Abstract
A new genus, Zevinaella (Cirripedia: Scalpellomorpha: Scalpellidae: Arcoscalpellinae), is proposed to accommodate Trianguloscalpellum rodstromi (Boone, 1927) from Belize and Z. volentis gen. et sp. nov. from the Lesser Antilles, both occurring on crinoids. These two species are unique in lacking lower lateral plates (inframedian or second latera, L2s). We see no compelling evidence that the lack of L2s in Zevinaella is a consequence of fusion with the carinolatera (CLs), as appears to be the case in a near relative T. pentacrinarum, or of progressive reduction and potential loss, as in older specimens of Amigdoscalpellum spp. (Zevina, 1978b). However, this does not weaken the diagnosis of the new genus and, accordingly, the diagnoses for the family Scalpellidae Pilsbry, 1907 and the subfamily Arcoscalpellinae Zevina, 1978b are amended to accommodate the absence of the L2s.
References
Améziane, N. & Roux, M. (2005) Environmental control versus phylogenic fingerprint in ontogeny: the example of the development of the stalk in the genus Guillecrinus (stalked crinoids, Echinodermata). Journal of Natural History, 39, 2815–2859.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930500060595Aurivillius, C.W.S. (1898) Cirrhipédes nouveaux provenant des campagnes scientifiques de S.A.S. le Prince de Monaco. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 23, 189–198.
Boone, L. (1927) Scientific results of the 1st Expedition of the “Pawnee” (1925) Crustacea from tropical east American seas. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, 1 (2), 1–147.
Broch, H. (1921) The development of the calcareous skeleton in Mitella (Pollicipes), and the origin of the cirripeds. Videnskelbelige Meddeleser Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København, 72, 83–85.
Broch, H. (1922) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition. 1914–1916. Studies of Pacific Cirripeds. Videnskabelige Meddeleser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i København, 73, 215–358.
Buckeridge, J.S. (1983) Fossil barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica) of New Zealand and Australia. New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin, 50, 1–151.
Buckeridge, J.S. & Newman, W.A. (2006) A revision of the Iblidae and the stalked barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia:Thoracica), including new ordinal, familial and generic taxa, and two new species from New Zealand and Tasmanian waters. Zootaxa, 1136, 1–38.
Carpenter, P.H. (1881) The Comatulae from the Leyden Museum. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 3, 173–217.
Carpenter, P.H. (1884) Report upon the Crinoidea collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. Part I. General morphology, with descriptions of the stalked crinoids. Reports on the scientific results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873–1876. Zoology, Part 11 (32), 1–442.
Chaffee, J. & Lewis, C.A. (1988) Pedunculate barnacle stalk growth. Journal of experimental marine Biology and Ecology, 124, 145–162.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(88)90169-4Clark, A.H. (1921) A Monograph of the Existing Crinoids 1 (2). The Comatulids. Part 2. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum, Bulletin 82. Government Printing Office, Washington, 795 pp.
Clark, A.H. (1950) A Monograph of the Existing Crinoids. Vol. 1. The Comatulids. Part 4c. Superfamily Tropiometrida (the families Thalassametridae and Charitometridae). Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum. Bulletin 82. Government Printing Office, Washington, 383 pp.
Clark, A.H., Rathbun, M.J., Boon, P.L., Shoemaker, C.R. & Clark, H.L. (1921) Reports on the crinoids, ophiurans, Brachyura, Tanidacea and Isopoda, amphipods, & Echinoidea of the Barbados-Antigua expedition of 1918. Barbados-Antigua expedition, 1918. Vol. IX (1920–1921), N 5. The University, Iowa City, Iowa, 121 pp.
Darwin, C.R. (1854) A monograph on the subclass Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. Vol. 2. Living Cirripedia, The Balanidæ, (or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ. The Ray Society, London, 684 pp.
Foster, B.A. (1978) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 69, 1–160.
Gale, A.S. (2015) Phylogeny of the deep-sea cirripede family Scalpellidae (Crustacea, Thoracica) based on shell capitular plate morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. [in press]
Herrera, S., Watnabe, H. &. Shank, T.M (2015) Evolutionary and biogeographical patterns of barnacles from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Molecular Ecology, 24, 673–689.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13054Hiro, F. (1933) Report on the Cirripedia collected by the surveying ships of the Imperial Fisheries Experimental Station on the continental shelf bordering Japan. Records of the Oceanographic Works in Japan, 5, 11–84.
Hoek, P.P.C. (1883) Report on the Cirripedia collected by H.M.S. “Challenger” during the years 1873–1876. Systematic part. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage H.M.S. “Challenger”, during the years 1873–1876, Zoology, Part 25 (8), 1–169.
Hoek, P.P.C. (1907) The Cirripedia of the Siboga expedition A. Cirripedia Pedunculata. Siboga Expeditie Monographe, 31 (a), 1–127.
Kočí, T., Veselská, M.K., Gale, A.S., Jagt, J.W.M. & Skupien, P. (2015) Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous stalked barnacles (Cirripedia, genus Eolepas Withers, 1928). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 275 (2), 233–247.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2015/0464Kolbasov, G.A., Buckeridge, J.S., Høeg, J.T. & Newman, W. A. (2005) Galina Benizianova Zevina. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 25 (2), 309–314.
Leach, W.E. (1825) A tabular view of the genera composing the class Cirripedes, with descriptions of the species of Otion, Cineras and Clyptra. The Zoological Journal, 2, 208–215.
Lin, H., Høeg, J.T., Yusa, Y. & Chan, B.K.K. (2015) The origins and evolution of dwarf males and habitat use in thoracican barnacles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 91, 1–11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.026Linse, K., Jackson, J.A., Fitzcharles, E., Sands, C.J. & Buckeridge, J.S. (2013) Phylogenetic position of Antarctic Scalpelliformes (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica). Deep-Sea Research 1, 73, 99–116.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2012.11.006Liu, R. & Ren, X. (1985) Studies on Chinese Cirripedia (Crustacea). 6. Suborder Lepadomorpha. Studia Marina Sinica, 10, 179–184.
Liu, R. & Ren, X. (2007) Crustacea Cirripedia Thoracica. Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata. Vol. 42. Science Press, Beijin, 633 pp.
Logan, W. (1897) Some New Cirriped Crustaceans from the Niobrara Cretaceous of Kansas. The Kansas Unversity Quarterly, VI (4), 187–189.
Messing, C.G. (1984) Submersible observations of deep-water crinoid assemblages in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean. In: Keegan B.F. & O'Connor B.D.S. Proceedings of the Fifth International Echinoderm Conference, Galway, 24–29 September 1984. Balkema, Rotterdam/Boston, pp. 185–193.
Newman, W.A. (1979) A new scalpellid (Cirripedia); a Mesozoic relic living near an abyssal hydrothermal spring. Transaction of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 19 (11), 153–167.
Newman, W.A. (1987) Evolution of Cirripedes and their major groups. In: Southward, A.J. (Ed.), Crustacean Issues. Vol. 5. Barnacle Biology. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 3–42.
Newman, W.A. (1993) Darwin and Cirripedology. In: Truesdale, F. (Ed.), Crustacean Issues. Vol. 8. History of Carcinology. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 349–434.
Newman, W.A. & Ross A. (1971) Antarctic Cirripedia. Antarctic Research Series, 14. American Geophysical Union, Washington, 257 pp.
Newman, W.A. & Ross, A. (1998) Peduncular armament in the Scalpellomorpha (Cirripedia) and a new abyssal species from the East Pacific rise. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 18 (3), 572–580.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/193724098x00395Ortiz, M., Lalana, R. & Varela, C. (2002) Lista de especies y clave ilustrada para la identificación de los scaramujos (Crustacea, Cirripedia), del Archipiélago Cubano. Revista de Investigaciones Marinas, 23 (2), 85–95.
Pérez-Losada, M., Harp, M., Høeg, J.T., Achituv, Y., Jones, D., Watanabe, H. & Crandall, K.A. (2008) The tempo and mode of barnacle evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46, 328–346.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.004Pilsbry, H.A. (1890) Description of a new Japanese Scalpellum. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 42, 441–443.
Pilsbry, H.A. (1907) The Barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U. S. National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 60, 1–122.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.60.1Pilsbry, H.A. (1908) On the Classification of Scalpelliform Barnacles. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 60 (1), 104–111.
Pilsbry, H.A. (1916) The sessile barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U.S. National Museum; including a monograph of the American species. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 93, 1–366.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.93.1Quoy, J.R.E. & Gaimard, J.P. (1834) Mollusques. Voyage de l’Astrolabe. Zoologie, 3, 627–643.
Rees, D.J., Noever, C., Høeg, J.T., Ommundsen, A. & Glenner, H. (2014) On the origin of a novel parasitic-feeding mode within suspension-feeding barnacles. Current Biology, 24 (12), 1429–1434.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.05.030Ren, X. & Sha, Z. (2014) Description of a new genus and species of the subfamily Arcoscalpellinae Zevina, 1978 (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Scalpellidae) from deep waters of the South China Sea. Journal of Natural History, 48 (17–18), 1055–1060.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.841300Rodríguez-Barreras, R. & Messing, C.G. (2013) A new list of Cuban crinoids (Echinodermata: Crinoidea). Caribbean Journal of Science, 47 (2–3), 198–212.
Rouse, G.W., Jermiin, L.S., Wilson, N.G., Eeckhaut, I., Lanterbecq, D., Oji, T., Young, C.M., Browning, T., Cisternas, P., Helgen, L.E., Stuckey, M. & Messing, C.G. (2013) Fixed, free, and fixed: The fickle phylogeny of extant Crinoidea (Echinodermata) and their Permian–Triassic origin. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66, 161–181.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.018Roux, M., (1987) Evolutionary ecology and biogeography of recent stalked crinoids as a model for the fossil record. In: Jangoux, M. & Lawrence, J.M. (Eds.), Echinoderm Studies. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 1–53.
Sars, M. (1859) Oversigt over de I den norskarctiske region forekommende krybsdyr. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, 188, 122–163.
Seguenza, G. (1873–1876) Ricerche paleontologiche intorno ai Cirripedi terziarii della provincia di Messina. Con appendice intorno ai Cirripedi viventi nel Mediterraneo, e sui fossili terziarii dell’Italia meridionale. Parte 1. Balanidi e Verrucidi; Parte 2. Terza famiglia, Lepadidi. Atti del’Accademia pontaniana, 10, 265–481.
Shalaeva, K. & Boxshall, G. (2014) An illustrated catalogue of the scalpellid barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Scalpellidae) collected during the HMS “Challenger” expedition and deposited in the Natural History Museum, London. Zootaxa, 3804 (1), 1–63.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3804.1.1.Tarasov, N.E. & Zevina, G.B. (1957) Cirripedia Thoracica of the Seas of the USSR. Fauna SSSR, 69. Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR, Leningrad, 268 pp. [in Russian]
Tchernyshev, von B. (1935) Cirripedia aus den Donez und Kusnezkbecken. Annuals of the Paleontological Society of Russia, 10, 31–38.
Thomson, C.W. (1864) Sea lilies. The Intellectual Observer, 6, 1–11.
Weltner, W. (1922) Cirripedia der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1895-1899, 23 (2), 59–112.
Wills, L.J. (1963) Cyprilepas holmi Wills 1962, a pedunculate cirripede from the Upper Silurian of Oesel, Esthonia. Palaeontology, 6, 161–165.
Withers, T.H. (1920) The cirripede genus Stramentum (Loricula): its history and structure. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 5 (25), 65– 85.
Withers, T.H. (1928) Catalogue of fossil Cirripedia in the Department of Geology. Vol. I. Triassic and Jurassic. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 155 pp.
Withers, T.H. (1935) Catalogue of fossil Cirripedia in the Department of Geology. Vol. II. Cretaceous. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 534 pp.
Yamauchi, T., Newman, W.A. & Hashimoto, J. (2004) A cold seep barnacle (Cirripedia: Neolepadinae) from Japan and the age of the vent/seep fauna. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 84, 111–120.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315404008975hYoung, P.S. (1999) A preliminary assessment of the characters used in the definitions of the subfamilies at present included in the Scalpellidae Pilsbry, 1907 sensu Newman, 1996 (Cirripedia, Thoracica). In: Schram, F.R. & von Vaupel, J.C. (Eds.), Crustaceans and the biodiversity crisis. Vol. 1. Proceedings of the Fourth International Crustacean Congress, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 20–24 July 1998. Brill, Leiden, pp. 173–193.
Young, P.S. (2001) Redescription of Scalpellopsis striatociliata Broch, 1922, with a discussion on its phylogenetic position and the peduncular plate pattern in Scalpellids. Journal of Crustacean biology, 21 (2), 456–468.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20021975-99990147
Young, P.S. (2003) Redescription of the calanticids (Cirripedia, Scalpellomorpha) described by Wilhelm Weltner. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fuer Naturkunde in Berlin Zoologische Reihe, 79, 181–201.
Young, P.S. (2007) The Scalpellomorpha (Crustacea, Cirripedia), with a list of extant species (except the Calanticidae). Galathea Report, 21, 7–73.
Zevina, G.B. (1975) Cirripedia Thoracica of the American north west Atlantic. Trudy Instituta Oceanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR, 100, 233–258. [in Russian]
Zevina, G.B. (1978a) A new classification of the family Scalpellidae Pilsbry (Cirripedia, Thoracica). Part 1. Subfamilies Lithotryinae, Calanticinae, Pollicipinae, Scalpellinae, Brochiinae and Scalpellopsinae. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 57 (7), 998–1006. [in Russian]
Zevina, G.B. (1978b) A new classification of the Scalpellidae (Cirripedia, Thoracica). Part 2 Subfamilies Arcoscalpellinae and Meroscalpellinae. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 57 (9), 1343–1352. [in Russian]
Zevina, G.B. (1979) New species of subantarctic Cirripedia (Thoracica). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 58, 1888–1890. [in Russian]
Zevina, G.B. (1981) Cirriped crustaceans of the suborder Lepadomorpha (Cirripedia, Thoracica) of the World Ocean. Part 1.Family Scalpellidae. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR, Leningrad, USSR, 398 pp. [in Russian]
Zevina, G.B. & Yakhontova, I.V. (1987) A new barnacle genus of the family Scalpellidae (Crustacea, Cirripedia) from the North-Atlantic. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 66, 1262–1264. [in Russian].
Zitel, K.A. (1884) Bemerkungen über einige fossile Lepaditen aus dem lithographischen Schiefer und der oberen Kreide. Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 14, 577–589.