Abstract
Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai is a species of toad known only from two localities in southern Uruguay. This toad isthe southernmost suggested taxon of the M. tumifrons group, whose species are characterized by a glandular frontal swell-ing on the snout. The study of the type series of M. orejasmirandai and of M. pachyrhynus, along with observations madeon many specimens of both species suggested a close relationship between them. The analysis of the variation of snout-vent length, coloration pattern, relative size of the frontal swelling, and presence/absence of the metatarsal gland showedthat characters previously used to separate both species resulted of no diagnostic value. Further comparison of the externalmorphology, osteological characters, and partial sequences of the cytochrome b gene indicated that M. orejasmirandai isa junior synonym of M. pachyrhynus. Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus is characterized by a reticulated orange ventral pat-tern which is shared only with M. peritus, from which it differs by its smaller size. The ornamentation of the nasal bonesunderlying the frontal swelling in M. pachyrhynus seems to be characteristic of the M. tumifrons group. An updated distribution map of M. pachyrhynus and some new localities are also provided.References
Achaval, F. (1989) Lista de especies de vertebrados del Uruguay. Parte 2. Anfibios, reptiles, aves y mamíferos. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 41 pp.
Achaval, F. & Olmos, A. (1997) Anfibios y Reptiles del Uruguay. Barreiro y Ramos, Montevideo, 128 pp.
Achaval, F. & Olmos, A. (2003) Anfibios y Reptiles del Uruguay. 2nd Ed. Graphis, Montevideo, 136 pp.
Achaval, F. & Olmos, A. (2007) Anfibios y Reptiles del Uruguay. 3rd Ed. Biophoto, Montevideo, 160 pp.
Almeida-Santos, P., Nascimento D.S.D., Abrunhosa, P.A. & Sluys, M.B. (2010) Melanophryniscus moreirae (Maldonado Red-bellied Toad). Defensive behavior. Herpetological Review, 41, 200–201.
Badenhorst, C.E. (1945) Die skedelmorfologie van die neotropiese anure Atelopus moreirae de Miranda-Ribeiro. Annals of The University of Stellenbosch, 23, Section A, 1–19.
Baldo, D. & Basso, N.G. (2004) A new species of Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 (Anura: Bufonidae), with comments on the species of the genus reported for Misiones, Northeastern Argentina. Journal of Herpetology, 38, 393–403.
Baldo, D., Maneyro, R. & Laufer, G. (2010) The tadpole of Melanophryniscus atroluteus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1902) (Anura: Bufonidae) from Argentina and Uruguay. Zootaxa, 2615, 66–68.
Baldo, D., Cotichelli, L., Pereyra, M., Borteiro, C., Netto, F., Kolenc, F., Brusquetti, F. & Bidau, C. A cytogenetic survey of the genus Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 (Anura: Bufonidae). Journal of Herpetology (in press).
Bernardo-Silva, J.S., Rocha Dos Santos, R. & Both, C. (2010) The tadpole of Melanophryniscus cambaraensis Braun & Braun, 1979 (Anura: Bufonidae). Zootaxa, 2569, 67–68.
Bidau, C.J., Martí, D.A. & Baldo, D. (2011) Inter- and intraspecific geographic variation of body size in south american redbelly toads of the genus Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 (Anura: Bufonidae). Journal of Herpetology, 45, 66–74.
Borteiro, C., Kolenc, F., Tedros, M. & Gutiérrez, F. (2005) Geographic distribution: Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus. Herpetological Review, 36, 199–200.
Bokermann, W.C.A. (1966) Lista anotada das localidades tipo de anfibios brasileiros. Serviço de Documentação, Reitoria da Universidade de São Paulo, 183 pp.
Boulenger, G.A. (1905) Descriptions of new tailless batrachians in the collection of the British Museum.Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 180–184.
Braun, P.C. & Braun, C.A.S. (1980) Lista prévia dos anfíbios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia (Série Zoologia), 56, 121–146.
Cairo, S.L. & di Tada, I.E. (2005) Patrones de coloración de Melanophryniscus sp. (Anura: Bufonidae) en Sierra de la Ventana (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española, 16, 44–49.
Canavero, A., Carreira, S., Langone, J.A., Achaval, F., Borteiro, C., Camargo, A., da Rosa, I., Estrades, A., Fallabrino, A., Kolenc, F., López-Mendilaharsu, M.M., Maneyro, R., Meneghel, M., Núñez, D., Prigioni, C.M. & Ziegler, L. (2010) Conservation status assessment of the amphibians and reptiles of Uruguay. Iheringia (Série Zoologia), 100, 5–12.
Cannatella, D.C. (1986) A new genus of bufonid (Anura) from South America and phylogenetic relationships of the Neotropical genera. Herpetologica, 42, 197–205.
Caramaschi, U. & Cruz, C.A.G. (2002) Taxonomic status of Atelopus pachyrhynus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, redescription of Melanophryniscus tumifrons (Boulenger, 1905), and descriptions of two new species of Melanophryniscus from the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 60, 303–314.
Caramaschi, U. & Cruz, C.A.G. (2011) A new possibly threatened species of Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Bazil, (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, 528, 1–9.
Céspedez, J.A. (2008) Una nueva especie de Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 de Argentina (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae). Facena, 24, 35–48.
Céspedez, J.A. & Alvarez, B.B. (2000 “1999”) Una nueva especie de Melanophryniscus (Anura: Bufonidae) del grupo stelzneri de Corrientes, Argentina. Facena, 15, 57−67.
Céspedez, J.A. & Motte, M. (2001) Distribución de sapos del género Melanophryniscus (Gallardo, 1961) en Argentina y Paraguay (Anura: Bufonidae). Boletín de la Asociación de Herpetología Española, 12, 71–76.
Céspedez, J.A. & Motte, M. (2007) Una nueva especie de Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 de Paraguay (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae). Facena, 23, 31−42.
Colombo, P., Zank, C, Schmidt, L.E.C., Gonçalves, G. & Marinho, J.R. (2007) Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae, Melanophryniscus simplex: Distribution extension. Check List, 3, 305–307.
Cruz, C.A.G. & Caramaschi, U. (2003) Taxonomic status of Melanophryniscus stelzneri dorsalis (MERTENS, 1933) and Melanophryniscus stelzneri fulvoguttatus (MERTENS, 1937) (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, 500, 1–11.
Daly, J.W., Garraffo, H.M., Spande, T.F., Yeh, H.J.C., Peltzer, P.M., Cacivio, P.M., Baldo, J.D. & Faivovich, J. (2008) Indolizidine 239Q and quinolizidine 275I. Major alkaloids in two Argentinian bufonid toads (Melanophryniscus). Toxicon, 52, 858–870.
Darst, C.R. & Cannatella, D.C. (2004) Novel relationships among hyloid frogs inferred from 12S and 16S mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31, 462–475.
Delfino, G., Brizzi, R., Kracke-Berndorff, R. & Alvarez, B. (1998) Serous gland dimorphism in the skin of Melanophryniscus stelzneri (Anura: Bufonidae). Journal of Morphology, 237, 19–32.
Di-Bernardo, M., Maneyro, R. & Grillo, H. (2006) New species of Melanophryniscus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology, 40, 261–266.
Dinerstein, E., Olson, D.M., Graham, D.J., Webster, A.L., Primm, S.A., Bookbinder, M.P. & Ledec, G. (1995) A Conservation Assessment of the Terrestrial Ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean. The World Bank and World Wildlife Fundation, Washington, 129 pp.
Dos Santos, T.G., Maneyro, R., Cechin, S.Z. & Haddad, C,F.B. (2011) Breeding habitat and natural history notes of the toad Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) (Anura: Bufonidae) in Southern Brazil. Herpetological Bulletin, 116, 15–18.
Duellman, W.E. (1993) Amphibian Species of the World: additions and corrections. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Special Publication, No. 21.
Duellman, W.E. & Trueb, L. (1994) Biology of Amphibians. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 670 pp.
Echeverría, D.D. (1992) Microscopía electrónica de barrido del aparato bucal de las larvas de Melanophryniscus stelzneri (Weyemberg, 1875) (Anura, Bufonidae). Alytes, 10, 137–143.
Echeverría, D.D. (1998) Aspectos de la reproducción in-vitro y del desarrollo larval de Melanophryniscus stelzneri (WEYENBERGH, 1875) (Anura, Bufonidae) con comentarios acerca del órgano de Bidder. Alytes, 15, 158–170.
Evia, G. & Gudynas, E. (2000) Ecología del Paisaje en Uruguay. Aportes para la Conservación de la Diversidad Biológica, MVOTMA, AECI, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, 173 pp.
Faivovich, J, Haddad, C.F.B., Baêta, D., Jungfer, K.H., Álvarez, G.F.R., Brandão, R.A., Sheil, C., Barrientos, L.S., Barrio-Amorós, C.L., Cruz, C.A.G. & Wheeler, W.C. (2010) The phylogenetic relationships of the charismatic poster frogs, Phyllomedusinae (Anura, Hylidae). Cladistics, 25, 1–35.
Fouquet, A., Green, D.M., Waldman, B., Bowsher, J.H., McBride, K.P. & Gemmell, N.J. (2010) Phylogeography of Leiopelma hochstetteri reveals strong genetic structure and suggests new conservation priorities. Conservation Genetics, 11, 907–919.
Frost, D.R. (1985) Amphibian species of the world: a taxonomic and geographical reference. Published as a Joint Venture of Allen Press, Inc. and The Association Systematics Collections Lawrence, Kansas, 732 pp.
Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., de Sá, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D. & Wheeler, W.C. (2006) The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, 1–370.
Gallardo, J.M. (1961) La ubicación sistemática y distribución geográfica de Brachycephalidae argentinos. In: Iª Reunión de Trabajo y Comunicaciones de Ciencias Naturales y Geografía del Litoral Argentino. Universidad Nacional de Santa Fe, Santa Fe, pp. 205–212.
Gallardo, J.M. (1987) Anfibios Argentinos. Guía para su identificación. Librería Agropecauria, Biblioteca Mosaico, Buenos Aires, 98 pp.
Garcia, P.C.A. & Vinciprova, G. (2003) Anfíbios. In: Fontana, C.S., Bencke, G.A. & Reis, R.E. (Eds.), Livro vermelho da fauna ameaçada de extinção no Rio Grande do Sul. EDIPUCRS, Porto Alegre, pp. 147–164.
Graybeal, A. & Cannatella, D.C. (1995) A new taxon of Bufonidae from Peru, with descriptions of two new species and a review of phylogenetic status of supraspecific bufonid taxa. Herpetologica, 51, 105–131.
Haad, M.B., Vera Candioti, M.F. & Baldo, D. (2011) Shape variation in lentic and lotic tadpoles of Melanophryniscus (Anura: Bufonidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 46, 91−99.
Haas, A. (2003) Phylogeny of frogs as inferred from primarily larval characters (Amphibia: Anura). Cladistics, 19, 23−89.
Kaplan, M. (2004) Evaluation and redefinition of the states of anuran pectoral girdle architecture. Herpetologica, 60, 84–97.
Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K. & Miyata, T. (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Research, 30, 3059–66.
Klappenbach, M.A. (1968) Notas herpetológicas IV. El género Melanophryniscus (Amphibia, Salientia) en el Uruguay, con la descripción de dos nuevas especies. Comunicaciones Zoológicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 9, 118, 1–12.
Klappenbach, M.A. & Langone, J.A. (1992) Lista sistemática y sinonímica de los anfibios del Uruguay con comentarios y notas sobre su distribución. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 8, 163–222.
Kocher, T.D., Thomas, W.K., Meyer, A., Edwards, S.V., Päbo, S., Villablanca, F.X. & Wilson, A.C. (1989) Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals: amplification and sequencing with conserved primers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 86, 6196–6200.
Kolenc, F. (1987) Anuros del género Melanophryniscus en la República Oriental del Uruguay. Aquamar, 5, 16–21.
Kolenc, F., Borteiro, C., Tedros, M., Nieto, M., Gutiérrez, F. & Prigioni, C. (2003a) Primer hallazgo de Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai Prigioni & Langone, 1986 (Anura: Bufonidae) fuera de su localidad típica y algunos comentarios sobre su biología. Boletín de la Sociedad Zoológica del Uruguay (2a época), 14, 29–31.
Kolenc, F., Borteiro, C. & Tedros, M. (2003b) La larva de Hyla uruguaya Schmidt, 1944 (Anura: Hylidae), con comentarios sobre su biología en Uruguay y su status taxonómico. Cuadernos de Herpetología, 17, 87–100.
Kolenc, F., Borteiro, C., Tedros, M. & Prigioni, C. (2007) The tadpole of Scinax aromothyella (Anura: Hylidae) from Uruguay. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 42, 175–180.
Kwet, A. & Miranda, T. (2001) Zur biologie und taxonomie der schwarzkröte Melanophryniscus atroluteus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920). Herpetofauna, 23, 19–27.
Kwet, A., Maneyro, R., Zillikens, A. & Mebs, D. (2005) Advertisement calls of Melanophryniscus dorsalis (Mertens, 1933) and M. montevidensis (Philippi, 1902), two parapatric species from southern Brazil and Uruguay, with comments on morphological variation in the Melanophryniscus stelzneri group (Anura: Bufonidae). Salamandra, 41, 1–18.
Langone, J.A. (“1994” 1995) Ranas y sapos del Uruguay (reconocimientos y aspectos biológicos). Museo Damaso Antonio Larrañaga, Serie de Divulgación 5, 1–123.
Langone, J.A. (2003) Diversidad de la Biota Uruguaya. Amphibia. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural y Antropología, 10, 1–12.
Langone, J.A. (2011) Threats to Uruguayan Amphibians. In: Heatwole, H., Barrio-Amorós, C.L. & Wilkinson, J.W. (Eds.), Amphibian Biology. Volume 9. Status of decline of Amphibians: Western Hemisphere. Part 2. Uruguay, Brazil, Ecuador and Colombia. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Sydney, pp. 79–84.
Langone, J.A., Maneyro, R. & Arrieta, D. (2004) Present knowledge of the status of amphibian conservation in Uruguay. In: Wilkinson, J.W. (Ed.), Collected DAPTF Working Group Reports: Ten Years On. Department of Biological Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, pp. 83–87.
Langone, J.A., Segalla, M.V., Bornschein, M. & de Sá, R.O. (2008) A new reproductive mode in the genus Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 (Anura: Bufonidae) with description of a new species from the state of Paraná, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 3, 1–9.
Larson, P.M., de Sá, R. O. & Arrieta, D. (2003) Chondrocranial, hyobranchial and internal oral morphology in larvae of the basal bufonid genus Melanophryniscus (Amphibia: Anura). Acta Zoologica, 84, 145–154.
Laurent, R.F. (1973) Variación geográfica de Melanophryniscus rubriventris (Vellard). Acta Zoológica Lilloana, 26, 317–336.
Lavilla, E.O. & Cei, J.M. (2001) Amphibians of Argentina. A second update, 1987–2000. Monografie Museo Regionali di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 28, 1–175.
Lavilla, E.O. & Vaira, M. (1997) La larva de Melanophryniscus rubriventris rubriventris (Vellard, 1947) (Anura, Bufonidae). Alytes, 15, 19–25.
Lema, T.D. & Martins, L.A. (2011) Anfíbios do Rio Grande do Sul. Catálogo, Diagnoses, Distribuição, Iconografia. EDIPUCRS, Porto Alegre, 196 pp.
Lutz, B. (1972) Geographical and ecological notes on cisandine to platine frogs. Journal of Herpetology, 6, 83–100.
Lynch, J.D. (1971) Evolutionary relationships, osteology, and zoogeography of leptodactyloid frogs. Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas, 53, 1–238.
Lynch, J.D. & Duellman, W.E. (1997) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador. Systematics, ecology and biogeography. Special Publications, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, 23, 1–236.
Maneyro, R., Forni, F. & Santos, M. (1995) Anfibios del Departamento de Rocha. PROBIDES, Serie Divulgación Técnica, 1, 1–24.
Maneyro, R. & Kwet, A. (2008) Amphibians in the border region between Uruguay and Brazil: Updated species list with comments on taxonomy and natural history (Part I: Bufonidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A (Neue Serie), 1, 95–121.
Maneyro, R. & Langone, J.A. (2001) Categorización de los anfibios del Uruguay. Cuadernos de Herpetología, 15, 107–118.
Manzano, A.S., Baldo, D. & Barg, M. (2004) Anfibios del Litoral Argentino. Temas de la Biodiversidad del Litoral fluvial argentino. INSUGEO, Miscelánea, 12, 5–12.
Mebs, M., Pogoda, W., Maneyro, R. & Kwet, A. (2005) Studies on the poisonous skin secretions of individual red bellied toads, Melanophryniscus montevidensis (Anura, Bufonidae), from Uruguay. Toxicon 46, 641–650.
McDiarmid, R.W. (1971) Comparative morphology and evolution of frogs of the Neotropical genera Atelopus, Dendrophryniscus, Melanophryniscus & Oreophrynella. Bulletin of Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, 12, 1–66.
McDiarmid, R.W. (1972) La posición sistemática de la rana Atelopus rubriventris Vellard. Physis, 31,15–21.
Miranda-Ribeiro, A. de (1920) Os Brachycephalideos do Museu Paulista. Revista do Museu Paulista, 12, 307–313.
Miranda-Ribeiro, A. de (1926) Notas para servirem ão estudo dos Gymnobatrachios brasileiros. Tomo I. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 27, 1–227.
Moritz, C., Schneider, C.J. & Wake, D.B. (1992) Evolutionary relationships within the Ensatina eschscholtzii complex confirm the ring species interpretation. Systematic Biology, 41, 273–291.
Müller, L. (1934) Über eine neue Rasse von Atelopus cruciger (Licht. u. Marts.) von Venezuela. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 108, 145–155.
Naya, D., Langone, J.A. & de Sá, R.O. (2004) Características histológicas de la tumefacción frontal de Melanophryniscus (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 77, 593–598.
Noonan, B.P. & Gaucher, P. (2005) Phylogeography and demography of Guianan harlequin toads (Atelopus): diversification within a refuge. Molecular Ecology, 14, 3017–3031.
Núñez, D., Maneyro, R., Langone, J.A. & de Sá, R.O. (2004) Distribución geográfica de la fauna de anfibios del Uruguay. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, 134, 1–34.
Pramuk, J.B. (2006) Phylogeny of South American Bufo. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 146, 407–452.
Pramuuk, J.B., Robertson, T., Sites, J. & Noonan, B. (2008) Around the world in 10 million years: biogeography of the nearly cosmopolitan true toads (Anura: Bufonidae). Global Ecology and Biogeography, 17, 72–83.
Prigioni, C.M. & Arrieta, D. (1992) Descripción de la larva de Melanophryniscus sanmartini Klappenbach, 1968 (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Boletín de la Sociedad Zoológica del Uruguay, 7, 57–58.
Prigioni, C.M. & Langone, J.A. (1987 "1986") Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai n. sp. un nuevo Bufonidae (Amphibia, Anura) de Uruguay, con una clave para las especies del grupo tumifrons. Comunicaciones Zoológicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 159, 1–11.
Prigioni, C.M. & Langone, J.A. (1990) Descripción de la larva de Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai Prigioni & Langone 1986 (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Comunicaciones Zoológicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 173, 1–9.
Prigioni, C.M. & Langone, J.A. (2000) Una nueva especie de Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961, de Argentina y Paraguay (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Comunicaciones Zoológicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 195, 1−11.
Stuart, S.N., Hoffmann, M., Chanson, J.S., Cox, N.A., Berridge, R.J., Ramani, P. & Young, B.E. (2008) Threatened Amphibians of the World. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona; IUCN, Gland; and Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, 758 pp.
Taylor, W.R. & Van Dyke, G.C. (1985) Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cybium, 9, 107−119.
Toledo, L.F., Sazima, I. & Haddad, C.F.B. (2011) Behavioural defences of anurans: An overview. Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 23, 1–25.
Trewavas, E. (1933) The hyoid and larynx of the anura. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, B, 222, 401–527.
Vaira, M. (2002) Variación de la coloración en poblaciones argentinas de Melanophryniscus rubriventris (Vellard, 1947). Cuadernos de Herpetología, 16, 151−163.
Van Bocxlaer, I.., Loader, S.P., Roelants, K., Biju, S.D., Menegon, M. & Bossuyt, F. (2010) Gradual adaptation toward a range-expansion phenotype initiated the global radiation of toads. Science, 327, 679–682.
Vaz-Silva, W., Balestrin, R.L. & Di-Bernardo, M. (2008) Rediscovery of Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) in southern Brazil, with addenda to species redescription. South American Journal of Herpetology, 3, 36–42.
Vellard, J. (1947) Un nuevo batracio del norte argentino. Acta Zoológica Lilloana, 4, 115–119.
Vences, M. & Wake, D. (2007) Speciation, species boundaries and phylogeography of amphibians. In: Heatwole, H. & Tyler, M. (Eds.), Amphibian Biology. Volume 6. Sspeciation. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Sydney, pp. 2613–2669.
Vera Candioti, M.F. (2007) Anatomy of anuran tadpoles from lentic water bodies: Systematic relevance and correlation with feeding habits. Zootaxa, 1600, 1−175.
Ziegler, L. & Maneyro, R. (2008) Clave para la identificación de los Anfibios de Uruguay (Chordata: Amphibia). Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 72 pp.