Abstract
We synonymize Amphipholizona (Ophiolepididae) and Amphigyptis (Hemieuryalidae), suggest their transfer to family Amphiuridae, and propose a new species combination (Amphipholizona perplexa new comb.). We further provide a new diagnosis for the genus Amphipholizona, a dichotomic identification key for the two species now belonging to this genus and re-describe and illustrate for the first time some of the internal characters, such as the genital plates, vertebrae, and inner side of the lateral arm plate.
References
Albuquerque, M.N. (1986) Ophiuroidea Gray, 1840 (Echinodermata) da plataforma continental do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universida de São Paulo., 393 pp.
Albuquerque, M.N. & Guille, A. (1991) Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) ao largo do Brasil: Banco Abrolhos, Cadeia submarina Vitória-Trindade e plataforma continental adjacente. Boletim do Museu Nacional, 353, 1–30.
Barboza, C.A.M. & Borges, M. (2012) A checklist of the extant species of ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Brazilian waters. Zootaxa, 3447, 1–21.
Benavides-Serrato, M., Borrero-Pérez, G.H. & Diaz-Sanchez, C.M. (2011) Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuoridea. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar 22. Santa Marta, 384 pp.
Borges, M., Monteiro, A.M.G. & Amaral, A.C.Z. (2002) Taxonomy of Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from the continental shelf and slope of the southern and southeastern Brazilian coast. Biota Neotropica, 2 (2), 1–69.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032002000200010Borges, M., Monteiro, A.M.G. & Amaral, A.C.Z. (2004) Classe Ophiuroidea. In: Amaral, A.C.Z. & Rossi-Wongtschowski (Eds). Biodiversidade Bentônica da Região Sudeste-Sul do Brasil – Plataforma Externa e Talude Superior, Série Documentos REVIZEE – Score Sul. EditoraUlhoa Cintra, São Paulo, pp. 156–160.
Borrero-Pérez, G.H., Benavides-Serrato, M., Solano O. & Navas, S. (2008) Brittle-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the continental shelf and upper slope of the Colombian Carribean. Revista de Biología Tropical, 56 (Suppl. 3), 169–204.
Clark, A.H. (1918) Report on the Ophiurans collected by the Babados-Antigua Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1918.
Clark H.L. (1915) Catalogue of Recent ophiurans. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 25 (4), 163–376
Criales-Hernández, M.I., García, C.B. & Wolff, M. (2006) Flujos de biomasa y estructura de un ecosistema de surgencia tropical en La Guajira, Caribe colombiano. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 54 (4), 1257–1282.
De Léo, F.C. (2003) Estrutura e dinâmica da fauna bêntica em regiões da plataforma e talude superior do Atlântico Sudoeste. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
Downey, M.E. (1969) Catalog of recente ophiuroid type specimens in major collections in the United States. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 293, 1–239.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.293Fell, H.B. (1960) Synoptic keys to the genera of Ophiuroidea. Zoological Publications of the Victoria University Wellington, 24, 1–40.
Gondim, A.I., Dias, T.L.P. & Christoffersen, M.L. (2013) Annotated checklist of Echinoderms from Maranhão and Piauí States, Northeastern Brazil. Check List, 9 (3), 510–518.
http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/9.3.510Gondim, A.I., Dias, T.L.P., Christoffersen, M.L. & Stöhr, S. (2015) Redescription of Hemieuryale pustulata von Martens, 1867 (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) based on Brazilian specimens, with notes on systematics and habitat association. Zootaxa, 3925 (3), 341–360.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3925.3.2Hendler, G. (1988) Ophiuroid skeleton ontogeny reveals homologies among skeleton plates of adults: a syudy of Amphiura filiformis, Amphiura stimpsonii and Ophiophrragmus filograneus (Echinodermata). Biological Bulletin, 174, 20–29.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1541755Hendler, G. (1996) Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Class Ophiuroidea. In: Blake, J.A., Scott, P.H., Lissner, A. (Eds), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and the Western Santa Barbara Channel. 14, 113–179.
Hugall A.F., O'Hara T.D., Hunjan S., Nilsen R. & Moussalli A. (2015) An exon-capture system for the entire class Ophiuroidea. Molecular Biology and Evolution.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv216Irimura, S. & Fujita, T. (2003) Intraspecific variation of vertebral ossicle morphology. In: Féral J.P.& David B. (Eds), Echinoderm research 2001. Swets, Zeitlinger & Lisse, 161–166.
Koehler, R. (1904) Ophiures de l’expdition du Siboga. I. Ophiures de mer profonde. Siboga Expeditie Monograph, 45a, 1–176.
LeClair, E. (1996) Arm joint articulation in the ophiuran brittle-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): a morphometric analysis of ontogenetic, serial, and interspecific variation. Journal of Zoology, London, 240, 245–275.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05283.xLinnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteri bus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae, pp. 1–824.
Ljungman, A.V. (1867) Ophiuroidea viventia huc usque cognita enumerat. Öfversigt af Kungliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, Stockholm, 23, 303–336.
Ljungman, A.V. (1872) Förteckning öfver uti Vestindien af Dr A. Goës samt under korvetten Josefinas expedition i Atlantiska Oceanen samlade Ophiurider. Öfversigt af Kungliga Vetenskapsakademiens Förhandlingar for 1871, Stockholm, 28 (5), 615–658.
Lyman, T. (1865) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 1, 1–200.
Lyman, T. (1869) Preliminary report on the Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae dredged in deep water between Cuba and the Florida Reef by L. E. Pourtales. Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard Colledge, 1, 309–354. Avaliable from: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28860140#page/86/mode/1up (Accessed 29 Mar. 2016)
Lyman, T. (1878) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the Exploring Voyage of H.M.S. “Challenger”, under Prof. Sir Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. 1. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5, 65–168.
Manso, C.L.C. (1993) Ofiuróides da plataforma brasileira. Parte II: Norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Estado do Espírito Santo, sul do Estado da Bahia e Bancos Royal Charlotte, Hostpur e Davis. (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 53 (2), 189–195.
Martynov, A. (2010) Reassessment of the classification of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata), based on morphological characters. I. General character evaluation and delineation of the families Ophiomyxidae and Ophiacanthidae. Zootaxa, 2697, 1–154.
Matsumoto, H. (1915) A new classification of the Ophiuroidea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, 67, 43–92.
Monteiro, A.M.G. (1990) Ocorrência de Amphipholizona delicata Clark, 1915 no litoral do Estado de São Paulo (Echinodermata-Ophiuroidea). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 50 (3), 735–738.
Müller, J. & Troschel, F.H. (1840) Über die Ophiuren. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 6, 326–330.
Nielsen, E. (1932) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914-1916. Ophiurans from the Gulf of Panama, California, and the Strait of Georgia. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 91, 241–346.
O’Hara, T.D. & Harding, C. (2014) A new species of Sigsbeia and additional records of ophiuroids from the Great Australian Bight. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 72, 131–140.
Oliveira, J.O., Oliveira, J. & Manso, C.L.C. (2010) Inventário da coleção de equinodermos do LABIMAR, Campus Profº. Alberto Carvalho, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Scientia Plena, 6 (12), 1–14.
Solís-Marín, F.A., Laguarda-Figueras, A., Durán-González, A., Ahearn, C.G., Buitrón-Sánchez, B.E. & Torres-Veja, J. (2005) Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Golfo de California, México. Revista de Biología Tropical, 53 (Supl. 3), 123–137.
Solís-Marín, F.A., Alvarado, J.J., Abreu-Pérez, M., Aguilera, O., Alió, J., Bacallado-Aránega, J.J., Barraza, E., Benavides-Serrato, M., Benítez-Villalobos, F., Betancourt-Fernández, L., Borges, M., Brandt, M., Brögger, M.I., Borrero-Pérez, G.H., Buitrón-Sánchez, B.E., Campos, L.S., Cantera, J., Clemente, S., Cohen-Renjifo, M., Coppard, S., Costa-Lotufo, L.V., del Valle-García, R., Díaz, Y., Díaz de Vivar, M.E., Díaz-Martínez, J.P., Durán-González, A., Epherra, L., Escolar, M., Francisco, V., Freire, C.A., García-Arrarás, E., Gil, D.G., Guarderas, P., Hadel, V.F., Hearn, A., Hernández, J.C., Hernández-Delgado, E.A., Herrera-Moreno, A., Herrero-Pérezrul, M.D., Hooker, Y., Honey-Escandón, M.B.I., Lodeiros, C., Luzuriaga, M., Manso, C.L.C., Martín, A., Martinez, M.I., Martínez, S., Moro-Abad, L., Mutschke, E., Navarro, J.C., Neira, R., Noriega, N., Palleiro-Nayar, J.S., Pérez, A.F., Pérez-Ruzafa, A., Prieto-Rios, E., Reyes, J., Rodríguez, R., Rubilar, T., Sancho-Mejía, T., Sangil, C., Silva, J.R.M.C., Sonnenholzner, J.I., Ventura, C.R., Tablado, A., Tavares, Y., Tiago, C.G., Tuya, F. & Williams, S.M. (2013) Appendix. In: Alvarado J.J. & Solís-Marín F.A. (Eds.), Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 543–654.
Stöhr, S., O’Hara, T. & Thuy, B. (2012) Global Diversity of Brittle Stars (Ophiuroidea: Echinodermata). PLoSONE, 7 (3), e31940.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031940Stöhr, S., O’Hara, T. & Thuy, B. (2015) World Ophiuroidea database. Available from: http://www.marinespecies.org/ophiuroidea on 2015-03-29
Thomas, L.P. (1966) A revision of the tropical American species of Amphipholis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Bulletim of Marine Science, 16 (4), 827–833.
Thuy, B. & Stöhr, S. (2011) Lateral arm plate morphology in brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): new perspectives for ophiuroid micropalaeontology and classification. Zootaxa, 3013, 1–47.
Tommasi, L.R. (1974) Equinodermes do Brasil. III. Observações sobre algumas especies coletadas durante as viagens do N/Oc. "Almirante Saldanha". Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico, 23, 1–15.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0373-55241974000100001Tommasi, L.R. & Aron M.A. (1987) Equinodermes dos Bancos Submarinos da Cadeia de Montanhas Vitória-Trindade. Relatório Interno do Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 18, 1–9.
Verrill, A.E. (1899) Report on the Ophiuroidea collected by the Bahama Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893. Bulletin of the University of Iowa, 5, 1–86.