Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 3478 No. 1: 11 Sep. 2012
Type: Articles
Published: 2012-09-11
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.24
Page range: 239–255
Abstract views: 44
PDF downloaded: 4

Review of the lady beetle genus Phaenochilus Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Chilocorini) with description of a new species from Thailand that preys on cycad aulacaspis scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Diaspididae)

Laboratório de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Altamira, Pará, 68372-040, Brazil
Systematic Entomology Lab (SEL), Plant Sciences Institute, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC–168, Washington, DC 20013–7012, USA
Coleoptera biological control Cucujoidea ladybird pest predator sago palm systematics taxonomy

Abstract

Species of the genus Phaenochilus are reviewed, keyed, and illustrated, and an annotated checklist provided. A newspecies, Phaenochilus kashaya n. sp., is described from Thailand. This species feeds on an invasive pest of cycads, thecycad aulacaspis scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Diaspididae). The economic importance of cycads and cycad aulacaspis scale is discussed. A taxonomic history of Phaenochilus is provided.

References

  1. Cave, R.D. (2006) Biological control agents of the cycad aulacaspis scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 119, 422–424.

    Cave R.D., Nguyen R., Manrique V., & Avery, P.S. (2009) New research on two natural enemies of the cycad aulacaspis scale. The Cycad Newsletter, 32, 22–23.

    Chapin, E.A. (1965a) New species of Chilocorini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Psyche, 72 (2), 148–151.

    Chapin, E.A. (1965b) The genera of the Chilocorini (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 133 (4), 227–271.

    Chunram, S. (2002) Lady beetles in Thailand. Division of Entomology and Zoology. Department of Agriculture Science, 209 pp. (in Thai).

    Chunram, S. & Sasaji, H. (1980) A contribution to the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of Thailand. Oriental Insects, 14 (4), 473–491.

    Crotch, G.R. (1874) A Revision of the Coleopterous Family Coccinellidae. E.W. Janson, London, 311 pp.

    Germain J.F. & Hodges, G.S. (2007) First report of Aulacaspis yasumatsui (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Africa (Ivory Coast), and update on distribution. Florida Entomologist, 90, 755–756.

    Haynes, J. (2005) Cycad aulacaspis scale: A Global Perspective. The Cycad Newsletter, 28 (5), 3–4.

    Haynes J & Marler T (2005) Exotic invasive pest insect critically threatening Guam's vulnerable flora, fauna and island ecosystem. Available online from: http://www.cycadsg.org/publications/CAS/Haynes-Marler-Guam-CAS-Overview.pdf (accessed 25 June 2012).

    Hoang, D.N. (1981) New data on the subfamily Chilocorinae (Coccinellidae, Coleoptera) in Vietnam. Tap chi Sinh Vat Hoc, 3(1), 11–17 (in Vietnamese).

    Hodges, A.C. (2006) Cycad aulacaspis scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui. Regional Pest Alert, North Cental IPM Center. Available online from: http://www.ncipmc.org/alerts/cycadscale.cfm (accessed 25 June 2012).

    Howard, F.W., Hamon, A., McLaughlin, M., Weissling, T., & Yang, S.–L. (1999) Aulacaspis yasumatsui (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Diaspididae), a scale insect pest of cycads recently introduced into Florida. Florida Entomologist, 82, 14–27.

    Japanese Red Data Retrieval System (2012) Mikado beetle, Chilocorus mikado (Coleoptera Coccinellidae). Available online from: http://www.jpnrdb.com/search.php?mode=map&q=07180812724 (accessed 25 June 2012).

    Kamiya, H. (1959) A revision of the tribe Chilocorini of Japan and the Loochoos (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae). Kontyu, 27, 99–104.

    Kamiya, H. (1966) On the Coccinellidae attacking the scale insects and mites in Japan and the Ryukyus. Mushi, 39 (7), 65–93.

    Korschefsky, R. (1932) Pars 120: Coccinellidae. II. In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Eds), Coleopterorum Catalogus. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 225–659.

    Korschefsky, R. (1934) Drei neue Coccinelliden der Indo–malayischen und Papuanischen Region. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 16, 107–109 (in German).

    Korschefsky, R. (1938) Synonymische und andere Bemerkungen über Coccinelliden und Beschreibung einer neuen Pristonema-Art. Sonderdruck aus Entomologische Blätter, 34 (1), 40–41 (in German).

    Kurisaki, M. (1921) Studies on the Genus Chilocorus Leech. Insect World, Gifu, 25, 37–43 (in Japanese).

    Lewis, G. (1873) Notes on Japanese Coccinellidae. Entomologist's monthly magazine, 10, 54–56.

    Lewis, G. (1896) On the Coccinellidae of Japan. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 22–41.

    Mader, L. (1955) Evidenz der palärktischen Coccinelliden un ihrer Aberrationen in Wort und Bild, II. Teil, Coccinellidae, Tetrabrachinae. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey Tutzing bei München, 6, 764–1035 (in German).

    McKamey, L. (2007) Cycas revoluta - King sago palm tree, care and culture. Available online from: http://www.rhapisgardens.com/sagos/ (accessed 25 June 2012).MCZC (2010)

    Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Database of Images of Primary Types. Available online from: http://insects.oeb.harvard.edu/mcz/ (accessed 25 June 2012).

    Miyatake, M. (1970a) The East–Asian coccinellid beetles preserved in the California Academy of Sciences. Tribe Chilocorini. Memoirs of the College of Agriculture, Ehime University, 14 (3), 19–56.

    Miyatake, M. (1970b) Two new species of the genus Phaenochilus Weise from South India (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society, 10, 111–115.

    Orapa, W. & Cave, R.D. (2010) Coccinellids for combating cycad scale: promising news from Palau and the USA. Biocontrol News & Information, 31 (1), 2N–3N.

    Osaka Natural History Museum (2012) A key to ladybeetle species of Osaka Prefecture. Available online from: http://www2.mus-nh.city.osaka.jp/learning/Ent/Ladybeetle-key/size.html(accessed 25 June 2012).

    Poorani, J. (2002) An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) (excluding Epilachninae) of the Indian subregion. Oriental Insects, 36, 307–383.

    Recuenco-Adorada, J.D. (2008) Systematics of Philippine Chilocorinae. I. Tribe Chilocorini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Philippine entomologist, 22 (2), 147–162.

    Ren, S.X., Wang, X.M., Hong, P., Peng, Z.Q. & Tao, Z. (2009) Colored pictorial handbook of ladybird beetles in China, Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp. (in Chinese).

    Sasaji, H. (1971) Fauna Japonica. Coccinellidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Academic Press of Japan, Tokyo, 340 pp.

    Sasaji, H. (2005) Additional revision of the tribe Chilocorini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of Japan. Elytra, 33 (1), 61–68.

    Schultze, W.C.M. (1916) A catalogue of Philippine Coleoptera. Philippine Journal of Science. Section D, General Biology, Ethnology, and Anthropology, 11(1–2), 194.

    Shiyake, S. (2009) 1–4 Ladybird species identification. In: Japan Society of Environmental Entomology and Zoology, Handbook of Ladybird Beetles in Japan, Educational publishing, Osaka, pp. 14–36 (in Japanese).

    Singhal, R.S., Kennedy, J.F., Gopalakrishnan, S.M., Kaczmarek, A., Knill, C.J. & Akmar, P.F. (2008) Industrial production, processing, and utilization of sago palm-derived products. Carbohydrate polymers, 72, 1–20.

    Smith, T.R. & Cave, R.D. (2006) Life history of Cybocephalus nipponicus Endrödy–Younga (Coleoptera: Cybocephalidae), a predator of Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 108, 905–916.

    Takagi, S. (1977) A new species of Aulacaspis associated with a cycad in Thailand (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Insecta Matsumurana New Series, 11, 63–72.

    U.S. Department of Defense, Department of the Navy (2010) Terrestrial Biological Resources. In: Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) Military Relocation, Final environmental impact statement (EIS). Vol. 2–5, chp. 10, & Vol. 9, Appendix G, chp. 2.2. Joint Guam Program Office, Pearl Harbor, HI. Available online from: http://www.guambuildupeis.us/documents/ (accessed 25 June 2012).

    Vandenberg, N.J. (2002) Family 93. Coccinellidae Latreille 1807. In: R.H. Arnett, M. C. Thomas Jr, P.E. Skelley & J.H. Frank (Eds) American Beetles. Vol. 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, USA, pp. 371–389.

    Weise, J. (1885) Beschreibung einiger Coccinelliden. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 46, 227–242 (in German).

    Weise, J. (1895) Neue Coccinelliden sowie Bemerkungen zu bekannten Arten. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 39, 120–146 (in German).

    Weise, J. (1913) Über Chrysomeliden und Coccinelliden der Philippine: II, Teil. Philippinen. Journal of Science, 8D, 3, 215–242 (in German).

    Wiese, C., Amalin, D., Coe, R. & Mannion, C. (2005) Effects of the parasitic wasp, Coccobius fulvus, on cycad aulacaspis scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui, at Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, Florida. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 118, 319–321.

    Whiting, M.G. (1963) Toxicity of cycads. Economic Botany, 17, 270–302.

    Woods, C. (2007) Stopping scale on sagos. Impact, Spring, 34–35.