Abstract
The collections of fungus gnats by Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt (1785–1874), lodged in the Museum of Zoology in Lund, Sweden, are examined for all species belonging in the tribe Exechiini Edwards. The majority of the material was collected in Fennoscandia, mainly in Sweden, in the first half of the 19 th century. Altogether 37 species of the tribe Exechiini could be safely identified. Three additional species are strongly indicated to be present in the collections, but could not be identified with certainty, viz. Allodia (Brachycampta) alternans (Zetterstedt, 1838), Cordyla murina Winnertz, 1863 and Stigmatomeria crassicornis (Stannius, 1831). Some of Zetterstedt's types have been erroneously synonymized and misinterpreted in modern literature. Hence, illustrations of terminalia are presented for all recognizable Exechiini types described by Zetterstedt. In order to preserve nomenclatural stability a lectotype is selected for Brevicornu griseolum (Zetterstedt, 1852) sensu auctore nec Edwards, and a neotype is selected for Allodia (Brachycampta) alternans (Zetterstedt, 1838). Two species names are reinstated, viz. Brevicornu canescens (Zetterstedt, 1852) sp. restit. stat. n. and Notolopha brachycera (Zetterstedt, 1838) sp. restit. stat. n. Two new synonyms are established, viz. Notolopha brachycera (Zetterstedt, 1838) = Allodiopsis (Notol- opha) tuomikoskii Zaitzev & Maximova, 2000 syn. n., and Brevicornu griseolum (Zetterstedt,1852) = Brevicornu boreale (Lundström, 1914) syn. n. All type specimens of Brevicornu fusculum (Zetterstedt, 1838) have lost their abdomens. No material of Exechia parvula (Zetterstedt, 1852) or Cordyla canescens Zetterstedt, 1852 could be located in the collections. Although the type material of Exechia parvula probably is lost, the name is still valid as a junior synonym for Mycetophila nana Staeger, 1840 since Mycetophila nana Staeger, 1840 is a junior primary homonym of Mycetophila nana Macquart, 1826. Cordyla canescens has been made a junior synonym for Stigmatomeria crassicornis (Stannius, 1831). The identity of Brevicornu fusculum is highly uncertain and the name must remain as a nomen dubium. Eleven species are reinstated or correctly reported from Sweden for the first time: Allodia (Allodia) tuomikoskii Hackman, 1971, Allodia (Allodia) zaitzevi Kurina, 1998, Allodiopsis rustica (Edwards, 1941), Brevicornu canescens (Zetterstedt, 1852), Brevicornu nigrofuscum (Lundström, 1909), Exechiopsis (Xenexechia) crucigera (Lundström, 1909), Pseudexechia aurivernica Chandler, 1978, Notolopha brachycera (Zetterstedt, 1852) Synplasta gracilis (Winnertz, 1863), Tarnania dziedzickii (Edwards, 1941), and Tarnania nemoralis (Edwards, 1941).References
Bechev, D.N. (2000) World distribution of the genera of fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea, excluding Sciaridae). Studia Dipterologica, 7, 543–552.
Chandler, P.C. (1978) Notes on the Holarctic species of Pseudexechia Tuomikoski (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), with the description of a new British species. Entomologist's Record, 90, 44–51.
Colwell, R.K. (2004) Biota 2 — the biodiversity database manager, version 2.02. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
Coquillett, D.W. (1910) The type-species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 37, 499–647.
Dahlbom, A. G. (1850) Museum Entomologicum Lundense, 2 Band, 1. Heft, pp. 17–18 [handwritten, unpublished accountant notes for the collections at the Museum of Zoology in Lund].
Dziedzicki, H (1915) Atlas des organes génitaux (Hypopygium) des types de Winnertz et des genres de sa collection de Mycetophiles. Publications de la Société des Sciences de Varsoive, 3, 1–16 + 21 plates.
Edwards, F.W. (1921) Diptera Nematocera from Arran and Loch Etive. Scottish Naturalist, 1921, 59–61, 89–92, 121–125.
Edwards, F.W. (1924) Notes on the types of Mycetophilidae (Diptera) described by Staeger and Zetterstedt. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 45, 160–168.
Edwards, F.W. (1925) British fungus-gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). With a revised generic classification of the family. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 73(1924), 505–670.
Hackman, W., Las_tovka, P., Matile, L. & Väisänen, R. (1988) Family Mycetophilidae. In: Soós, A. & Papp, L. (Eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 3. Ceratopogonidae – Mycetophilidae. Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó, pp. 220–327.
Kurina, O. (2001) On the identification of Palaearctic species in the genus Cordyla Meigen (Diptera, Mycetophilidae); preliminary results. Norwegian Journal of Entomology, 48, 231–235.
Kurina, O. (2003) Fungus gnats from the tribe Sciophilini (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) in the collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Sockholm. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 124, 59–63.
Lundström, C. (1909) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Dipteren Finlands. IV. Supplement Mycetophilidae. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 32, 1–63.
Lundström, C. (1911) Neue oder wenig bekannte europäische Mycetophiliden. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 9, 390–419.
Lundström, C. (1913) Neue oder wenig bekannte europäische Mycetophiliden. III. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 11, 305–322.
Matile, L. (1987) Note synonymique sur le genre Synplasta (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 93, 18.
Matile, L. (1990) Reserches sur la systématique et l'évolution des Keroplatidae (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Mémoires du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Série A, Zoologie, 148, 1–682.
Matile, L. (1997) Phylogeny and evolution of the larval diet in the Sciaroidea (Diptera, Bibionomorpha) since the Mesozoic. In: Grandcolas, P. (Ed) The origin of biodiversity in insects: Phylogenetic tests of evolutionay scenarios. Mémoires du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 173, 273–303.
Poppius, B., Lundström, C. & Frey, R. (1917) Dipteren aus dem Sarekgebiet. Naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen des Sarekgebigges in Schwedisch-Lappland. BdIV, Zoologie, Lief. 6, 665–697.
Søli, G.E.E. (1997) The systematics and phylogeny of Coelosia Winnertz, 1863 (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement, 50, 57–139.
Søli, G.E.E., Vockeroth, J. R. & Matile, L. (2000) Chapter A4: Families of Sciaroidea. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (Eds) Contributions to a manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Appendix. Budapest: Science Herald, pp. 49–92.
Staeger, R.C. (1840) Systematisk fortegnelse over de i Danmark hidtil fundne Diptera. Tipulariæ Fungicolæ. Naturhistorisk tidsskrift, 3, 228–288.
Tuomikoski, R. (1966) Generic taxonomy of the Exechiini (Dipt., Mycetophilidae). Annales entomologici Fennici, 32, 159–194.
Vockeroth, J.R. (1980) New genera and species of Mycetophilidae (Diptera) from the Holarctic region, with notes on other species. Canadian Entomologist, 112, 529–544.
Vockeroth, J.R. (1981) 14. Mycetophilidae. Vol. 1. In: McAlpine, J. F. et al. (Eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera. vi + 674 pp. Canada Department of Agriculture, Research Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture, Monograph No. 27, Ottawa, pp. 223–246.
Zaitzev, A.I. (1984) A review of the species of the subgenus Brachycampta (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) of the Holarctic fauna. Zoologiceskij zurnal, 63, 1504–1515. [in Russian]
Zaitzev, A.I. & Maximova, Y. V. (2000) The Palaearctic species of subgenus Notolopha Tuomik. (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). An international Journal of Dipterological Research, 11, 175–179.
Zaitzev, A.I. (2003) Fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaroidea) of the fauna of Russia and adjacent regions. Part II. An international Journal of Dipterological Research, 14, 77–386.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1838) Dipterologis Scandinaviae, Sectio Tertia [Section 3] Diptera. In: Zetterstedt, J.W. (Ed) Insecta Lapponica. Leipzig, pp. 477–868.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1842) Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Lundae 1, xvi + 1–440.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1843) Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Lundae 2, 441–894.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1844) Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Lundae 3, 895–1280.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1845) Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Lundae 4, 1281–1738.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1846) Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Lundae 5, 1739–2162.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1847) Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Lundae 6, 2163–2580.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1848) Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Lundae 7, 2581–2934.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1849) Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Lundae 8, 2935–3366.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1850) Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Lundae 9, 3367–3710.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1851) Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Lundae 10, 3711–4090.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1852) Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Lundae 11, xii + 4091–4545.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1855) Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Lundae 12, xx + 4547–4942.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1859) Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Lundae 13, xvi + 4943–6190.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1860) Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta. (part.) Lundae 14, 6191–6609.