References
Barrion, A.T. & Litsinger, J.A. (1995) Riceland Spiders of South and Southeast Asia. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, xix + 700 pp.
Berland, L. (1924) Araignées de la Nouvelle Calédonie et des iles Loyalty. In: Sarazin, F. & Roux, J. (eds), Nova Caledonia, Zoologie, 3, 159–255.
Blandin, P. (1976) Etudes sur les Pisauridae africaines VI. Définition des genres Pisaura Simon, 1885, Pisaurellus Roewer, 1961, Afropisaura n. gen. et mise au point sur les espèces des genres Afropisaura and Pisaurellus (Araneae - Pisauridae - Pisaurinae). Revue de Zoologie africaine, 90, 917–939.
Blandin, P. (1979) Etudes sur les Pisauridae africaines XI. Genres peu connus ou nouveaux des Iles Canaries, du continent africain et de Madagascar (Araneae, Pisauridae). Revue de Zoologie africaine, 93, 347–375.
Carico, J.E. (1976) The spider genus Tinus (Pisauridae). Psyche, 83, 63–78.
Carico, J.E. (1993) Taxonomic notes on the genus Architis (Araneae, Pisauridae) and status of the genus Sisenna Simon. Journal of Arachnology, 21, 202–204.
Dankittipakul, P., Singtripop, T. & Zhang, Z.S. (2008) A review of the spider genus Hygropoda in Thailand (Araneae, Pisauridae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 115, 311–323.
Davies, V.T. (1985) Araneomorphae (in part). Zoological Catalog of Australia, 3, 49–125.
Davies, V.T. 1982) Inola nov. gen., a web-building pisaurid (Araneae: Pisauridae) from northern Australia with descriptions of three species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 20, 479–487.
Davies, V.T. & Raven, R.J. (1980) Megadolomedes nov. gen. (Araneae: Pisauridae) with a description of the male of the type-species, Dolomedes australianus Koch 1865. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 20, 135–141.
Doleschall, L. (1859) Tweede Bijdrage tot de Kenntis der Arachniden van den Indischen Archipel. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae, 5, 1–60.
Forcart, L. (1961) Katalog der Typusexemplare in der Arachnida-Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums zu Basel: Scorpionidea, Pseudoscorpionidea, Solifugae, Opilionidea and Araneida. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Basel, 72 (1), 47–87.
Helversen, O.v. & Martens, J. (1972) Unrichtige Fundort-Angaben in der Arachniden-Sammlung Roewer. Senckenbergiana biologica, 53, 109–123.
ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust of Zoological Nomenclature, La Gradangola, Padova (Italy). 306 pp.
Jäger, P. (1999) Sparassidae — the valid scientific name for the huntsman spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen, 17, 1–10.
Jäger, P. (2007) Spiders (Araneae) from Laos with descriptions of new species. Acta Arachnologica, 56 (1), 29–58.
Jäger, P. (2008a) Revision of the huntsman spider genus Heteropoda Latreille 1804: species with exceptional male palpal conformations (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 88 (2), 239–310.
Jäger, P. (2008b) Barylestis Simon 1910 ― first record in Asia with comments on its zoogeography (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Arthropoda Selecta (Special Volume M.I. Saaristo), 105–110.
Jäger, P. (2010) Papakula and Hesydrimorpha: how two spider genera were described from the same species collected from the same locality (Araneae: Pisauridae). Zootaxa, 2551, 65–68.
Jäger, P. & Kunz, D. (2005) An illustrated key to genera of African huntsman spiders (Arachnida, Araneae, Sparassidae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 85 (2), 163–213.
Jäger, P. & Praxaysombath, B. (2009) Spiders from Laos: new species and new records (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta Arachnologica, 58 (1), 27–51.
Karsch, F. (1879) West-afrikanische Arachniden, gesammelt von Herrn Stabsarzt Dr. Falkenstein. Zeitschrift für die gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 52, 329–373.
Koch, L. (1876) Die Arachniden Australiens. Bauer & Raspe, Nürnberg, 1, 741–888.
Lehtinen, P.T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199–468.
Murphy, F. & Murphy, J. (2000) An introduction to the spiders of South East Asia. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur. 625 pp. + 32 pl.
Nentwig, W., Blick, T., Gloor, D., Hänggi, A. & Kropf, C. (2010) Spiders of Europe. Available from: www.araneae.unibe.ch. Version 10.2010 (last access: 17.VI.2011).
Patel, B.H. & Reddy, T.S. (1990) Two new species of the genus Pisaura Simon (Araneae: Pisauridae) from coastal Andhra Pradesh, India. Entomon, 15, 37–40.
Pavesi, P. (1897) Studi sugli aracnidi africani IX. Aracnidi Somali e Galla raccolti da Don Eugenio dei Principi Rispoli. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, 38, 151–188.
Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1876) Catalogue of a collection of spiders made in Egypt, with descriptions of new species and characters of a new genus. Proceedings of the zoological Society, 1876, 541–630.
Platnick, N.I. (2011) The world spider catalog, version 11.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog. DOI: 10.5531/db.iz.0001 (last access: 17.VI.2011)
Pocock, R.I. (1900) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Arachnida. Today & Tomorrow’s Printers & Publishers, London. 279 pp.
Rainbow, W. J. (1911) A census of Australian Araneidae. Records of the Australian Museum, 9, 107–319.
Reddy, T.S. & Patel, B.H. (1993) Two new species of the genera Pisaura Simon and Tinus Cambridge (Araneae: Pisauridae) from India. Entomon, 18, 181–184.
Roewer, C.F. (1951) Neue Namen einiger Araneen-Arten. Abhandlungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Bremen, 32, 437–456.
Roewer, C.F. (1955a) Araneae Lycosaeformia I. (Agelenidae, Hahniidae, Pisauridae) mit Berücksichtigung aller Arten der äthiopischen Region. Exploration du Parc National de l’Upemba, Mission G.F. de Witte, 30, 1–420.
Roewer, C.F. (1955b). Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. Bruxelles, 2, 1–1751
Santos, A.J. (2007) A revision of the neotropical nursery-web spider genus Architis (Araneae: Pisauridae). Zootaxa, 1578, 1–40.
Sebastian, P.A. & Peter K.V. (2009) Spiders of India. Universities Press, Hyderabad, 614 pp. + 170 pl.
Sierwald, P. (1987) Revision der Gattung Thalassius (Arachnida, Araneae, Pisauridae). Verhandlungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Hamburg, 29, 51–142.
Sierwald, P. (1989) Morphology and ontogeny of female copulatory organs in American Pisauridae, with special reference to homologous features (Arachnida: Araneae). Smithsonian Contribution to Zoology, 484, 1–24.
Sierwald, P. (1997) Phylogenetic analysis of pisaurine nursery web spiders, with revisions of Tetragonophthalma and Perenethis (Araneae, Lycosoidea, Pisauridae). Journal of Arachnology, 25, 361–407.
Simon, E. (1885). Matériaux pour servir à la faune arachnologiques de l'Asie méridionale. I. Arachnides recueillis à Wagra-Karoor près Gundacul, district de Bellary par M. M. Chaper. II. Arachnides recueillis à Ramnad, district de Madura par M. l'abbé Fabre. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France, 10, 1–39.
Simon, E. (1888) Etudes sur le arachnides de l'Asie méridionale faisant partie des collections de l'Indian Museum (Calcutta). II. Arachnides recueillis aux îles Andaman par M. R. D. Oldham. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 57, 282–287.
Simon, E. (1891) Etudes arachnologiques. 23e Mémoire. XXXVII. Arachnides recueillis sue le haut Congo par M. Ant. Greshoff. Annales de la Sociéte entomologique de France, 60, 297–299.
Simon, E. (1897) Matériaux pour servir à la faune arachnologique de l'Asie méridionale. V. Arachnides recueillis à Dehra-Dun (N.W. Prov.) et dans le Dekkan par M. A. Smythies. Mémoires de la Société zoologique de France, 10, 252–262.
Simon, E. (1898a) Histoire naturelle des araignées. L. Mulo, Paris, 2, 193–380.
Simon, E. (1898b). Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux des familles des Agelenidae, Pisauridae, Lycosidae et Oxyopidae. Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique, 42, 1–34.
Strand, E. (1911). Araneae von den Aru- und Kei-Inseln. Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesesellschaft, 34, 127–199.
Taczanowski, L. (1874) Les aranéides de la Guyane française. Horae Societatis entomologicae Rossicae, 10, 56–115.
Thorell, T. (1877) Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani. I. Ragni di Selebes raccolti nel 1874 dal Dott. O. Beccari. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, 10, 341–637.
Thorell, T. (1890) Diagnoses aranearum aliquot novarum in Indo-Malesia inventarum. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, 30, 132–172.
Thorell, T. (1891) Spindlar från Nikobarerna och andra delar af södra Asien. Konglike Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 24(2), 1–149.
Thorell, T. (1892). Studi sui ragni Malesi e Papuani. IV, 2. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, 31, 1–490.
Thorell, T. (1895) Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma. Taylor & Francis, London, 406 pp.
Thorell, T. (1897). Araneae paucae Asiae australis. Bihang till Konglike Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 22(6), 1–36.
Tikader, B.K. (1970) Spider fauna of Sikkim. Records of the zoological Survey of India, 64, 1–83.
Uhl, G., Nessler, S.H. & Schneider, J. (2010) Securing paternity in spiders? A review on occurrence and effects of mating plugs and male genital mutilation. Genetica, 138, 75–104.
Zhang, J.X. (2000) Taxonomy studies on Chinese spiders of the genus Pisaura (Araneae: Pisauridae) I. Acta arachnologica sinica, 9, 1–9.
Zhang, J.X., Zhu, M.S & Song, D.X. (2004) A review of the Chinese nursery-web spiders (Araneae, Pisauridae). Journal of Arachnology, 32, 353–417.