Abstract
The louse genus Lunaceps Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1939, parasitic on shorebirds (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae) is re-vised. Six new species and one new subspecies of Lunaceps Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1939 parasitic on shorebirds (Char-adriiformes, Scolopacidae) are described. They are L. enigmaticus sp. nov. from Stilt Sandpiper Micropalama himantopus(Bonaparte, 1826), L. kukri sp. nov. from Long-billed Curlew Numenius americanus Bechstein, 1812, L. mintoni sp. nov.from Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris (Horsfield, 1821), L. rothkoi sp. nov. from Buff-breasted Sandpiper Tryngites sub-ruficollis (Vieillot, 1819), L. schismatus sp. nov. from Dunlin Calidris alpina (Linnaeus, 1758), L. superciliosus fromSharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata (Horsfield, 1821) and Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta (Middendorff,1853), and L. numenii madagascariensis ssp. nov. from Far Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis (Linnaeus,1766). Furthermore, the species L. cabanisi Timmermann, 1954, and L. pusillus are placed as new junior synonyms of L.incoenis (Kellogg and Chapman, 1899); the species L. haematopi Timmermann, 1954, L. oliveri Timmermann, 1954, andL. husainii Ansari, 1956, are placed as new junior synonyms of L. numenii numenii (Denny, 1842), L. numenii phaeopi(Denny, 1842), and L. falcinellus Timmermann, 1954, respectively, and the subspecies L. holophaeus timmermanniBechet, 1968, is regarded as a new junior synonym of L. falcinellus Timmermann, 1954. Lunaceps limosella limosaBechet, 1968, which was previously considered a junior synonym of L limosella Timmermann, 1954, is resurrected as avalid species. Lunaceps wilsoni Carriker, 1956, is considered a nomen dubium, and L. parabolicus Eichler (in Nietham-mer), 1953, is removed to the genus Quadraceps Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1939 as Quadraceps parabolicus comb. nov.,although its status in Quadraceps needs further attention. All species and subspecies of Lunaceps are illustrated and rede-scribed, and a key is provided for their identification. Three populations, from which only poor or limited data are available, are placed as incerta sedis.References
Adam, C. (2007a) Bibliographia Phthirapterologica (Insecta: Phthiraptera) Romaniae. Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 50, 135–144.
Adam, C. (2007b) Data on the chewing louse fauna (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from some Romanian autochthonous and exotic birds. Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa”, 50, 145–201.
Ansari, M.A.R. (1947) Mallophaga (Ischnocera) infesting birds in the Punjab (India). Proceedings of the National Institute of Science of India, 13, 253–303.
Ansari, M.A.R. (1956) Studies on the ischnoceron [sic!] Mallophaga infesting birds in Pakistan. Proceedings of the Seventh Pakistan Scientific Conference, Biology, Bahawalpur, 42–62.
Ansari, M.A.R. (1958) Studies on Ischnoceran Mallophaga infesting birds in the Panjab. The Indian Journal of Entomology, 20, 77–103.
Audubon, J.J.L. (1838) The Birds of America; from original drawings by John James Audubon. Published by the author, New York. 435 pl.
Baker, A.J., Pereira, S.L. & Paton, T.A. (2007) Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of Charadriiform genera: multigene evidence for the Cretaceous origin of at least 14 clades of shorebirds. Biology Letters, 3, 205–209.
Balát, F. (1977) Enumerato insectorum Bohemoslovakiae: Mallophaga. Acta faun. Ent. Mus. Nat. Pragae, 15, Suppl. 4, 45–52.
Bechet, I. (1968) Specii de Lunaceps (Insecta, Mallophaga) din fauna României. Comunicari de Zoologie, 6, 125–129.
Bechstein, J.M. (1812) Johann Lathams Allgemeine Uebersicht der Vogel. Uebersetzt von Bechstein. 8 Teile, nebst Register. Weigel und Schneider, Nuremberg. 536 p.
Bird, J.P., Lees, A.C., Chowdury, S.U., Martin, R. & Ul Haque, E. (2010) A survey of the Critically Endangered Spoon-billed Sandpiper Eurynorhynchus pygmeus in Bangladesh and key future research and conservation recommendations. Forktail, 26, 1–8.
Bishop, L.B. (1910) Two new subspecies of North American Birds. The Auk, 27, 5963.
Blagoveshtchensky, D.I. (1948) Mallophaga s ptiz barabinsckich ozer (I). Parazitologieeskij Zbornik, 10, 259–294.
Blagoveshtchensky, D.I. (1958) Mallophaga and Anoplura from animals of the Wrangel Island. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 37, 374–379.
Boddaert, P. (1783) Table des Planches Enluminéez d’Histoire Naturelle de M. D’Aubenton. Utrecht. xv+66 p.
Boere, G.C. & Yurlov, A.K. (1998) In search of the Slender-billed Curlew (Numenius tenuirostris) Preliminary results of an expedition to wetlands and waterbirds of the Baraba and Karasuk steppe in the south of West Siberia, Russian federation, 17 May – 22 June, 1997. Wader Study Group Bulletin, 85, 35–38.
Bojko, G.W. & Nowak, E. (1996) Observation of a Slender-billed Curlew Numenius tenuirostris in west Siberia. Wader Study Group Bulletin, 81, 79.
Bonaparte, C.L.J.L. (1826) Annals of Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 2, 157.
Borowik, O.A. & McLennan, D.A. (1999) Phylogenetic patterns of parental care in Calidrine sandpipers. The Auk, 116, 1107–1117.
Brander, T. (1969) Tutkimus Suomen väiveistä, Mallophaga. Luonis-Hämeen Luonto, 35, 1–16.
Brehm, C.L. & Schilling, W. (1822) Beiträge zur Vogelkunde in vollständigen Beschriebungen mehrerer neu entdeckter und vieler seltner, oder nicht gehörig beobacheteter deutscher Vögel mit fünf Kupfertafeln, Vol. III. Neustadt. 948 p.
Brehm, C.L. (1831) Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vogel Deutschlands. Ilmenau. xxiv+1088 p.
Brünnich, M.T. (1764) M. Th. Brunnidhii Ornithologia borealis. Hafniae. xiii+80 p.
Butler, G.D. Jr. (1961) Insects and other arthropods from Laysan Island. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 17, 379–387.
Butler, G.D. Jr. & Usinger, R.L., (1963) Insects and other invertebrates from Laysan Island. Atoll Research Bulletin, 98, 1–30.
Butler, W.F. & Pfaffenberger, G.S. (1981) Notes on parasites of the Long-billed Curlew, Numenius americanus, from far eastern New Mexico. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 17, 537–538.
Cabanis, J.L. (1857) Dr. J. Gundlach’s Beiträge zur Ornithologie Cuba’s.. Journal für Ornithologie, 4, 417–432.
Cabot, D. (1975) Feather lice (Mallophaga) from Charadriiform birds collected at Galway Bay, Co. Galway. Irish Naturalists Journal, 18, 145–150.
Carriker, M.A. Jr. (1956) Report on a collection of Mallophaga, largely Mexican (Part II). Florida Entomologist, 39, 19–43, 69–84, 119–132.
Clay, T. (1951) An introduction to a classification of the avian Ischnocera (Mallophaga): Part I. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 102, 171–194.
Clay, T. & Meinertzhagen, R. (1939) Three new genera of Mallophaga from Charadriiformes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 11, 450–454.
Coues, E. (1873) Report on the Prybilov Group, or, Seal islands, of Alaska. By Henry Elliott. Washington Governmental Print Office, 80–115.
Danilenko, A.K., Boere, G.C. & Lebedeva E.A. (1996) Looking for the recent breeding grounds of Slender-billed Curlew: a habitat-based approach. Wader Study Group Bulletin, 81, 71–78.
Dresser, H.E. (1876) Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London, 3, 674.
Denny, H. (1842) Monographia Anoplurorum Britanniae or an Essay on the British Species of Parasitic Insects. Henry G. Bohn, London, xxvi+262 p.
Dik, B., Sakercioglu, C.H., Kirpik, M.A., Inak, S. & Uslu, U. (2010) Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) species found on Turkish Shorebirds (Charadriiformes). Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 16, 867–874.
Edwards, R.L. (1952) Notes on some of Osborn’s Mallophaga types and the description of a new genus, Rotundiceps (Philopteridae). Psyche, 59, 26–30.
Eichler, W. (1953) Mallophagen. In: Niethammer, G (Ed). Zur Vogelwelt Boliviens. Bonner Zoologischer Beiträge, 4, 195–303.
Eichler, W. (1959) Mallophagen von Balaeniceps rex. Senckenbergiana biologica, 40, 63–68.
Eichler, W. & Hackman, W. (1973) Finnische Mallophagen. I. Geschichtlicher Überblick über die Mallophagenforschung in Finnland, enumeratio mallophagorum fenniae, Bibliographie der gesamten finnischen Mallophagenliteratur. Lounais-Hämeen Luonto, 46, 78–100.
Emerson, K.C. (1961) The Vernon L. Kellogg Mallophaga type material in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 63, 247–254.
Emerson, K.C. (1965) The Vernon L. Kellogg Mallophaga type material in the Cornell University collection. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 67, 46–50.
Emerson, K.C. (1972) Checklist of the Mallophaga of North America (North of Mexico). Part I Suborder Ischnocera. Deseret Test Centre, Dugway Proving Grounds, Utah, 1–200.
Emerson, K.C. & Ward, R.A. (1958) Notes on Philippine Mallophaga, I. Species from Ciconiiformes, Anseriformes, Falconiformes, Galliformes, Gruiformes, and Charadriiformes. Fieldiana Zoology, 42, 49–61.
Fain, M.G. & Houde, P. (2007) Multilocus perspective on the monophyly and phylogeny of the order Charadriiformes (Aves). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 7, 35.
Fedorenko, I.A. (1968) Mallophaga of snipes of the Northern Area of the Black Sea II. Suborder Ischnocera. Zoological Report, 3, 71–78.
Ferris, G.F. (1923) Mallophaga. Report of the Scientific Results of the Norwegian Expedition to Novaya Zemlya, 8, 11–12.
Forrester, D.J., Kale II, H.W., Price, R.D., Emerson, K.C. & Foster, G.W. (1995) Chewing lice (Mallophaga) from birds in Florida: a listing by host. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 39, 1–44.
Forster, J.R. (1772) An account of the birds sent from Hudson’s Bay; with observations relative to their natural history; and Latin descriptions of some of the most uncommon. Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society of London 62, 382–433.
Gibson, R. (2010) Phylogenetic relationships among the Scolopaci (Aves: Charadriiformes): Implications for the study of behavioural evolution. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto.
Giebel, C. (1874) Insecta Epizoa. Otto Wigand, Leipzig. xiv+308p.
Gmelin, J.F. (1789) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis.13th Edition. Beer, Leipzig. xii+4120 p.
Gompper, M.E. & Williams, E.S. (1998) Parasite conservation and the Black-footed Ferret recovery program. Conservation Biology, 12, 730–732.
Gould, J. (1841) Numenius minuta. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 8, 176.
Gould, J. (1846) Birds of Australia. Volume 6. Published by the author, London. 82 p.
Gustafsson, D.R., Olsson, U. (2012) Flyway homogenisation or differentiation? Insights from the phylogeny of the sandpiper (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae: Calidrinae) wing louse genus Lunaceps (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera). International Journal for Parasitology, 42, 92–102.
Haarløv, N. (1977) Ectoparasites (Mallophaga, Siphonaptera, Acarina) from birds of Jan Mayen Island, Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 24, 37–41.
Hackett, S.J., Kimball, R.T., Reddy, S., Bowie, R.C.K., Braun, E.L., Braun, M.J., Chojnowski, J.L., Cox, W.A., Han, K.-L., Harshman, J., Huddleston, C.J., Marks, B.D., Miglia, K.J., Moore, W.S., Sheldon, F.H., Steadman, D.W., Witt, C.C. & Yuri, T. (2008) A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history. Science, 320, 1763–1768.
Hackman, W. & Nyholm, E.S. (1968) Notes on the arthropod fauna of Spitsbergen II. 9. Mallophaga from Spitsbergen and Bear Island. Annales Entomologici Fennici 34, 75–82.
Harrison, L. (1916) The genera and species of Mallophaga. Parasitology, 9, 1156.
Hebert, P.D.N., Stoeckle, M.Y., Zemlak, T.S. & Francis, C.M. (2004) Identification of birds through DNA barcodes. PloS Biology, 2, 1657–1663.
Holt, J.A. (2003) New host records of chewing lice (Mallophaga) on birds in Florida II. Insecta Mundi 17, 32–44.
Hopkins, G.H.E. & Clay, T. (1952) A check list of the genera & species of Mallophaga. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London. 362 p.
Hopkins, G.H.E. & Clay, T. (1955) Additions and corrections to the Check List of Mallophaga – II. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8, 177–190.
Horsfield, T. (1821) Systematic Arrangement and Description of Birds from the Island of Java. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 13, 133–201.
Huldén, L. (1984) A check list of the Finnish insects Small Orders. Notulae Entomologicae, 64, 1–29.
Hunter, J.E. & Colwell, M.A. (1994) Phthiraptera infestation of five shorebird species. The Wilson Bulletin, 106, 400–403.
Inci, A., Yildirim, A., Dik, B. & Düzlü, Ö. (2010) Current knowledge of Turkey’s louse fauna. Turkiye Parazitologi Dergisi, 34, 212–220
IUCN (2011a) Numenius tenuirostris. Version 2011.1. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available from <www.iucnredlist.org>. Retrieved on 25 October 2011.
IUCN (2011b) Numenius borealis. Version 2011.1. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available from <www.iucnredlist.org>. Retrieved on 25 October 2011.
IUCN (2011c) Eurynorhynchus pygmeus. Version 2011.1. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available from <www.iucnredlist.org Retrieved on 25 October 2011.
IUCN (2011d) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. Available from <www.iucnredlist.org>. Retrieved on 25 October 2011.
Johnston, T.H. & Harrison, L. (1911) On a collection of Mallophaga from the Kermadecs. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 44, 363–373.
Keirans, J.E. (1967) The Mallophaga of New England Birds. Station Bulletin of the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of New Hampshire, 492, xii+179 p.
Kellogg, V.L. & Chapman, B.L. (1899) Mallophaga from birds of California. Occasional Papers of the Californian Academy for Science, 6, 53–143.
Kellogg, V.L. & Mann, W.M. (1912) Mallophaga from Islands off Lower California. Entomological News, 23, 56–65.
Latham, J. (1790) Index ornithologicus, sive, Systema ornithologiae, complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates, adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c. / Studio et opera Joannis Latham. London. 2 vol. xviii+920 p.
Ledger, J.A. (1980) The arthropod parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara. Volume IV. Phthiraptera (Insecta). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 56, 1–327.
Leisler, J.P.A. (1812) Nachträge zu Bechsteins Naturgeschichte Deutchlands. Johan Gebhard Scharner, Hanau, 102 p.
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 10th Edition. Salvius, Stockholm. iv+824 p.
Linnaeus, C. (1766) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 12th Edition. Salvius, Stockholm. 1327+36 p.
Literák, I. (1983) Ektoparazité na Ptácích (Passeriformes, Charadriiformes) protahujícich Moravskou Bránou. Veterinární Medicína (Praha), 28, 737–744.
Lyal, C.H.C. (1986).External genitalia of Psocodea, with particular reference to lice (Phthiraptera). Zoologischer Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, 114, 277–292.
Malcomson, R.O. (1960) Mallophaga from birds of North America. The Wilson Bulletin, 72, 182–197.
Martín Mateo, M.P. (2006) Diversidad y Distribución de las especies de Mallophaga (Insecta) en Aves y Mamíferos de la Comunidad de Madrid. Graellsia 62 (número extraordinario), 21–32.
Mathews, G.M. (1913) The Birds of Australia. Vol. 3. H. F. & G. Witherby, London. 512+xvii p.
Mayberry, L.F., Canaris, A.G. & Bristol, J.R. (2000) Bibliography of parasites and vertebrate hosts in Arizona, New Mexico and Texas (1893–1984). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, 1–101.
Message, S., Taylor, D. (2005) Waders of Europe, Asia and North America. Christopher Helm Publishing Ltd., London. 224 p.
Mey, E. (1990) Eine neue ausgestorbene Vogel-Ischnozere von Neuseeland, Huiacola extinctus (Insecta, Phthiraptera). Zoologische Anzieger, 224, 49–73.
Mey, E. (2005) Psittacobrosus bechsteini: ein neuer ausgestorbener Federling (Insecta, Phthiraptera, Amblycera) vom Dreifarbenara Ara tricolor (Psittaciformes), nebst einer annotierten Übersicht über fossile und rezent ausgestorbene Tierläuse. Anzeiger des Vereins Thüringer Ornithologen, 5, 201–217.
Mjöberg, E. (1910) Studien über Mallophagen und Anopluren. Arkiv för Zoologi, 6, 1–267.
von Middendorff, A.T. (1853) Reise in den aussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens wärhend 1843 und 1844 auf Veranstaltung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg ausgefuhrt und herausgegeben von A. T. von Middendorff. Vol. II. Part II. St. Petersburg. Buchdruckerei der Kaiserlischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg. 143 p.
Nankinov, D. (1991) Sightings of Slender-billed Curlew Numenius tenuirostris (Vieillot, 1817) in the Balkan Countries. Wader Study Group Bulletin, 62, 24–32.
Naumann, J.F. (1836) Johann Andreas Naumann’s mehrerer gelehrten Gesellschaften Mitgliede, Naturgeschichte der Vögel Deutschlands, nach eigenen Erfahrungen entworfen. Vol. 8. G. Fleischer, Leipzig & Stuttgart. x+560 p.
Ord, G. (1814) American ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature. Vol. 9. Bradford and Inskeep, Philadelphia. lvii+133 p.
Osborn, H. (1896) Suborder Mallophaga. Chapter V in: Insects affecting domestic animals. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division for Entomology, Bulletin, 5, 189–249.
Pallas, P.S. (1764) Catalogue raisonne d'une collection superieurement belle d'oiseaux, tant exotiques qu' Europe'ens, de quadrupedes et d'insects. Pieter van Os, d’Gravenhage, The Hague. xvi+49 p.
Pallas, P.S. (1776) Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs. Vol. III [Published 1778] St. Petersburg. xi+104 p.
Palma, R.L. & Barker, S.C. (1996) Phthiraptera. pp. 81–247, 333–361 (App. I–IV), 373–396 (Index). In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia, vol. 26. Psocoptera, Phthiraptera, Thysanoptera. Melbourne, CSIRO Publishing, Australia.
Palma, R.L. (1999) Amendments and additions to the 1982 list of chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from birds in New Zealand. Notornis, 46, 373–387.
Palma, R.L. & Jensen, J.-K. (2005) Lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) and their host associations in the Faroe Islands. Steenstrupia, 29, 49–73.
Paton, T.A., Baker, A.J., Groth, J.G. & Barrowclough, G.F. (2003) RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within Charadriiform birds. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 29, 268–278.
Paulson, D.R. (1993) Shorebirds of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press, Seattle. xv+406 p.
Paykull, G. von (1805) Beskrivning af ett nytt genus och species bland foglarna, Dromas ardeola. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Nya Handlingar, 26, 182–190.
Pereira, S. L., Baker, A. J. (2010) The enigmatic monotypic Crab Plover Dromas ardeola is closely related to pratincoles and coursers (Aves, Charadriiformes, Glareolidae). Genetics and Molecular Biology, 33, 583–586.
Peters, H.S. (1933) External parasites collected from banded birds. Bird-banding, 4, 68–75.
Peters, H. (1934) Mallophaga from birds of Southampton Island, Hudson Bay. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, 12, 35–37.
Perez, J.M. & Palma, R.L. (2001) A new species of Felicola (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) from the endangered Iberian lynx: another reason to ensure its survival. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10, 929–937.
Peters, H.S. (1936) A list of external parasites from birds of the Eastern part of the United States. Bird Banding, 7, 9–27.
Piaget, E. (1880) Les Pédiculines. Essai monographique. E. J. Brill, Leide. xxxix+714 p.
Piersma, T. (2003) “Coastal” versus “inland” shorebird species: interlinked fundamental dichotomies between their life- and demographic histories? Wader Study Group Bulletin, 100, 5–9.
Pilgrim, R.L.C. & Palma, R.L. (1982) A list of the chewing lice (Insecta: Mallophaga) from birds in New Zealand. Notornis, 29 (supplement), 1–32.
Pontoppidan, E. (1763) Den Danske Atlas, Eller Konge-Riget Dannemark, Med dets Naturlige Egenskaber, Elementer, Indbyggere, Baerter, Dyr og andre Affödninger, dets gamle Tildragelser oy naervaerende Omstaendigheder i alle Provintzer, Staeder, Kirker, Slotte og Herre-Gaarde. Forestiller ved en udförlig Lands-Beskrivelse. A. H. Godiche, Copenhagen. 1104 p.
Portenko, L. (1936) The Bar-tailed Godwit and its races. The Auk, 53, 194197.
Price, R.D., Hellenthal, R.A., Palma, R.L., Johnson, K.P. & Clayton, D.H. (2003) The Chewing Lice: World Checklist and Biological Overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. x + 501 pp.
Rékási, J. (1993) Bird lice (Mallophaga) parasitizing the birds of Hungary. Aquila, 100, 71–93.
Rékási, J. (2006) Data on the chewing lice (Phthiraptera) collected from shorebirds in the Ferto-Hanság National Park in 2002. Aquila, 113, 182–183.
Rékási, J. & Kiss, J.B. (1977) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Federlinge (Mallophaga) von Vögeln der Nord-Dobrudscha (Rumänien). Parasitologia Hungarica, 10, 97–116.
Rékási, J. & Kiss, J.B. (1980) Weitere Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Federlinge (Mallophaga) von Vögeln der Nord-Dobrudscha. Parasitologia Hungarica, 13, 67–93.
Ridgway, R. (1880) On a new Alaskan sandpiper. Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, 5, 160–163.
Ridgway, R. (1919) The Birds of North and Middle America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 50, part 8, v+ 852 p. + xxxiv pl.
Scopoli, G.A. (1786) Deliciae florae faunae insubricae. Reg. & Imp. Monasterii S. Salvatoris, Ticini. ix+287.
Séguy, E. (1944) Insectes Ectoparasites (Mallophages, Anoploures, Siphonaptères). In: Faune de France 43, Paris. [Chewing lice: 23–407].
Smith, V. (2000) Basal Ischnoceran Louse Phylogeny (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Goniodidae and Heptapsogastridae). Systematic Entomology, 25, 73–94.
Spencer, G.J. (1957) Further records of Mallophaga from British Columbia birds. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 53, 3–10.
Taft, S.J. & Schafer, S.A. (1979) A survey of Shore Bird Lice from Two Wisconsin Counties with a New Host Record for Lunaceps holophaeus (Mallophaga: Philopteridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 81, 698.
Tandan, B. K., Hajela, K. P. (1962) The identity of Abumarkub koenigi Eichler, 1959 (Insecta: Mallophaga). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 13, 5, 319–320.
Temminck, C.J. (1820) Manuel d’ornithologie, ou Tableau systematique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe. Paris. xlvi+950 p.
Thomas, G.H., Wills, M.A. & Székely, T. (2004a) A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 4, 28.
Thomas, G.H., Wills, M.A. & Székely, T. (2004b) Phylogeny of shorebirds, gulls and alcids (Aves: Charadrii) from the cytochrome-b gene: parsimony, Bayesian inference, minimum evolution, and quartet puzzling. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30, 516–526.
Thompson, G.B. (1939) The Mallophaga (biting-lice) recorded from the Pacific Islands. The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 74+75, 184218.
Thompson, G.B. (1948) Mallophaga collected by the Tanager Expedition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 19, 195–200.
Thomson, A.L. (1973) Obituary Rudolf Drost. Ibis, 115, 141.
Timmermann, G. (1954a) Studies on Mallophaga from the collections of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London. I. A preliminary survey of the genus Lunaceps (Clay & Meinertzhagen), 1939. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 12, 623–637.
Timmermann, G. (1954b) Die Quadraceps-Arten (Mallophaga) der Kiebitze. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 16, 195–208.
Timmermann, G. (1957) Spezielle vergleichende Parasitologie der Charadriiformes. 1. Die Mallophagen der Regenpfeifervögel nach Kennzeichnung und Verbreitung. A) Mallophaga Ischnocera (Kletterfederlinge). Parasitologische Schriftreihe (Jena), 8, 35–91.
Timmermann, G. (1971) “Regelwidrigkeiten” im Ausbreitungsbild bei Vogelmallophagen (erläutert an den Kletterfederlingen der Watvögel und Möwen). Mitteilungen der Hamburg Zoologische Museum Institut, 67, 135–174.
Timmermann, G. (1972) Gruppen-Revision bei Mallophagen. IX. Versuch über den Cummingsiella-Komplex. 1. Teil: Die Entwicklung des Systems. Mitteilungen der hamburger Zoologische Museum Institut, 68, 95–105.
Tomkovich, P.S., Syroechkovski, E.E., Lappo, E.G. & Zöckler, C. (2002) First indications of a sharp population decline in the globally threatened Spoon-billed Sandpiper Eurynorhynchus pygmeus. Bird Conservation International, 12, 1–18.
Touleshkov, K. (1964) On Mallophaga in birds the Charadriidae family in Bulgaria. Izvestija na Zoologicheskiya Institut s Muzei, 15, 131–133.
Tschudi, J.J. von (1843) Diagnosen einiger neuer peruanischer Vögel. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 9, 385–390.
Ushakov, V.E. (1925) Nest and eggs of Numenius tenuirostris. Ornithologicheskyi Vestnik, 3, 185–187.
Vieillot, L.J.P. (1816) Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Histoire Naturelle Appliquée aux Arts 3. Chez Deterville, Paris. 560 p.
Vieillot, L.J.P. (1817) Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Histoire Naturelle Appliquée aux Arts 8. Chez Deterville, Paris. 603 p.
Vieillot, L.J.P. (1819) Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Histoire Naturelle Appliquée aux Arts 34. Chez Deterville, Paris. 578 p.
Ward, R. A.& Downey, J. C. (1973) Checklist of the Mallophaga of Midway Atoll, Pacific Ocean. Journal of Medical Entomology, 10, 391–396.
Waterston, J. (1914) On some ectoparasites in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Annals of the South African Museum, 10, 271–324.
Waterston, J. (1915) Fauna Faeröensis. On some Mallophaga in the Kgl. Zoologisches Museum, Königsberg. Zoologischen Jahrbüchern Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 89, 17–42.
Waterston, J. (1922) On the Mallophaga of the Spitsbergen Expedition. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1, 2, 251–253.
Wenink, P.W., Baker, A.J., Rösner, H.-U. & Tilanus, M.G.J. (1996) Global mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of Holarctic breeding Dunlins (Calidris alpina). Evolution, 50, 318–330.
Whiteman, N.K. & Parker, P.G. (2005) Using parasites to infer host population history: a new rationale for parasite conservation. Animal Conservation, 8, 175–181.
Wilson, A. (1813) American ornithology or, the natural history of the birds of the United States: illustrated with plates Engraved and Colored from Original drawings taken from Nature. Bradford and Inskeep, Philadelphia. cxxxii+1021 p.
Zunker, M. (1932) Die Mallophaga des arktischen Gebietes. Fauna Arctica 6, 281–294.
Zöckler, C., Syroechkovskiy, E.E. & Atkinson, P.W. (2010) Rapid and continued population decline in the Spoon-billed Sandpiper Eurynorhynchus pygmeus indicates imminent extinction unless conservation action is taken. Bird Conservation International, 20, 95–111.