Abstract
The European taxon Delia pruinosa (Zetterstedt) currently treated as one species is shown to represent a complex of several closely related species all characterized by the short antennnae, enlarged proboscis with strong, black prestomal teeth and a weak tibial setation. Biologically, all members of this Delia pruinosa species group may share the larval habit of living in seed capsules of various species of Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae). The number of species recognized in both sexes is presently raized from one to four: Delia pruinosa (Zetterstedt, 1845), D. judicariae (Pokorny, 1893), D. sileni sp. nov. and D. capdellae sp. nov. It is further documented that a few more species exist within this species group, but they are so far only known from female individuals. The known distribution of the Delia pruinosa species group includes Europe and western Anatolia.
References
Ackland, D.M. & Pont, A.C. (1996) Delia kullensis (Ringdahl, 1933) (Dipt., Anthomyiidae) confirmed as a British species. Entomologist's monthly Magazine, 132, 17–21.
Bezzi, M. & Stein, P. (1907) Cyclorrapha Aschiza. Cyclorrapha Schizophora: Schizometopa. In: Becker, T., Bezzi, M., Kertez, K., & Stein, P. (Eds), Katalog der paläarktischen Dipteren. Vol. 3. Budapest, 828 pp.
Chandler, P. (1998) Anthomyiidae. In: Chandler, P. (Ed), Checklists of insects of the British Isles (New Series). Part 1: Diptera (Incorporating a List of Irish Diptera). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol. 12. Royal Entomological Society, pp. 165–171.
Dely-Draskovits, Á. (1993) Family Anthomyiidae. In: Soós, Á. & Papp, L. (Eds), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 13. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, pp. 11–102.
Draber-Mońko, A. (1991) Anthomyiidae. In: Razowski, J. (Ed), Checklist of animals of Poland. Vol. 2. Ossolineum Press, Wrocław, pp. 233–237.
Gorodkov, K., Pont, A.C. & Rozkošný, R. (1995) Diptera Muscoidea. In: Minelli, A., Ruffo, S., & La Posta, S. (Eds), Checklist delle specie della fauna Italiana. Vol. 77. Calderini, Bologna, 18 pp.
Griffiths, G.C.D. (1991) Anthomyiidae [part]. In: Griffiths, G.C.D. (Ed), Flies of the Nearctic Region, 8 (2), 7. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 953–1048.
Hackman, W. (1980) A check list of the Finnish Diptera II. Cyclorrhapha. Notulae entomologicae, 60, 117–162.
Hennig, W. (1974) Anthomyiidae [part]. In: Lindner, E. (Ed), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 7 (1), Lief. 307. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 777–872.
Hennig, W. (1976) Anthomyiidae [part]. In: Lindner, E. (Ed), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 7 (1), Lief. 314. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 921–974.
Karl, O. (1928) Zweiflügler oder Diptera II: Muscidae. In: Dahl, F. (Ed), Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile nach ihren Merkmalen und nach ihrer Lebensweise. Vol. 13. Gustav Fischer, Jena, iv + 232 pp.
Karl, O. (1937) Die Fliegenfauna Pommerns. Diptera Brachycera. (Fortsetzung und Schluss.) Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 98, 125–159.
Karl, O. (1943) Ergänzungen und Berichtigungen zu meiner Arbeit über die Musciden. (Prof. Dr. Fr. Dahl, Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, Teil 13.) Teil VI. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 104, 64–77.
Marhold, K. (2011) Caryophyllaceae. In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity, http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html.
Michelsen, V. (1985) A revision of the Anthomyiidae (Diptera) described by J.W. Zetterstedt. Steenstrupia, 11, 37–65.
Michelsen, V. (2007) Two new European species of Delia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera : Anthomyiidae) with a bipartite male sternite III. Zootaxa, 1469, 51–57.
Michelsen, V. (2010) Anthomyiidae. In: Pape, T. (Ed), Diptera Brachycera. Fauna Europaea version 2.3, http://www.faunaeur.org.
Michelsen, V. (2011) Anthomyiidae. In: Pape, T. (Ed), Diptera Brachycera. Fauna Europaea version 2.4, http://www.faunaeur.org.
Michelsen, V. & Merz, B. (1998) Anthomyiidae. In: Merz, B., Bächli, G., Haenni, J.-P. & Gonseth, Y. (Eds), Diptera – Checklist. Fauna Helvetica. Vol. 1. Schweizerische Entomologische Gesellschaft, Neuchâtel, pp. 313–317.
Niblett, M. (1951) Notes on some bred Diptera. Entomologist’s Record & Journal of Variation, 63, 150–152.
Niblett, M. (1955) Some further notes on bred Diptera. Entomologist’s Record & Journal of Variation, 67, 300–301.
Pandellé, L. (1900) Études sur les Muscides de France. 3e partie. [Part]. Revue d’Entomologie, 18 (Suppl.), 221–292.
Pape, T. (2004) The Sarcophagidae (Insecta: Diptera) described by Louis Pandellé. Zootaxa, 722, 1–64.
Petersen, F.T. (2001) Anthomyiidae. In: Petersen, F.T. & Meier, R. (Eds.), A preliminary list of the Diptera of Denmark. Steenstrupia, 26, 182–186.
Pettersson, M.W. (1991) Flower herbivory and seed predation in Silene vulgaris (Caryophyllaceae): effects of pollination and phenology. Holarctic Ecology, 14, 45–50.
Pettersson, M.W. (1992) Taking a chance on moths: oviposition by Delia flavifrons (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) on the flowers of bladder campion, Silene vulgaris (Caryophyllaceae). Ecological Entomology, 17, 57–62.
Pettersson, M.W. (1994) Large plant size counteracts early seed predation during the extended flowering season of a Silene uniflora (Caryophyllaceae) population. Ecography, 17, 264–271.
Pettersson, M.W. (1997) Solitary plants do as well as clumped ones in Silene uniflora (Caryophyllaceae). Ecography, 20, 375–382.
Pont, A.C. & Ackland, D.M. (2009) The types of Anthomyiidae (Diptera) in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Germany. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 85, 5–56.
Pokorny, E. (1893) V. (III.) Beitrag zur Dipterenfauna Tirols. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 43, 1–19.
Ringdahl, O. (1933) Översikt av i Sverige funna Hylemyia-arter. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 54, 1–35. [In Swedish.]
Ringdahl, O. (1939) Diptera der Fam. Muscidae, (die Gattungen Aricia und Anthomyza) von Zetterstedt in “Insecta Lapponica” und “Diptera Scandinaviae” beschrieben. Opuscula entomologica, 4, 137–159.
Ringdahl, O. (1943) Bestämningstabell til honorna av ett antal skandinaviska Hylemyia-arter (Fam. Muscidae). Tromsø Museums Årshefter, 65 (2) (1942), 16 pp. [In Swedish.]
Ringdahl, O. (1951) Fliegen von den Fjeldgegenden der Provinzen Lappland, Jämtland und Härjedalen. Opuscula entomologica, 16, 113–186. [In Swedish with German summary.]
Ringdahl, O. (1952) Catalogus insectorum sueciae. XI. Diptera Cyclorrapha: Muscaria Schizometopa. Opuscula entomologica, 17, 129–186.
Ringdahl, O. (1959) Tvåvingar. Diptera Cyclorapha Schizophora Schizometopa. 1. Fam. Muscidae. Häfte 3. Svensk Insektfauna. Vol. 11. Entomologiska Föreningen i Stockholm, Uppsala, pp. 197–334. [In Swedish.]
Séguy, E. (1923) Diptères Anthomyides. Faune de France. Vol. 6. Paul Lechevalier, Paris, xi +393 pp.
Séguy, E. (1937) Diptera. Fam. Muscidae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed), Genera insectorum, 205. Desmet-Verteneuil, Brussels, 604pp.
Stein, P. (1916) Die Anthomyiden Europas. Tabellen zur Bestimmung der Gattungen und aller mir bekannten Arten, nebst mehr oder weniger ausführlichen Beschreibungen. Archiev für Naturgeschichte, 81 A (1) (‘1915’), 1–224.
Teschner, D. (1999) Anthomyiidae. In: Schumann, H., Bährmann, R. & Stark, A. (Eds.), Checkliste der Dipteren Deutschlands. Studia dipterologica, Supplement 2, 130–133.
Tiensuu, L. (1933) Tietoja Suomessa tavatuista sukakärpäsistä (Muscidae). Notulae entomologicae, 13, 78–80. [In Finnish.]
Tiensuu, L. (1936) Die bisher aus Finland bekannten Musciden. Acta societatis pro fauna et flora fennica, 58 (4) (1935), 56 pp.
Tiensuu, L. (1953) Some Diptera from the Lagoon of Venice collected bgy A. Giordani Soika. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia, 7, 39–52.
Zangheri, P. (1950) Fauna di Romagna. Ditteri (2a parte.). Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana, 29, 68–95.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1845) Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Vol. 4. Lundae [Lund], pp. 281–1738.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1860) Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Vol. 14. Lundae [Lund], pp. 6191–6609.