Abstract
Approximately 370 brachyuran species have so far been recorded from the Brazilian coast, 123 of which have had theirlarval stages fully or partially described. The pictorial guide allows the identification of the first zoea of 110 species. Theremaining 13 species with known larval stages are treated to the genus level because of difficulties in the morphological differentiation of closely related species.References
Andriszak, B.L. & Gore, R.H. (1981) The complete larval development in the laboratory of Micropanope sculptipes (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthidae) with a comparison of larval characters in western Atlantic xanthid genera. Fishery Bulletin, 79, 487–506.
Anger, K., Montú, M., Bakker, C. & Fernandes, L.L.M. (1990) Larval development of Uca thayeri Rathbun, 1900 (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) reared in the laboratory. Meeresforschung, 32, 276–294.
Anger, K., Schreiber, D. & Montú, M. (1995) Abbreviated larval development of Sesarma curacaoense (Rathbun, 1897) (Decapoda: Grapsidae) reared in the laboratory. Nauplius, 3, 127–154.
Anosov, S.E. (2000) Keys to the identification of brachyuran larvae of the Black Sea. Crustaceana, 73, 1239–1246.
Báez, P. (1997) Key to the families of decapod crustacean larvae collected off northen Chile during El Nino event. Investigaciones Marinas, 25, 167–176.
Bakker, C., Montú, M., Anger, K. & Harms, J. (1990) Larval development of a tropical spider crab, Libinia ferreirae Brito Capello, 1871 (Decapoda: Majidae), reared in the laboratory. Meeresforschung, 30, 90–103.
Bakker, C., Montú, M., Anger, K. & Fernandes, L.L.M. (1989) Larval development of Hexapanopeus schmitti Rathbun, 1930 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Xanthidae) reared in the laboratory. Neritica, 4, 137–164.
Bolaños, J., Lares, L.B. & Hernández, J.E. (1990) Desarrollo larval de Mithrax caribbaeus Rathbun, 1920 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Majidae) realizado en condiciones de laboratorio. Boletin del Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela, 29, 67–89.
Bolaños, J., Quinteiro, V., Hernandez, G. & Hernández, J.E. (1996) Desarrollo Larval del Cangrejo Araña Pitho lherminieri (Schramm, 1867) (Decapoda: Majidae: Ophthalminae) Realizado en Condiciones de Laboratorio. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium of “Fauna and Flora of the Atlantic Island”. Las Palmas, Spain, pp. 12–19.
Bolaños, J. & Scelzo, M.A. (1981) Larval development of the spider crab Mithrax verrucosus Milne Edwards, reared in the laboratory (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majidae). American Zoologist, 21, 989.
Bookhout, C.G. & Costlow, J.D. (1974) Larval development of Portunus spinicarpus reared in the laboratory. Bulletin of Marine Science, 24, 20–51.
Bookhout, C.G. & Costlow, J.D. (1979) Larval development of Pilumnus dasypodus and Pilumnus sayi reared in the laboratory (Decapoda, Brachyura, Xanthidae). Crustaceana, Suppl.5, 1–16.
Boschi, E.E. & Scelzo, M.A. (1968) Larval development of the spider crab Libinia spinosa H. Milne Edwards, reared in the laboratory (Brachyura, Majidae). Crustaceana, Suppl.2, 170–180.
Boschi, E.E. & Scelzo, M.A. (1970) Desarrollo larval del cangrejo Corystoides chilensis Milne Edwards y Lucas en laboratorio (Decapoda, Brachyura, Beliidae). Physis, 30,113–124.
Boschi, E.E. (1981) Larvas de Crustacea Decapoda. In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed.), Atlas del Zooplancton del Atlántico Sudoccidental y Métodos de Trabajo en el Zooplancton Marino. Publicación Esp. INIDEP, Mar Del Plata, Argentina. pp. 699–758.
Boschi, E.E., Scelzo, M.A. & Goldstein, B. (1967) Desarrollo larval de dos especies de crustáceos decápodos en el laboratorio. Pachycheles haigae (Porcellanidae) y Chasmagnathus granulata Dana (Grapsidae). Boletín del Instituto de Biología Marina, 12, 1–46.
Brossi-Garcia, A.L. & Rodrigues, M.D. (1993) Zoeal morphology of Pachygrapsus gracilis (Saussure, 1858) (Decapoda, Grapsidae) reared in the laboratory. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 24, 197–204.
Brossi-Garcia, A.L. & Rodrigues, M.D. (1997) Zoeal morphology of Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes) (Decapoda, Grapsidae) reared in the laboratory. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 14, 803–819.
Bullard, S.G. (2003) Larvae of Anomuran and Brachyuran Crabs of North Carolina. A Guide to the Described Larval Stages of Anomuran (Families Porcellanidae, Albuneidae and Hippidae) and Brachyuran Crabs of North Carolina, U.S.A. Crustaceana Monographs, 1, Brill, Leiden, 137 pp.
Campodonico, I. & Guzmán, M.L. (1972) Desarrollo larval de Eurypodius latreillei Guérin en condiciones de laboratorio (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majidae, Inachinae). Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia, 3, 233–247.
Clark, P.F., Ng, P.K.L. & Ho, P-H. (2004) Atergatis subdentatus (De Haan, 1835), Atergatopsis germaini A. Milne Edwards, 1865 and Platypodia eydouxi (A. Milne Edwards, 1865) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Xanthoidea: Xanthidae: Zosiminae) – first stage zoeal descriptions with complications for the subfamily. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 52, 563–592.
Costlow, J.D. & Bookhout, C.G. (1959) The larval development of Callinectes sapidus Rathbun reared in the laboratory. The Biological Bulletin, 116, 373–396.
Costlow, J.D. & Bookhout, C.G. (1961a) Larval development of Eurypanopeus depressus (Smith) under laboratory conditions. Crustaceana, 2, 6–15.
Costlow, J.D. & Bookhout, C.G. (1961b) The larval stages of Panopeus herbstii Milne-Edwards reared in the laboratory. Journal of the Elisha Scientific Society, 77, 33–42.
Costlow, J.D. & Bookhout, C.G. (1966a) Larval development of the crab, Hexapanopeus angustifrons. Chesapeake Science, 7, 148–156.
Costlow, J.D. & Bookhout, C.G. (1966b) Larval stages of the crab Pinnotheres maculatus, under laboratory conditions. Chesapeake Science, 7, 157–163.
Costlow, J.D. & Bookhout, C.G. (1968) The complete larval development of the land-crab Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille in the laboratory (Brachyura, Gecarcinidae). Crustaceana, Suppl.2, 259–270.
Cuesta, J.A. & Anger, K. (2001) Larval morphology of the sesarmid crab Armases angustipes Dana, 1852 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsoidea). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 21, 821–838.
Cuesta, J.A., Diesel, R. & Schubart, C.D. (2001) Re-examination of the zoeal morphology of Chasmagnathus granulatus, Cyclograpsus lavauxi, Hemigrapsus sexdentatus, and H. crenulatus confirms consistent chaetotaxy in the Varunidae (Decapada, Brachyura). Crustaceana, 74, 895–912.
Cuesta, J.A., Liu, H-C. & Schubart, C.D. (2002) First zoeal stages of Epigrapsus politus Heller, E. notatus (Heller) and Gecarcoidea lalandii H. Milne-Edwards, with remarks on zoeal morphology of the Gecarcinidae Macleay (Crustacea: Brachyura). Journal of Natural History, 36, 1671–1685.
Cuesta, J.A. & Rodríguez, A. (1994) Early zoeal stages of Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius), P. transversus (Gibbes) and P. maurus (Lucas) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsidae), reared in the laboratory. Scientia Marina, 58, 323–327.
Cuesta, J.A. & Schubart, C.D. (1999) First zoeal stages of Geograpsus lividus and Goniopsis pulchra from Panama confirm consistent larval characters for the subfamily Grapsinae (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsidae). Ophelia, 51, 163–176.
Cuesta, J.A., Schuh, M., Diesel, R. & Schubart, C.D. (1999) Abbreviated development of Armases miersii (Grapsidae: Sesarminae), a crab that breeds in supralittoral rock pools. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 19, 26–41.
Díaz, H. & Bevilacqua, M. (1987) Early developmental sequences of Aratus pisonii (Milne Edwards) (Brachyura, Grapsidae) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Coastal Research, 3, 63–70.
Díaz, H. & Costlow, J.D. (1972) Larval development of Ocypode quadrata (Brachyura: Crustacea) under laboratory conditions. Marine Biology, 15, 120–131.
Díaz, H. & Ewald, J.J. (1968) A comparison of the larval development of Metasesarma rubripes (Rathbun) and Sesarma ricordi H. Milne Edwards (Brachyura, Grapsidae) reared under similar laboratory conditions. Crustaceana, Suppl.2, 225–248.
Dineen, J.F., Clark, P.F., Hines, A.H., Reed, S.A. & Walton, H.P. (2001) Life history, larval description, and natural history ofCharybdis hellerii (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae), an invasive crab in the Western Atlantic. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 21, 774–805.
dos Santos, A. & González-Gordillo, I. (2004) Illustrated key for the identification of the Pleocyemata (Crustacea: Decapoda) zoeal stages, from the coastal region of south-western Europe. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 84, 205–227.
Dowds, R.E. (1980) The Crab Genus Pinnixa in a North Carolina Estuary: Identification of Larvae, Reproduction, and Recruitment. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 189 pp. Not seen.
Fagetti, E. (1960) Primer estadio larval de cuatro crustáceos braquiuros de la Bahía de Valparaiso. Revista de Biologia Marina, 10, 285–297.
Fagetti, E. (1969) The larval development of the spider crab Libidoclaea granaria H. Milne Edwards & Lucas under laboratory conditions (Decapoda Brachyura; Majidae, Pisinae). Crustaceana, 17, 131–140.
Fagetti, E. & Campodonico, G.I. (1971) Desarrollo larval en el laboratorio de Taliepus dentatus (Milne-Edwards) (Crustacea Brachyura: Majidae, Acanthonychinae). Revista de Biologia Marina, 14, 1–14.
Fransozo, A. (1987) Desenvolvimento larval de Eriphia gonagra (Fabricius, 1781) (Decapoda, Xanthidae), em laboratório. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 4, 165–179.
Fransozo, A. & Bertini, G. (2002) The first zoeal stage of Lithadia rotundata A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Brachyura: Leucosiidae: Ebaliinae) obtained in the laboratory. Nauplius, 10, 55–59.
Fransozo, A., Cuesta, J.A. & Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1998) The first zoeal stage of two species of Grapsidae (Decapoda Brachyura) and a key to such larvae from the Brazilian coast. Crustaceana, 71, 331–343.
Fransozo, A. & Hebling, N.J. (1982) Desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Mithrax hispidus (Hersbt, 1790) (Decapoda, Majidae) em laboratório. Ciência e Cultura 34, 385–395.
Fransozo, A. & Hebling, N.J. (1986) Desenvolvimento larval de Sesarma (Holometopus) rectum Randall, 1840 (Decapoda, Grapsidae), em laboratório. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 46, 353–364.
Fransozo, A., Mantelatto, F.L. & Bertini, G. (2002) The first zoeal stage of the genus Cronius (Brachyura, Portunidae) from the Brazilian coast, hatched in a laboratory. Journal of Plankton Research, 24, 1237–1244.
Fransozo, A., Mantelatto, F.L. & Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1990) Larval development of Hexapanopeus paulensis Rathbun, 1930 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Xanthidae) under laboratory conditions. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 7, 31–45.
Fransozo, A. & Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1997) Larval stages of Pyromaia tuberculata (Lockington, 1877) (Decapoda, Majidae, Inachinae) reared in the laboratory. Crustaceana, 70, 304–323.
Fransozo, A., Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L., Martin, J.W. & Trautwein, S.E. (2001) Morphology of the first zoeal stage of Platypodiella spectabilis (Herbst, 1794) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Xanthidae) obtained in the laboratory. Gulf and Caribbean Research, 13, 79–85.
Gore, R.H., Dover, C.L.V. & Wilson, K.A. (1981) Studies on decapod Crustacea from the Indian River region of Florida. XX. Micropanope barbadensis (Rathbun, 1921), the complete larval development under laboratory conditions (Brachyura, Xanthidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 1, 28–50.
Gore, R.H. & Scotto, L.E. (1982) Cyclograpsus interger H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Brachyura, Grapsidae): the complete larval development in the laboratory, with notes on larvae of the genus Cyclograpsus. Fishery Bulletin, 80, 501–521.
Gore, R.H., Scotto, L.E. & Yang, W.T. (1982) Microphrys bicornutus (Latreille, 1825): the complete larval development under laboratory conditions with notes on other mithracine larvae (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 2, 514–534.
Guerao, G., Schubart, C.D. & Cuesta, J.A. (2001) The first zoeal stages of Grapsus grapsus (Linnaeus) and Geograpsus lividus (H. Milne-Edwards) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsidae) from the Western Atlantic. Nauplius, 9, 111–121.
Hartnoll, R.G. (1964) The zoeal stages of the spider crab Microphrys bicornutus (Latr.). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 241–246.
Hiyodo, C.M., Fransozo, A. & Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1994) Larval development of the spider crab Acanthonyx petiverii H. Milne-Edwards, 1834 (Decapoda, Majidae) in the laboratory. Crustaceana, 66, 53 – 66.
Hong, S.Y., Sankarankutty, C. & Cunha, I.M.C. (2001) Description of laboratory reared first zoea of Hexapanopeus manningi Sankarankutty and Ferreira, 2000 (Decapoda: Xanthidae). Nauplius, 9, 157–161.
Hyman, O.W. (1924) Studies on larval crabs of the family Pinnotheridae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 64, 1–9.
Ingle, R.W. (1985a) Larval development of the mud crab Panopeus occidentalis de Saussure, from Bermuda (Crustacea: Xanthoidea: Panopeidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 48, 233–248.
Ingle, R.W. (1985b) Larval development of the red swimming crab, Bathynectes longipes (Risso, 1816) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 49, 239–255.
Ingle, R.W. (1987) The first zoea of three Pachygrapsus species and of Cataleptodius floridanus (Gibbes) from Bermuda and Mediterranean (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 52, 31–41.
Ingle, R.W. (1992) Larval Stages of Northeastern Atlantic Crabs. An Illustrated Key. Chapman & Hall, London, 363 pp.
Josileen, J. & Menon, N.G. (2004) Larval stages of the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Decapoda, Brachyura). Crustaceana, 77, 785–803.
Kircher, A.B. (1970) The zoeal stages and glaucothoe of Hypoconcha arcuata Stimpson (Decapoda: Dromiidae) reared in the laboratory. Bulletin of Marine Science, 20, 769–792.
Koettker, A.G. (2008) Composição, Densidade e Variação Espaço-Temporal de Larvas de Decápodes e Estomatópodes do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, Brasil. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 129 pp.
Konishi, K. & Minagawa, M. (1990) The first zoeal larva of the Gulfweed crab Planes cyaneus Dana, 1851 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsidae). Proceedings of the Japanese Society Systematic Zoology, 42, 14–20.
Kornienko, E.S. & Korn, O.M. (2009) Illustrated key for the identification of brachyuran zoeal stages (Crustacea: Decapoda) in the plankton of Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89, 379–386.
Kurata, H., Heard, R.W. & Martin, J.W. (1981) Larval development under laboratory conditions of the xanthid mud crab Eurytium limosum (Say, 1818) (Brachyura: Xanthidae) from Georgia. Gulf Research Reports, 7, 19–25.
Lang, W.H. & Young, A.M. (1980) Larval development of Hypoconcha sabulosa (Decapoda: Dromiidae). Fishery Bulletin, 77, 851–863.
Laughlin, R.A., Rodriguez, P.J. & Marval, J.A. (1982) The complete larval development of the sponge crab Dromia erythropus (George Edwards, 1771) (Brachyura: Dromiidae) from the Archipelago de Los Roques, Venezuela. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 2, 342–359.
Laughlin, R.A., Rodriguez, P.J. & Marval, J.A. (1983) Zoeal stages of the coral crab Carpilius corallinus (Herbst) (Decapoda, Xanthidae) reared in the laboratory. Crustaceana, 44, 169–186.
Lebour, M.V. (1944) Larval crabs from Bermuda. Zoologica, 29,113–128.
Lima, J.F. (2009) Larval development of Austinixa bragantina (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) reared in the laboratory. Zoologia, 26, 143–154.
Lima, J.F. & Abrunhosa, F. (2006) The complete larval development of Armases benedict (Rathbun) (Decapoda, Sesarmidae), from the Amazon region, reared in the laboratory. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 23, 460–470.
Lima, J.F., Abrunhosa, F. & Coelho, P.A. (2006) The larval development of Pinnixa gracilipes Coelho (Decapoda, Pinnotheridae) reared in the laboratory. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 23, 480–489.
Lopes, P.H.M., Abrunhosa, F.A. & Reis, V.S. (2000) Descrição da primeira larva do siri pimenta Callinectes bocourti (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae) obtida em laboratório. Revista Científica de Produção Animal, 2, 208–212.
Mantelatto, F.L. & Cuesta, J.A. (2010) Morphology of the first zoeal stage of the commensal southwestern Atlantic crab Austinixa aidae (Righi 1967) (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae), hatched in the laboratory. Helgoland Marine Research, 64, 343–348.
Marques, F. & Pohle, G. (1996) Complete larval development of Clypeasterophilus stebbingi (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) and a comparison with other species within the Dissodactylus complex. Bulletin of Marine Science, 58, 165–185.
Martin, J.W. (1984) Notes and bibliography on the larvae of Xanthidae crabs, with a key to the known xanthid zoeas of the Western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 34, 220–239.
Martin, J.W. & Truesdale, F.M. (1989) Zoeal development of Ethusa microphthalma Smith, 1881 (brachyuran, Dorippidae) reared in the laboratory, with a comparison of other dorippid zoeae. Journal of Natural History, 23, 205–217.
Martin, J.W., Truesdale, F.M. & Felder, D.L. (1985) Larval development of Panopeus bermudensis Benedict and Rathbun, 1891 (Brachyura, Xanthidae) with notes on zoeal characters in xanthid crabs. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 5, 84–105.
Melo, G.A.S. (1996) Manual de Identificação dos Brachyura (Caranguejos e Siris) do Litoral Brasileiro. Plêiade, São Paulo, 604 pp.
Menu-Marque, S.A. (1970) Desarrollo larval del cangrejo Platyxanthus crenulatus (A. Milne Edwards, 1879) en el laboratorio. Physis, 29, 477–494.
Montú, M., Anger, K. & Bakker, C. (1990) Variability in the larval development of Metasesarma rubripes (Decapoda, Grapsidae) reared in the laboratory. Neritica, 5, 113–128.
Montú, M., Anger, K., Bakker, C., Anger, V. & Fernandes, L.L. (1988) Larval development of the Brazilian mud crab Panopeus austrobesus Williams, 1983 (Decapoda: Xanthidae) reared in the laboratory. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 8, 594–613.
Messerknecht, I., Montú, M. & Anger, K. (1991) Larval development and salinity tolerance of Brazilian Eurytium limosum (Say, 1818) (Brachyura: Xanthidae) reared in the laboratory. Meeresforschung, 33, 275–296.
Meyer, R., Wehrtmann, I.S. & Melzer, R.R. (2006) Morphology of the first zoeal stage of Portunus acuminatus Stimpson, 1871 (Decapoda: Portunidae: Portuninae) reared in the laboratory. Scientia Marina, 70, 261–270.
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1986a) Desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Eurypanopeus abbreviatus (Stimpson, 1860) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthidae), em laboratório. Boletim de Zoologia, 10, 19–39.
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1986b) Desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Panopeus americanus Saussure, 1857 (Decapoda, Xanthidae), em laboratório. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 46, 173–188.
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1996) The zoea I of Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne Edwards, 1867) (Decapoda, Portunidae) obtained in laboratory. Nauplius, 4, 165–168.
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L & Fransozo, A. (1991) Larval stages of Epialtus brasiliensis Dana, 1852 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majidae) reared in the laboratory with notes on characters of the majid suafamilies. Crustaceana, 60, 200–212.
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. & Fransozo, A. (2001) Larval development of Epialtus bituberculatus H. Milne Edwards (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Majidae) with comments on majid larvae from the southwestern Atlantic. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114, 120–138.
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L., Fransozo, A. & Hebling, N.J. (1989) Larval development of Persephona mediterranea Herbst, 1794 (Brachyura, Leucosiidae) under laboratory conditions. Crustaceana, 57, 177–193.
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L., Hirose, G.L., Fransozo, A. Bolla Jr., E.A. (2009) First zoeal stage and megalopa of Uca (Uca) maracoani (Decapoda: Brachyura), with comments on the larval morphology of South-American species of Ocypodidae. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 29, 364–372.
Ng, P.K.L., Guinot, D. & Davie, P.J.F. (2008) Systema brachyurorum. Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 17, 1–286.
Ong, K.S. (1964) The early developmental stages of Scylla serrata (Forskal) (Crustacea: Portunidae), reared in the laboratory. Proceedings of the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, 11, 135–146.
Paula, J. (1996) A key and bibliography for the identification of zoeal stages of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from the Atlantic coast of Europe. Journal of Plankton Research, 18, 17–27.
Paula, J. & Hartnoll, R.G. (1989) The larval and post-larval development of Percnon gibbesi (Crustacea, Brachyura, Grapsidae) and the identity of the larval genus Pluteocaris. Journal of Zoology, 218, 17–37.
Pessani, D., Burri, R. & Salton, I. (1998) A key for the identification of the known larval stages of the Mediterranean Brachyura. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 33, 191–199.
Pohle, G., Mantelatto, F.L., Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. & Fransozo, A. (1999) Larval Decapoda (Brachyura). In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed.). South Atlantic Zooplankton. Vol. 2. Leiden, Backhuys, pp. 1281–1351.
Pohle, G. & Marques, F.P.L. (2003) Larval stages and megalopa of Leucippa pentagona H. Milne Edwards, 1833 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majoidea: Epialtidae) obtained from laboratory culture and a comparison with other epialtid and majoid larvae. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 43, 55–70.
Pohle, G. & Telford, M. (1981) The larval development of Dissodactylus crinitichelis Moreira, 1901 (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) in laboratory culture. Bulletin of Marine Science, 31, 753–773.
Rhyne, A.L., Fujita, Y. & Calado, R. (2006) Larval development and first crab of Mithraculus sculptus (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majoidea: Mithracidae) described from laboratory-reared material. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 86, 1133–1147.
Rice, A.L. & Provenzano, A.J. (1966) The larval development of the West Indian sponge crab Dromidia antillensis (Decapoda: Dromiidae). Journal of Zoology, 149, 297–319.
Rice, A.L. & Provenzano, A.J. (1970) The larval stages of Homola barbata (Fabricius) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Homolidae) reared in the laboratory. Bulletin of Marine Science, 20, 447–461.
Rice, A.L. & Tsukimura, B. (2007) A key to the identification of brachyuran zoeae of the San Francisco Bay estuary. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 27, 74–79.
Rice, A.L. & Williamson, D.I. (1977) Planktonic stages of Crustacea Malacostraca from Atlantic Seamonts. “Meteor” Forschungsergebnisse, 26, 28–64.
Rieger, P.J. (1996) Desenvolvimento larval de Uca (Celuca) uruguayensis Nobili, 1901 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae), em laboratório. Nauplius, 4, 73–103.
Rieger, P.J. (1997) Desenvolvimento larval de Uca (Minuca) mordax (Smith, 1870) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae), em laboratório. Trabalhos Oceanográficos da UFPE, 25, 225–267.
Rieger, P.J. (1998) Desenvolvimento larval de Uca (Minuca) burguesi Holthuis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae), em laboratório. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 15, 727–756.
Rieger, P.J. (1999) Desenvolvimento larval de Uca (Minuca) vocator (Herbst, 1804) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae), em laboratório. Nauplius, 7, 1–37.
Rieger, P.J. & Hebling, N.J. (1993) Desenvolvimento larval de Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785) (Decapoda, Calappidae) em laboratório. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 20, 513–528.
Rieger, P.J., Lemes, G.A.F. & Cichowski, V.L. (2003) Estudo dos estágios da fase de zoea de Speocarcinus meloi D´Incao & Gomes da Silva, 1991 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Goneplacidae) em laboratório, com ênfase em morfologia de cerdas. Atlântica, 25, 179–199.
Rieger, P.J., Santos, A.L.F. & Cichowski, V.L. (2002) Estudo dos primeiros estágios larvais de Mesorhoea sexpinosa Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parthenopidae), em laboratório, com ênfase em morfologia de cerdas. Comunicações do Museu de Ciência e Tecnologia PUCRS Série Zoologia, 15, 239–264.
Rieger, P.J. & Vieira, R.R.R. (1997) Desenvolvimento larval de Cyrtograpsus angulatus Dana (Crustacea, Decapoda, Grapsidae), em laboratório. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 14, 601–623.
Rodrigues, M.D. & Hebling, N.J. (1989) Ucides cordatus cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Complete larval development under laboratory conditions and its systematic position. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 6, 147–166.
Rodríguez, A. & Spivak, E.D. (2001) The larval development of Panopeus margentus (Decapoda: Brachyura: Panopeidae) reared in the laboratory. Journal of Crustacean Research, 21, 806–820.
Sandifer, P.A. (1974) Larval stages of the crab, Pilumnus dasypodus Kingsley (Crustacea, Brachyura, Xanthidae) obtained in the laboratory. Bulletin of Marine Science 24, 378–391.
Sandifer, P.A. & Van Engel, W.A. (1972) Larval stages of the spider crab, Anasimus latus Rathbun, 1894 (Brachyura, Majidae, Inachinae) obtained in the laboratory. Crustaceana, 23, 141–151.
Sandoz, M. & Hopkins, S.H. (1947) Early life history of the oyster crab, Pinnotheres ostreum (Say). The Biological Bulletin, 93, 250–258.
Sankarankutty, C., Hong, S.Y. & Kim, K.B. (1999) Description of laboratory reared first zoea of Callinectes danae Smith (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 16, 45–49.
Santana, W. & Marques, F. (2009) Larval morphology of the spider crab Leurocyclus tuberculosus (Decapoda: Majoidea: Inachoididae). Nauplius, 17, 49–58.
Santana, W., Marques, F., Fransozo, A. & Bertini, G. (2006) Larval development of Notolopas brasiliensis Miers, 1886 (Brachyura: Majoidea: Pisidae) described from laboratory reared material and a reappraisal of the characters of Pisidae. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 46, 219–232.
Santana, W., Marques, F. & Pohle, G. (2004a) Larval stages of Stenocionops furcatus (Olivier, 1791) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majoidea) and a reappraisal of larval morphological characters for Mithracidae. Journal of Plankton Research, 26, 859–874.
Santana, W., Pohle, G. & Marques, F. (2004b) Larval development of Apiomithrax violaceus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majoidea: Pisidae) reared in laboratory conditions, and a review of larval characters of Pisidae. Journal of Natural History, 38, 1773–1797.
Scelzo, M.A. & Lichtschein de Bastida, V. (1978) Desarrollo larval y metamorfosis del cangrejo Cyrtograpsus altimanus Rathbun, 1914 (Brachyura, Grapsidae) en laboratorio, con observaciones sobre la ecología de la especie. Physis, 38, 103–126.
Schoeman, D.S. & Cockcroft, A.C. (1996) A description of Ovalipes trimaculatus (De Haan, 1833) (Brachyura: Portunidae: Polybiinae) zoeae reared in the laboratory. South African Journal of Marine Science, 17, 113–134.
Schubart, C.D. & Cuesta, J.A. (1998) First zoeal stages of four Sesarma species from Panama, with identification keys and remarks on the American Sesarminae (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsidae). Journal of Plankton Research, 20, 61–84.
Schwamborn, R. (1997) The Influence of Mangroves on Community Structure and Nutrition of Macrozooplankton in Northeast Brazil. ZMT Bremen, Bremen, 78 pp.
Scotto, L.E. (1979) Larval development of the Cuban stone crab, Menippe nodifrons (Brachyura, Xanthidae) under laboratory conditions with notes on the status of the family Menippidae. Fishery Bulletin, 77, 359–386.
Scotto, L.E. & Gore, R.H. (1980) Larval development under laboratory conditions of the tropical spider crab Mithrax (Mithraculus) coryphe (Herbst, 1801) (Brachyura: Majidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 93, 551–562.
Scotto, L.E. & Gore, R.H. (1981) Studies on decapod Crustacea from the Indian River region of Florida. XXIII. The laboratory cultured zoeal stages of the coral gall-forming crab Troglocarcinus corallicola Verrill, 1908 (Brachyura: Hapalocarcinidae) and its familial position. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 1, 486–505.
Shinkarenko, L. (1979) Development of the larval stages of the blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus L. (Portunidae: Decapoda: Crustacea). Australian Journal of Marine Freshwater Research, 30, 485–503.
Spivak, E.D. & Cuesta, J.A. (2000) Larval development of Cyrtograpsus affinis (Dana) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Varunidae) from Rio de la Plata estuary, reared in the laboratory. Scientia Marina, 64, 29–47.
Spivak, E.D. & Luppi, T.A. (2004) Morphology of Coenophthalmus tridentatus first zoea (Crustacea: Portunidae: Polybiinae) hatched in the laboratory. Journal of Plankton Research, 26, 5–10.
Spivak, E.D. & Rodríguez, A. (2002) Pilumnus reticulatus Stimpson, 1860 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pilumnidae): a reappraisal of larval characters from laboratory reared material. Scientia Marina, 66, 5–19.
Stuck, K.C. & Truesdale, F.M. (1988) Larval development of the speckled swimming crab, Arenaeus cribarius (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae) reared in the laboratory. Bulletin of Marine Science, 42, 101–132.
Taishaku, H. & Konishi, K. (1995) Zoeas of Calappa species with special reference to larval characters of the family Calappidae (Crustacea, Brachyura). Zoological Science, 12, 649–654.
Terada, M. (1980) The zoeal development of Ovalipes punctatus (De Haan) (Brachyura, Portunidae) in the laboratory. Proceedings of the Japanese Society Systematic Zoology, 19, 24–33.
Vieira, R.R.R. & Rieger, P.J. (2004) Larval development of Hexapanopeus caribbaeus (Stimpson, 1817) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthoidea, Panopeidae) reared under laboratory conditions. Journal of Plankton Research, 26, 1175–1182.
Warner, G.F. (1968) The larval development of the mangrove tree crab, Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards), reared in the laboratory (Brachyura, Grapsidae). Crustaceana, Suppl.2, 249–258.
Wear, R.G. (1970) Life-history studies on New Zealand Brachyura. 4. Zoea larvae hatched from crabs of the family Grapsidae. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 4, 3–35.
Wear, R.G. & Fielder, D.R. (1985) The marine fauna of New Zealand: larvae of Brachyura (Crustacea, Decapoda). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Memoir 92, 1–90.
Wilson, K.A. (1980) Studies on decapod Crustacea from the Indian River region of Florida. XV. The larval development under laboratory conditions of Euchirograpsus americanus A. Milne Edwards, 1880 (Crustacea Decapoda: Grapsidae) with notes on Grapsidae subfamilial larval characters. Bulletin of Marine Science, 30, 756–775.
Wilson, K.A. & Gore, R.H. (1980) Studies on decapod Crustacea from the Indian River region of Florida. XVII. Larval stages of Plagusia depressa (Fabricius, 1775) cultured under laboratory conditions (Brachyura: Grapsidae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 30, 776–789.
Wilson, K.A., Scotto, L.E. & Gore, R.H. (1979) Studies on decapod Crustacea from the Indian River region of Florida. XIII. Larval development under laboratory conditions of the spider crab Mithrax forceps (A. Milne-Edwards, 1875) (Brachyura: Majidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 92, 307–327.
Yang, W.T. (1971) The larval and postlarval development of Parthenope serrata reared in the laboratory and the systematic position of the Parthenopinae (Crustacea, Brachyura). The Biological Bulletin, 140, 166–189.
Yang, W.T. (1976) Studies on the western Atlantic arrow crab genus Stenorhynchus (Decapoda Brachyura, Majidae). I. Larval characters of two species and comparison with other larvae of Inachinae. Crustaceana, 31, 157–177.