Abstract
The present study describes different preimaginal stages of Trypoxylon rogenhoferi examined by Scanning Electron Mi-croscopy (SEM) and compares the results with observations on closely related species. Some notes on the nesting habitsof this species, including their spider prey, nest parasites, and development time are provided. In short, T. rogenhoferiproved quite similar to the previous report on T. albitarse although SEM images are rarely presented in such descriptions.In fact the present study emphasized the importance of SEM images to describe fine morphological details that can beuseful characters for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. Images of some earlier development stages (first and second larval instar and egg) are presented for the first time, and compared with the few available data from other hymenopterans.O presente estudo apresenta a descrição de diversos estágios do desenvolvimento da vespa caçadora Trypoxylonrogenhoferi por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados obtidos são comparados com achadoscom outras espécies próximas. Também são fornecidas informações a cerca da biologia da espécie no local de estudo,como presas e parasitóides observados e tempo de desenvolvimento. A larva madura desta espécie se demonstrou bastantesimilar ao pouco que foi descrito com T. albitarse, apesar de que raramente imagens de MEV são apresentadas nestasdescrições. O presente estudo demonstra a importância de imagens de ultraestrutura que podem revelar detalhes úteis paraa diagnose de espécies e estudos filogenéticos. Pela primeira vez se descrevem estádios imaturos mais jovens de vespas deste grupo, que foram comparados com dados de outros grupos de himenópteros.References
Asís, J.D.; Tormos J. & Gayubo, S.F. (1994) Biological observations on Trypoxylon attenuatum and description of its mature larvae and its natural enemy Trichysis cyanea (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Chrysididae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 67, 199–207.
Bressan-Nascimento S., Oliveira, D.M.P. & Fox, E.G.P. (2008). Thermal requirements for the embryonic development of Periplaneta americana (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) with potential application in mass-rearing of egg parasitoids. Biological Control, 47, 268–272.
Buschini, M.L.T., Borba, N.A. & Brescovit, A.D. (2008) Patterns of prey selection of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse Sausurre (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in southern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 68, 3, 519–528.
Buys, S.C. (2003) Last instar larva of Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) maidli. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 20, 447–449.
Buyz, S.C. (2005) Description of the last instar larva of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) albitarse Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) from Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 22, 696–698.
Buys, S.C. (2007) Morphology of the last instar larva of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) aestivale Richards, 1934, with notes on preys and parasitoids. Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins, 32, 143–150.
Capek, M. (1970) A new classification of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) based on the cephalic structures of the final instar larvae and biological evidence. The Canadian Entomologist, 102, 846–875.
Coville, R.E. (1982) Wasps of the genus Trypoxylon subgenus Trypargylum in North America. University of California Press, California.
Evans, H.E. & Lin, C.S. (1956) Studies on the larvae of digger wasps (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) Part I: Sphecinae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 81, 131–153.
Evans, H.E. (1957) Studies on the larvae of digger wasps (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) Part III: Philanthinae, Trypoxylinae, and Crabroninae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 83, 79–117.
Evans, H.E. (1959) The larvae of the Ampulicidae (Hymenoptera). Entomological News, 70, 57–61.
Evans, H.E. (1964) The classification and evolution of digger wasps as suggested by larval characters (Hymenoptera; Sphecoidea). Entomological News, 75, 225–237.
Finlayson, T. (1967) A classification of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) based on first-instar larval characteristics. The Canadian Entomologist, 99, 2–8.
Fox, E.G.P., Solis, D.R., Jesus, C.M., Bueno, O.C., Yabuki, A.T. & Rossi, M.L. (2007) On the immature stages of the crazy ant Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille 1802) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 1503, 1–11.
Fox, E.G.P., Solis, D.R., Rossi, M.L., Delabie, J.H.C., Souza, R.F., Bueno, O.C. (2012) Comparative Immature Morphology of Brazilian Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Solenopsis). Psyche, in press, doi:10.1155/2012/183284
Iida, T. (1969). Contributions to the knowledge on the sphecid larvae in Japan (Hymenoptera). Part I. Konty°, 37, 272-279.
Levi, H.W. (1992) Spiders of the orb-weaver genus Parawixia in America (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 153, 1–46.
Pulawski, W. (2012) Catalog of Sphecidae: Trypoxylon. Available from http://research.calacademy.org/sites/research.calacademy.org/files/Departments/ent/sphecidae/Genera_and_species_pdf/Trypoxylon.pdf
Marston, N. (1971) Taxonomic study of the known pupae of pupae of the genus Anthrax (Diptera: Bombyliidae) in North and South America. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.
Santoni, M.M., Brescovit, A.D. & Lama, M.A.D. (2009) Ocupação diferencial do habitat por vespas do gênero Trypoxylon (Trypargylum) Latreille (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53, 107–114.
Schultz, T.R. & Meier, R. (1995) A phylogenetic analysis of the fungus-growing ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Attini) based on morphological characters of the larvae. Systematic Entomology, 20, 337–370.
Soika, A.G. (1934). Etudes sur les larves des hymenoptéres. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 103, 337-344.
Solis, D.R., Fox, E.G.P., Rossi, M.L., Moretti, T.C. & Bueno, O.C. (2010) Description of the immatures of workers of the ant Camponotus vittatus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The Florida Entomologist, 93, 265–276.
Solis, D.R., Fox, E.G.P., Rossi, M.L. & Bueno, O.C. (2013). Compared morphology of the immatures of males of two urban ant species of Camponotus. Journal of Insect Science, in press.
Short, J.R.T. (1959) A description and classification of the final instar larvae of the Ichneumonidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 110, 391–511.
Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. (1976) Ant larvae: Review and synthesis. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 7, 1–108.
Williams, F.X. (1919) Philippine wasp studies. Bulletin of the Experimental Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Entomological Series, 14, 1–186.
Yoshimoto, C.M. (1964) Nesting activity and larval description of Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) bicolor Smith (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in Hawaii. Pacific Insects, 6, 517–521.