Abstract
Three new species of bibionid flies are described from the late Oligocene deposit of Bes-Konak, Anatolia, Turkey: Bibio ana-tolicus sp.n., Bibio nigricosta sp.n. and Penthetria beskonakensis sp.n. These genera are associated with temperate climate,contrasting with the bibionid Oligocene fossils from some other European localities with warmer climates, where the intertropical genus Plecia often predominates.Keywords: Bibio, Penthetria, Cenozoic, palaeoclimatic indicatorsReferences
Bachmayer, F., Symeonidis, N. & Theodoropoulos, D. (1971) Einige Insektenreste aus den Jungtertiären Süsswasserablagerungen von Kumi (Insel Euboea, Griechenland). Annales de Géologie des Pays Helléniques, 23, 165–174.
Blaschke-Berthold, U. (1994) Anatomie und Phylogenie der Bibionomorpha (Insecta, Diptera). Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 34, 1–205.
Collomb, J.C., Nel, A., Fleck, G. & Waller, A. (2008) March flies and European palaeoclimates (Diptera, Bibionidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, (N. S.), 44, 161–179.
Evenhuis, N.L. (1994) Catalogue of the fossil flies of the world. Backhuys Publishers,Leiden. 600 pp, (Bibionidae pp. 122–133)
Fitzgerald, S.J. (2004) Evolution and classification of Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha). PhD thesis, Oregon State University.
Gee, J., Nel, A., Menier, J.-J. & De Ploëg, G. (2001) A new lovebug fly (Insecta: Diptera: Bibionidae) from the lowermost Eocene amber of the Paris Basin. Geodiversitas, 23, 341–348.
Gentilini, G. (1991a) Bibionidae (Diptera: Nematocera) from the Upper Miocene of Monte Castellaro (Marche, Central Italy). Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona, 15, 425–446.
Gentilini, G. (1991b) Occurrence of the genus Penthetria Meigen, 1803 from the Lower Messinian of Central Italy. Bolletino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, Genova, 123, 62–66.
Geoffroy, E.L. (1762) Histoire abrégée des insectes qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris. 2. Paris, 690 pp.
Handlirsch, A. (1906–1908) Die fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der rezenten Formen. Ein Handbuch für Paläontologen und Zoologen. 1430 pp. (Engelman, V.W. publ., Leipzig) [published in parts between 1906 and 1908 as follows: pp. i–vi, 1–160, pls. 1–9 (May 1906); pp. 161–320, pls. 10–18 (June 1906); pp. 321–480, pls. 19–27 (August 1906); pp. 481–640, pls. 28–36 (October 1906); pp. 641–800, pls. 37–45 (February 1907); pp. 801–960, pls. 46–51 (June 1907); pp. 961–1120 (November 1907); pp. 1121–1280 (January 1908); pp. vii–ix, 1281–1430 (July 1908). Dated from publication information given on p. ix.]
Heer, O. (1849) Die Insektenfauna der Tertiärgebilde von Œningen und von Radoboj in Croatien. Zweite Abtheilung: Heuschrecken, Florfliegen, Aderflüger, Schmetterlinge und Fliegen. Leipzig, Engelmann, W. (ed.). Neue Denkschriften Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, Zurich, 11, iv + 264 pp.
Heer, O. (1856) Über die fossilen Insekten von Aix. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zurich, 1, 1–40.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. (1957) Opinion 441. Validation under the plenary powers of the names for five genera in the Order Diptera (Class Insecta) published in 1762 by Geoffroy (E.L.) in the work entitled ― Histoire abrégée des insectes qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris.‖ (Opinion supplementary to Opinion 228.). Opinions and Declarations of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. London. 15, 83–120.
Latreille, P.A. (1810) Considerations generales sur l'ordre naturel des animaux composant les classes des crustacès, des arachnides, et des insectes; avec un tableau mèthodique de leurs genres, disposès en familles. F. Schoell,Paris. 444 pp.
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. L. Salvii, Holmiae [= Stockholm]. 824 p.
Meigen, J.W. (1803) Versuch einer neuer GattungsEintheilung der europäischen zweiflügeligen Insecten. Magazin für Insektenkunde (Illiger), 2, 259–281.
Meigen, J.W. (1804) Klassifikation und Beschreibung der europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten.(Diptera Linn.). Erster Band. Abt. I. Reichard, Braunschweig.
Nel, A. (1994) Revision of the Miocene genus Lithobibio Beier, 1952 (Diptera, Bibionidae). European journal of Entomology, 91, 451–454.
Nel, A. (2007) Les Bibionidae du Paléocène de Menat (Puy-de-Dôme, France) (Diptera). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 112, 369–370.
Nel, A. & Paicheler, J.-C. (1993) Les Libellulidae fossiles. Un inventaire critique (Odon., Anisoptera, Libelluloidea). Entomologica Gallica, 4, 166–190.
Oustalet, J.F.E., (1870) Recherches sur les insectes fossiles des terrains tertiaires de la France. Annales de Sciences Géologiques, Paris, 2, 1–178.
Paicheler, J.-C. (1978) Paléoenvironnement volcanique et incidences sédimentaires; exemple du lac tertiaire de Bes-Konak (Anatolie septentrionale, Turquie) Documents du Laboratoire de Géologie de la Faculté de Sciences de Lyon, 72, 149–183.
Paicheler, J.-C. (1988) Paléoécologie des milieux lacustres oligo-miocènes de la vallée du Gürçü-Dere (Anatolie-Turquie). Thèse Doctorat d'Etat, Université de Reims, 3 volumes, unpublished, 1–465.
Paicheler, J.-C. & Blanc, C. (1981) La flore du bassin lacustre miocène de Bes-Konak. (Anatolie, Turquie). Géologie Méditerranéenne, 8, 19–60.
Paicheler, J.-C., De Broin, F., Gaudant, J., Mourer-Chauvire, C., Rage, J.C. & Vergnaud-Grazzini, C. (1978) Le bassin lacustre de Bes-Konak (Anatolie, Turquie). Géologie et introduction à la paléontologie des vertébrés. Geobios, 11, 43–65.
Paicheler, J.-C., Nel, A., Gall, J.-C. & Delclòs, X. (2007) The aquatic genus Notonecta (Insecta: Heteroptera) as a palaeo-ecological indicator of rhythmite miming sequences in shallow freshwater deposits. Journal of Taphonomy, 5, 105–120.
Pinto, L.G. & Amorim, D. de S. (2000) Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha). Morfologia e Análise Filogenética. Holos, Ribeirão Preto. 98 pp.
Piton, L. (1940) Paléontologie du gisement éocène de Menat (Puy-de-Dôme), flore et faune. Mémoire de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 1, 1–303.
Rohdendorf, B.B. (1964) Istoricheskoe razvitie dvukrylykh nasekomykh [The historical development of Diptera.] Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii nauk SSSR, Moscow, 100, 1–311. [in Russian, English translation in 1974, Alberta University Press, Edmonton.]
Rohdendorf, B.B. (1991) Order Diptera. Pp. 444–502 in: Rohdendorf, B.B. (ed.) Fundamentals of Paleontology Volume 9. Arthropoda, Tracheata, Chelicerata. 894 pp. Smithsonian Institution Libraries/ The National Science Foundation, Washington D.C.
Skartveit, J. (2009 (2008)) Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae from Baltic amber (Diptera: Bibionoidea). Studia dipterologica, 15, 3–42.
Skartveit, J. & Willassen, E. (1996) Phylogenetic relationships in Bibioninae (Diptera, Bibionidae). 35 pp. In: Skartveit, J.: Studies on the systematics and life histories of Bibioninae (Diptera, Bibionidae). Dr. scient. thesis, University of Bergen, ca. 300 pp.
Statz, G. (1943) Neue Dipteren (Nematocera) aus dem Oberoligozän von Rott. I. Familie Bibionidae (Haarmücken). Palaeontographica, (A) 95, 1–65.
Théobald, N. (1937) Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocènes de France. Bulletin Mensuel (Mémoires) de la Société des Sciences de Nancy, 1, 1–473.
Wedmann, S. (1998) Taphonomie der Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) aus der oberoligozänen Fossillagerstätte Enspel (Westerwald, Deutschland). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläeontologie Monatshefte, 513–528.
Wedmann, S., Poschmann, M. & Hörnschemeyer, T. (2010) Fossil insects from the Late Oligocene Enspel Lagerstätte and their palaeobiogeographic and paleoclimatic significance. Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironments, 90, 49–58.
Zhang, J.-F. (1989) [Fossil insects from Shanwang, Shandong, China.] Shandong Science and Technology Publishing House, Jinan, 459 pp. [in Chinese with abstract in English].
Zhang, J.-F., Sun, B. & Zhang, X. (1994) [Miocene insects and spiders from Shanwang, Shandong.] Science Press, Beijing, China, i–v + 1–298. [in Chinese with abstract in English.]